Middle English Dictionary Entry
pak(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | pak(e n. Also pac, pakke, pack(e, pek, pekke. |
Etymology | Cp. MDu., MLG pac & OI pakki. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A bundle or package; a bundle of cloth, moss, skins, merchandise, etc.; also, pl. baggage [quot.: (a1393)]; also fig.; ~ mailed, a tied bundle; priken in a ~, to pin (sth.) up in a bundle; (b) a burden carried by man or beast, a load; also fig.; hors and ~, horse and rider.
Associated quotations
a
- (1228) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.157 : i pak mailede.
- (1313-14) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100512 : In 6 cordis pro Pakkis empt., 5 s.
- ?c1335 Heil seint Michel (Hrl 913)p.156 : Hail be ȝe marchans wiþ ȝur gret packes Of draperie, auoir-depeise, and ȝur wol sackes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6094 : He [Covoitise] can the packes wel ransake; So prively berth non aboute His gold that he ne fint it oute.
- (a1400) LRed Bk.Bristol1.72 : Mercimonia..in pakkes vel fardellis sub sigillo claudi fecerat.
- (1400) Comp.R.in Frost Hullapp.20 : Pro..vij pakk cum pellibus diversis ferarum.
- (1409-10) RParl.3.626a : Certeyns Merchantz..en mesmes les packes sotelment enpackent layn fyne, or & argent en plate.
- (1430) Close R.Hen.VI16 : [A] