Middle English Dictionary Entry
pẹ̄ple n.
Entry Info
Forms | pẹ̄ple n. Also pepel, pepele, pepil(le, pepul(e, pepulle, people, peopil, peopul, peuple, piple, poeple, poepel, poepil, poepul, pople, popel, popil(le, puple, pupel, pupil, pupul, pueple & pele, pule & (error) peplyl & (combined with indef. art.) appeple; sg. gen. peples, etc. & peple, pepil; pl. peples, etc. & peple & people-is. |
Etymology | OF pueple, peuple, poeple, pople, puple, pule, peule, AF peple, people. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Persons, human beings, men and women; -- also pl.; gret (muche) ~, many people [see also muche adj. 2. (b)]; congregacioun of ~, a crowd of people; (b) the general public, everyone, all people; -- also pl.; commune ~; (c) mankind, people in general; (d) some unspecified persons, people.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)110/2275 : Þre kinges and dukes fiue His cheualrie adoun ginneþ driue, And meche oþer peple ischent.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1628 : Þer were piȝt pauilounns & tentes bi o side of þe cite for swiþe moche pepul.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2265 : I wil busk..to þe prouost & oþer puple & hem preie in hast to come hider & hem cacche.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 21.36 : Multitude of peple suede him, criynge, 'Take him awey.'
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.260 : But right anon a thousand peple [vrr. poeple, puple, peeple] in thraste To saue the knyght.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)182a/a : Inde is moste ryche, moste myȝty, moste ful of poeple.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6790 : Lorde! how shul þese robbers fare Þat þe pore pepyl pelyn ful bare.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1475 : Þe riche poeple and þe senas Spaken to-gedres of þis cas.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.7 : Þe moste partie of þis peple [vr. people] þat passiþ on þis erþe, Haue þei worsshipe in þis world, þei kepe no betere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.259 : May no..mannes masse make pees amonges cristene peple [C: peuple] Tyl pruyde be purelich fordo.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.4/10 : Þer comen of Adam & of his wyf muche pupel in þe worlde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.784 : Whan þei gan with peple abounde, Kyng Priamus..Haþ in his hert cauȝt a fantasye His newe cite for to magnyfye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.584 : Gan she hym biseche..For to ben war of goosish poeples speche, That dremen thynges whiche that nevere were.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.4.110 : Yif dignytees..waxen fowle by estimacion of peple, what is it that they han in hemself of beaute?
- (1434) EEWills102/14 : The foreseyd goodes..he shulde haue..I-yeuen to pore pepell.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.700 : Fanaticus..be my gracious supportacioun, Brouht gret peeple to his subieccioun.
- a1440 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 3913)p.9 : Puple of good lyuyng [Hrl 874: þe prelates..owen to liȝtten ȝe lewed þat ben in derknesse of vnconnyng].
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)44/22 : Knyghtes the which gooth often many viages on the see or in othire dyuerse perelles haue more nede to be deuoute and to serue God..than othire pepill [vr. peplyl].
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)106/12 : In þe tyme of þe Romaynes gret felicite, þe victorious, peopill of þem were crowned wiþ laurere.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)6b : Most able peple to armes is boystous and rude peple, in feelde norschid to laboure and to trauaylle.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A congregacione of pepylle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2025 : Antenor..To the palis of prise of priam, the kyng, Among Lordys full light & oþer les peopull, ffull glad of þat gest and his gayne come.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)24a : Þat wyll make hir reclemyd And preuy with mych beryng Among þe pepyll.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)360/5 : The first wyne is good for olde peeple, and to thaim that ben moist and fleumatike.
- (1476) Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.5050 : No man ne woman ne childe receyve no suche pepull after this monyschyng.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.25.68b : Leve is not easy to gete spirites for to apperen to dedly poepil.
- a1500(a1475) Ashby Dicta (Cmb Mm.4.42)749 : For to meche humblesse, vsed of olde, Makethe meche people to be over bolde.
- a1500(a1475) Ashby Dicta (Cmb Mm.4.42)1256 : To speke meche, many people-is deres.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1159 : Hire name is Magnesia, few peple hir know; She is fownd in hye placis as wel as in lowe.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)499 : Mi herte..haþ set him-self in so nobul a place, þat perles of alle puple is preised ouer alle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5663-4 : If I among the poeple duelle, Unto the poeple I schal it telle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)134a/b : These beþ þe impressiouns þat þe puple weneþ þat þey beþ sterris þat falliþ by nyȝte downe fro heuene.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.176 : Marchauntis..Aparailide hym as a prentice þe peple to serue.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)664 : Þat is þe pure pentaungel wyth þe peple called.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)123b/a : It is cleped of þe comune pepil os frangulum.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)177b/b : Þe xiij corrosiues þat be grene be diffamed amonges þe puple.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)383/6 : Soche ben bitterly to be warned þat þai halde gode gouernance..and þat þai come noght mykel among þe peple, for þay ben entred into lepre.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)213/25 : What tyme þat he had weddyd hir..þan, dowtyr, may þei gon to bedde to-gedyr wyth-owtyn any schame er dred of þe pepil.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)41/6 : In that sche was a comon womman may be vnderstanden that hire witte was comon to alle, as lettres be comon to alle pepill.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)83 : This emplastre wole hele a felon, þe whiche þe comone peple clepid þe goode bocche.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.8/4 : Know all pepull that I, Robert Doylly, graunted, [etc.].
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)199/14 : Iohn hawardyn..warantizid aquitid..all þat tenement..to þe fore-seyde abbas & couent a-geynyste all pepuls.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)305/7 : Fraunceys..warantized..the forsaid half acre..to theire successours ayenst all peple.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)79/218 : Lord..I be-seche ȝow..þat all pepyl may serve þe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)38b/a : Þe seiynge of þe comoun peple is þat þer beþ in a man vj guttis.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)109 : Tulkes tolden hym þe tale wyt troubulle in þe pepul.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)753/21 : Attendite populi vniuersi..all pepull be-holde me.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)52/1465 : Ac godes werk an erþe was Þe puple for to teche.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)112 : Whon god sat in his blisse bosked in heuene He seiȝ þe peple þorw peine passen in-to helle.
- c1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Ryl 92)p.173 : Peple [Hrl 874: Þe prisoun þat þe fende comeþ out of forto bitrayen þe folk bitokneþ þe hertes of synners].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.302 : It is natural Men to delite in þing þat is newe; Þe trust of peple is feint and vntrewe.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)41/27 : Mercurius, that softe singeth, With his floite the pepill enchaunteth.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)1564 : And on þylke dredfull byttur day The pepull woll crye 'weloway' And sey to monteynes: 'Falleþ on vs!'
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.251 : Of fortune of whiche þe puple hedeþ, Boþe good and euell full ofte-tyme procedeth.
- c1450 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (StJ-C G.25)p.69 : Þe peple [Hrl 874: & her miȝth is to greuen þe folk fyue moneþes].
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxxxvi : Crist bad þe pule to kenne his lawe, & þei seyne naye.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)503/346 : Thowe hasse deceyvyd men mony a day and made the peple to thy pay, and wychyd theym into a wrang wey wykkydly with thy wylys.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)504/367 : Falsly thrughe thy wykkyd redde the peple ys put to pyne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)644 : Þe world shal ende Þorgh Goddes might, whan he shal sende Hise aungels in-to erþe lowe To warne þe peple.
d
- a1300 Hwi ne serue (Jes-O 29)62 : For þe luue of vre fader vihten he nolde; Þer he þolede pyne, as þe peple me tolde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.45 : Þe peple [vr. peepele] hym aposide with a peny in þe temple Ȝif þei wile worsshipe þerwiþ cesar þe king.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)278 : Hir herte kervyth and so brekith, That God the puple wel awrekith.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)232 : The maydyn he askes..Cordoil to wyf..Of qwoys fayr thewes þe pepyll hym telles.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)32 : And wite it well, peple shulbe glad euer to heiren it..And thi boke shalbe cleped..the boke of the seynt Graal.
2.
(a) The people belonging to a certain place, the inhabitants of a city or region; (b) a group or company of people; those present at a feast, church service, etc.; an assemblage; gret (muche) ~, a large group of people; (c) a crowd, a mob; -- also pl.; gret (muche) ~.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2278 : Þe prouost þan prestely þe pepul dede warne, as þei nold lese here lif, here londes & here godes, þat alle hieȝden hastily.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 11.14 : Sche sawȝ þe kyng standynge vp on þe chaȝer aftir þe maner, & syngeris & cumpanyes besides hym, & al þe puple of þe lond gladynge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.409 : Þe peple and monkes of Bangor were i-slawe at Chestre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8651 : All folud him, bath ald and ying, O þe peple of ilk tun.
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7307 : For the grete pestilence that reignes in the said towne of Sutton, the pepul is fled and flees dayly out of the said towne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.77 : The fortunes and the richesses of the peple of the provinces ben harmed.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)100 : Thow ocupyes the laundez..thow has redyn and raymede & raunsound þe pople.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.26.23 : Two someres and two wynters in a yer han these forseide peple.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4017 : Gret peple off hem doun ffelle.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1497 : Aray all þe cite, Þe stretis & in all stedis stoutly & faire..Lett þan þe pupill ilka poll apareld be clene.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)339/4 : And þe pele of þe cite, þat is to saye, þe Mayre & þe Aldermen and alle þe comynez, rydyn ayens hir to welcome hir.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2508 : And the puple of the cuntree thore Thei worche noo werke neuer more.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)83 : The pepylle in to the towne, seyng noo comfort of rescuse, the yelde the towne to the kynge.
- (1476) Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.5050 : And for cause myche of the pepyll be sette so nowgh a dayes, wenyng hem selfe that they do well when they hyrte hemselfe and alle ther neyghburse.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)2080 : All þe peple of þe toune Wyth a fayr processyoun Þyder þey gonne þrynge.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.147 : Þese..þat fallyn aȝens comoun cours of kende been tokenys þat þe peple qhere þey apperyn doon aȝens kende.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)739/13 : He blewe with on horne thryes after hym and all þat wer in þe Cyte come ouȝte..And all þe pepull folowede hym.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1291 : He and þe steward of pris Were brouȝt bifor þe iustise To swere for þat dede; Þe steward swore þe pople among.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 18.10 : Moche peple is to me in this citee.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1816 : Vnnethe myghte the peple that was there This newe Rachel bryngen fro his beere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.961 : The worthy knyght bigan, Whan that he saugh that al the peple lough, 'Namoore of this!'
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)885 : Þay blwe a boffet in blande þat banned peple, Þat þay blustered as blynde as Bayard watz ever.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)123 : Þen þe first cors come..& on so fele disches, Þat pine to fynde þe place þe peple bi-forne For to sette þe syluener.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)158 : For soth hit is þat grete cause of stryffe in þo puple [i.e., gentil men] is unjust partyng of worldly richesse. Þo puple is childische, and takes more hede to suche þing þen þei done to virtues or richessis of þo soule.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mat.9.23 : Jhesus..say mynstrallis and the puple [WB(1): the companye; L turbam] makynge noise.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Apoc.7.9 : Y sai a greet puple [WB(1): company; L turbam], whom no man myȝte noumbre, of alle folkis and lynagis and puplis.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)491 : Pes, pepyl, of pes we ȝou pray; Syth and sethe wel to my sawe.
- a1450 Ordin.Nuns(2) (Vsp A.25)147/33 : In þas wordes sayng, sal scho fall down to þe erth, And þan rise vp & turn hir to þe pepil.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1561 : Þar passis þe procession a piple be-forne, Of childire all in shalk quyte chosen out a hundreth.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)102a : Þanne þey opende þe look of þe dore and tooke awey þe seeles and fonde not Ioseph, Al þe gadering of þe people herde þis and wondred.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)67/26 : They..went into the hous of Caiphas, the busshoop, where much peple of the Iuwes were mette that wold haue gone to the sepulcre.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)104 : Aftyr mete they went to pley All the peple.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5279 : 'Where lith..the Sowdon?'..'I left hym ther..as yesterday; A grete people surely with hym ther was.'
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)919 : Þanne alle þe peple þat þere were..To god þei torned þanne anoon right.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)2101 : Child Amoraunt stode the pople among.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1622 : Þan Pilate to þe pople sayd: 'Vn-to yhow furth I sall him bring.'
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 5.26 : Thanne the magestrat..brouȝten hem to..forsoth thei dredden the peple, lest thei schulden be stooned to deeth.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 12.22 : Forsoth the peple cryede, 'The vois of God, not of man.'
- c1400(1389) Wycl.25 Art.(Dc 273)478 : Jesus Criste..wolde not take þo kyngedame, as þo gospel sais, þow þo pepule wolde for love have ravyschid hym þerto.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)38/12 : And gret people of folk folowede hym on ylch a syde.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1063 : Þe puple cried to him in fere: 'Maister, help now þi scolere.'
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deeds 19.35 : O vois of alle men was maad, criynge as bi tweyn ouris, Greet Dian of Effesians; And..the scribe hadde ceessid the puple [WB(1): cumpanyes; L turbas].
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.17 : Myche peple was wiþ Jesus, and þei hadden not to ete.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)2 : Of the fedynge of the grete peple with brede multiplied.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)464 : And whanne the peplis weren clepid to gidre to him, he seide to hem, 'Heere ȝe.'
3.
(a) The subjects of a king or lord; also used of bees;-also pl.; treu lege ~; (b) the chosen people of God, i.e., Christians and OT Jews, esp. the virtuous; goddes (Cristes) ~, ~ of god, ~ of purchasinge; (c) the members of a certain religious or philosophical sect; those preserving the relics and cult of a saint; also, the devotees of certain gods; ointed ~, (God's) anointed followers, i.e., ministers of religion.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2530 : No man may venquysse..a lord..biloued of his citezeins and of his peple.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.112 : If it youre will be That for to been a wedded man yow leste, Thanne were youre peple in souereyn hertes reste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)272a/b : Been..whanne here kyng is deed..al þe poeple of hem makeþ gret sorwe.
- (1404) RParl.3.549a : The Kynges entent is to assigne certeyn Lordes Spirituell and certeyne Lordes temporell..for to put in execution..alle the articles contened in the Petition of the Comune..in discharge of his poeple.
- (1418) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.287 : [Sir John Oldcastle has]..continued..to destruye this noble kyrke of Inglonde and the kyng and his trewe liege poeple.
- (1420) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.298 : Ye doo þe saide accorde to be proclamed yn oure Citee of london and þorowe al oure Rewme, þat al oure pueple may haue verray knowledge þerof.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)361 : This shulde a ryghtwys lord..Shewen his peple pleyn benygnete.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)377/9 : Lyk a wys kyng peeplys to gouerne, Ay vnto reson he gaff the souereynte.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)56/12 : Aristotill seide to Alexander the grete: 'What maner of heuynes that thin herte haue, thou scholdist schewe a glad visage to thi pepill.'
- (1444) RParl.5.117a : The Gaugeour..will come into no mannys Celer..to grete damage and hynderyng of the Kynges true Liege people.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)1b/a : How grete þe kynges mede is þat rewelþ wel þe puple that is to hym bytake.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15236 : Bot sythyn in fowle folys he fell, so dyd his pepyll, old and ȝyng.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)207/20 : Þe prince shulde do alweys iustice egales bytwene..alle his people and subgez.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)71/13 : He shall drawe to him as well the courages of his owyn people as of straungers.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)138/37 : O Alysaundyr..in yeris of derth þi pepyl þat is poor schal perysch but if þei haue relef.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)136/15 : His Pepill hym Shall dyspyse, For evyll workys may noght be y-hyde anente the Pepill.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)499/226 : Therfor, kyngis noble and gay, tokyn youre peple that I saye -- that I am Crist.
b
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3778 : Goddes peple hadde he [Antiochus] moost in hate.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.2.9 : Ȝe ben a kynde chosun, kyngly presthod, holy folk, puple of purchasinge.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.2.10 : The whiche sum tyme not the puple of God, now sotheli the puple of God.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.11.2 : The Lord putte not awey his peple [L plebem], the which he bifore wiste.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.942 : Who yaf Iudith corage or hardynesse..to deliueren out of wrecchednesse The peple [vrr. poeple, puple, peeple] of god?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.760 : Thilke that thow clepest thy thralles ben goddes peple, for humble folk ben Cristes freendes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1599 : God a poeple for himselve Hath chose of the lignages tuelve.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1072 : Cristes peple he may to meschief brynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)155a/b : Goddis peple made no Ioye but wepte and made mone.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.8/34 : He harded Pharaoes herte..þat he ne wolde not delyferen his pepel out of his þraldom bote by myȝt & strengþe.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)188/14 : I shal be here God, and þei shullen be my pepul.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)199/13 : Tak hede and hure, Irael: todai þou ert mad puple of þi Lord God.
- (1422) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.2380 : His people that wit hys precyouse blode shed upon the sharp crosse he boght and rawnsomed of the fendes dawnger and tharledom.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)32/7 : It is nedeful to preye to oure fadir of heuen þat he stable & sette suche prelatis in holy chirche þat so may gouerne his puple, þat so his rewme bi hem be ledde.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Origo Mundi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)1514 : Awos an dev a geusyth, y popel ny vyth sparyys.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)482 : Hee dede goddys peple pursewe To harme.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.90.61a : As þe prophete seiþ: Popule Meus, qui te beatum..Þou man of mi puple, þei þat seien þat þou art blissid..bigilen þe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)10a/a : The holi trinite..is heed and welle of kunnynge, ȝeuere & grauntere of grace..to his peple.
- c1475 *Bk.Marchalsi (Trin-C R.14.51)62b : Lord, Sir Ihesu Criste..Thy peple [that] schall be sauf at the day of dome schall goo on thy right honde.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)263 : He ys Gode of yche creature, And þey be his peple.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2990 : Alle þei shullen in him her truþe leie, His owne peple, þat is to seie.
c
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.139 : Paulynes peple for pleyntes in constorie Shuln serue myself þat cyuyle hatte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.3.36 : The peple of Epycuriens and Stoyciens and manye othre enforceden hem to gon ravyssche everych man for his part.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)318/31 : Þat loue which þou hast schewid to mankynde, and specialy to þi mynystris..ben þin oyntid peple, and schulen be erþeli aungelis in þis liif.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)388/31 : Verry propre pouert was wiþ þis pore Fraunceis as a principal vertu..makinge a streit ordir for a parfiȝt peple & not for a comown peple.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)1127 : Gret wante is of wo and wikkede paine, Þe whiche þe heie godus haten and hure hole peple.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5128 : How cuthbert cors to haly eland Anes his pepill ware bryngand.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5231 : Þe pepil of þe saynt Fledd away with þair gude.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)430 : Þre maner of prestis fallen in þis synne: Þe firste is peple of privat religioun.
4.
(a) Military forces, troops, soldiers; a band of troops, an army; gret (muche, muchel) ~, a great army, a numerous force; (b) a king's household retainers; the retinue or followers of a queen or noble lady.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)60 : King charles..Wente him to ward parys..& muche poeple to him kam, & token alle here consail þare Þat þei wolden..werren..wiþ godes foon.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1232 : He lepes in-to þe prese, prestly þer as þe pres of peple was þikkest.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)68 : Of turkys, persans, & arrabyen, gret puple had he wyþholde; He ne doutede þer-for non cristen men.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 14.2 : Saul dwellede in þe vttyrmost partie of gabaa vndyr a powmgarnet tree þat was in Magron, & þer was a puple wiþ hym as of sixe hundrid men.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2846 : The victorie of batailles..lith nat in greet nombre or multitude of peple..but it lith in the wyl and in the hand of oure lord god almyghty.
- (1400) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.55 : Kyng Richard and the Erl of Huntyngdon with these other lordes weren in the feld with a gret summe of poeple.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2582,2587 : From Saba and from Pentapolis Michel poeple hym com..So mychel puple..Þat noman tellen it ne couþe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2591,2596 : Of his poeple þe grete praye Lasted twenty milen waye..To Alisaunder com þe tidyng Of þe poeple.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)136/17-18 : Oneliche wiþ him lefte no mo but his soudeours..þe Kyng..went..wiþ a litil peple in al þe hast þat he myght, for a litel peple was wiþ him lefte.
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43587 : And gif yat pepel hade fallen to hom, to hafe foghten withe al yat wolde ȝayn stonden hom.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4067 : The kyng..anon made a trumpet calle Alle his puple out of the feld ageyn.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.73 : Grekes sholden swich a peple brynge, Thorugh which that Troie moste ben fordo.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)108/19 : Þe good knyȝt..shoulde not so myche troste in þe strengþe of his cite or his castell in tyme of werre, but þat it be ful purueied of pepill and of al þing þat behoueth for dewe defence.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.9 : It is..On Of the most wondir Storye..so lytel A peple & so vigerous Aȝens so Manye.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)435 : Sir Sabyn of Surrie..prince was of Prouynce & michel peple ladde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6877 : Þen gyrd in þe grekys syde with a grym pupull, Philothetes, a freke, with a freshe batell.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)305 : Thai slowen many a Sarasyn, x M1. pepul of hem and moo.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)432/23 : The Bisshop..hadde gaderyd a grete pepull in Soughthewerke, of men of armys and archeris.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)118/11 : Ponthus made leches to be soght forto heall the people that was wonded.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)25/23 : Tho six kyngis by hir meanys gate unto them fyve othir kyngis, and thus they began to gadir hir people.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)223/23 : There is som capteyns and guydes of peepele that taken the siluer of the saudeours wages.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)237/20 : How may [read: many] han be seen..yelde thaimself and withoute neede make a peeple to departe and kepe a companye aparte.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1107 : Syr Lybeauus aȝen beheld How fulfelde was þe feld, So greet peple þer was.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2142 : Loke þat hirde-men wel kepe þe komune passage..& vnparceyued passe þei nouȝt, ȝif þi puple be treuwe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1030 : Alle þe jnnes of þe toun Hadden litel foysoun Þat day þat com Cleopatras, So mychel poeple wiþ hir was.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)792/21 : Than the people brought her clothis, and whan sche was arayed sir Launcelot thought she was the fayryst lady that ever he saw.
5.
(a) The lower classes, the masses, the populace; the laboring class [sometimes difficult to distinguish from 2. (b) & 3.(a)]; commune ~; the peples grace, favour (wille) of the ~, popular favor, the good will of the people; peples voice (speche), voice of the ~, popular opinion; the peples grettest voice, the greatest popular good will; (b) eccl. the laity, as set off from the clergy.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)769 : Hi sede, 'we nolleþ him nyme on þe holy day nouȝt, Lest þer were eny neoyse among þe ffolk ybrouȝt'..Þo nolde hi oure lord nyme ffor þe peoples speche.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3559 : She that whilom was Dredeful to kynges and to emperoures, Now gaureth al the peple on hire, allas.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2530 : Duc Theseus is at a wyndow set..The peple [vrr. puple, poepel, peeple, pepul] preeseth thiderward ful soone Hym for to seen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.35 : Take hede of seuene persones whos dedes me writeþ in stories, þat beeþ, kyng in his rewme, knyȝt in bataile, iuge in plee, bisshop in clergie, lawefulman in þe peple, [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1689 : A king schal sette in governance His Realme..To worschipe..Of clerk, of kniht and of Marchant, And so forth of the remenant Of al the comun poeple aboute..Artificiers, Whiche usen craftes and mestiers, Whos Art is cleped Mechanique.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1590-92 : Another stant so in the peples grace For hir sadnesse and hir benygnytee That of the peple grettest voys hath she.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330a/b : Eueriche emperour to wynne fauour of þe poeple dede somwhat to þe mesure for to be holde þe more large of ȝiftes.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.127 : Þe barons..Henry nam; To London þei him brouht with grete solempnite, þe popille him bisouht þer kyng forto be.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.10 : Kinges & kniȝtes..in reaum rewliþ þe peple [C: comune].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)3/3 : The comoun peple..may not don it withouten the lordes.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.624 : The comoun peeple may hote and crie faste, As ther hertis stedfast were & stable; But at a neede ther promys wil nat laste.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)7b : Þis office of Dictature was noȝt ellis..bot þilke þat thereto were chosen were..clepid maistres of þe puple.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2885-6 : Thus, my gode lorde, wynneth your peples voice, ffor peples vois is goddes voys, men seyne.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)5b/b : Comunliche þe comyn puple purseuieth nouȝt bote sencible delectacions.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9846 : In certan placeys he con puruay princes to purge þe pepyll plyȝt.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)134/16 : The comon people has grete ioye of our weddyng; ther be fair dysportes that they make vs.
- (c1450) Boothe be ware (CotR 2.23)p.227 : The voyse of the pepille is clepede vox Dei.
- (1452) Papers Trevelyan in Camd.6770 : The voyse of the pepill is cleped vox Dei.
- a1475 Cato(2) (Rwl G.59)349 : Ȝyf thow wilt be vertwys and wys, The peple iugement thow noght despys.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.142 : Þey..makeþ þe pephe [read: peple] for pens-lac in pointe for to wepe.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)186/24 : Here foloweth the thyrde estate of the people, whiche be men of crafte and the labourers of the erthe that we take for the laste partie of the bodye of policie, whiche is likened to the leggis and the feete.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)197/5 : For as the princes and high men maynteyne thaimself in thaire lyuyng and estate, the peeple taketh of thaim regle and exaumple.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)24 : So hadde Vortiger the hertys of the peple, and he knewe well that thei heilde hym worthy and wise.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)770/21 : The son of þe Erle toke it & delyd it to por men & Ryche; wherefor he had þe wylle of all þe pepull.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.4.3 : Ȝif þe prest þat is anoynted synne, makynge þe peple to trespace.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.347 : He knowleched his trespas..openliche tofore þe bisshop and al þe peple.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.706 : With feyned flaterye and iapes He made the persoun and the peple his apes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1716 : Excited he the peple [vr. poepul] in his prechyng To trentals and to yeue for goddes sake.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.56 : I fond þere Freris..Prechinge þe peple for profit of þe wombe.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)58/27 : Þe herte of þe peple folowiþ her prestis auarice.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20644 : Kyng arthur, againe to restore Þe temples þat war destroide bifore, Þan bifor him son gert he calle Þe clergie and þe pople alle.
- ?a1425 GGuy(1) (RwlPoet 175)2008 : Yhe better þe pople preche, þan yhe haue done þis tyme beforne.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)240 : Whate greues Gode moste of any kyns thynge? Pride, with apparementis..By-fore þe pople appertly in thaire prechynge.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3625 : I schal inquire of my flok and of here pasture, Whou þey haue leuyd and led here peple sojet.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)363 : Þe lippis of þe prest kepyn kunnynge, and the pepille schul seke þe lawe of his mouþe.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)392 : Þes ypocritis..disseyuen þe pepill by fals by-heest of heuenly help.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)4 : If ani chosun of God himselue, and of þe puple, in to pope or prelate..doþ contrarily to his behest in degre, he semiþ not to be þe vicar of Crist in dede.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7853 : A clerke..to þe peple prechith And Goddis wil to hem techiþ.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)808 : Episcopus: Oh Jhesu..With the wyll I walke..Now, all my pepull, with me ye dresse For to goo see that swymfull syght.
6.
(a) A nation, tribe; a community, type or race of people; also used of ants; ebraik ~, ~ ebraik (of ebreies); ~ of israel; ~ of (out of) perse; ~ of egipcienes; ~ of (the) jeues; ~ of saxones; ~ troglodite; troien ~; etc.; (b) pl. the races of mankind, nations; the gentiles; in (al) peples, among all nations.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2649 : Prestli to hire puple, to palerne sche ferde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.9.6 : Þou ert apeple [L populus] of most hard nolle.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.6.36 : Þow makyst saaf by myn hoond þe puple of yrael.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.30.25 : Foure thingis þer ben þe leste of þe erþe..Amptis, a feble puple, [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.159 : In Affrica, amonge þe puple Troglodyte is a welle þat makeþ hem þat drynkeþ þerof to haue good voys.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)115/876 : Rewme schulde ryse aȝens rewme, and peple aȝens peple.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.489 : It was no wight but he That kepte peple Ebrayk from hir drenchynge.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1750 : O Hebrayk peple, allas, Is this to yow a thyng that is honest?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1193 : He spilleth many a word in wast That schal with such a poeple trete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)128b/a : And þe puple of egipciens were I-smyte, and þe puple of hebrews were deliuerid out of þe cruel lorschipe of Egipcians.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)9/10 : Axe of me & y schel ȝeue þee peple & naciouns, & al þe world aboute to þyn heritage.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.65 : A sodeyn transmutacioun Was made of amptis to forme of men..The whiche people..Myrundones so longe haue boor the name.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1117 : Wher he rood he besy was to sle Þe Troyan peple.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)327/32 : Afore þe comynge of myn oonly sooþfast sone..þe peple of þe Iewis stoden myche wiþoute profecyes.
- (?c1436) Duke Burgundy (Rome 1306)41 : Remembre the, Phelippe, how peple of England Haue been to the euer gentil and trew.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)42/17 : My men will noȝte beleue þat þou will feghte agaynes thyn owenn peple.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)6a : On peple passiþ anoþer in werres..Alle naciouns and folke þat nygh ben to þe sonne..ben wyse and wytty of counsail.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)185 : Nardus celtica..growiþ only in þe region of þe peple þat is clepid celte.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)87 : Þer is comyn with him knyȝt of landis dyuerse..Þe perseyns & a pupill þat panthy [read: parthy] is callid.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2930 : Þe popill of Persy opon þis prince waitis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3208 : Þe pepill out of Persy, quen þai oure prince see..vn-ȝarkid þe ȝatis of þe cite.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)17 : Of Sem come v puples in special, of whech Elam was first; and of him were cleped the puple that dwelle in Perse, Elamites.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)47/20 : Eue and hir childre wexid, multiplied, & maried togidirs and wexid to a gret peple and linage.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)29/16 : Saxouns..madyne þe fourthe peple of dwellers yn þis Ile.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)150 : Þe Lacidemonies and..Authenences..were best counselled..off any people off þe world, escepte the Romayns.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.259 : The peple of Saxones..is moche contrarious to theire enmyes.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)296 : Adam oure alder..ete of þat appulle Þat mony a plyȝtles pepul has poysned for euer.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)122/36 : Y haue founde in the londe of Perse appeple ful of Reyson.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)499/229 : My peple of Jwes were put me frome.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)52 : Than fledde Joseph and Mary yn-to Egypte..for feere of Kynge Herode, and for be-cause also that they had no trust yn oure peple.
- 1607 Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)470/131 : Balaam, my lorde greetes well thee, And prays the..to curse the people of Judy, that do hym great anoye.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.43.15 : Þou hast put vs in to licnesse to gentilis: mouyng of þe heued in pupils.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.16.24 : Telleþ in gentiles his glorie, in alle puplis his merueiles.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.10.11 : It bihoueth thee eftsoone for to prophecie to hethen men, and to puplis and to langagis and to many kingis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)242 : Þurȝ þe eggyng of Eve he ete of an apple Þat enpoysened alle peplez þat parted fro hem boþe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.6.15 : Natheles yit governed this Nero by septre alle the peples that Phebus (the sonne) may seen.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.73 : God, puplis knouleche to þee; alle puplis knouleche to þee.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)2 : A blisful lyf, a paisible and a swete Ledden the peples in the former age.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)138/22 : Go ȝe and teche ȝe alle peplis, baptising hem.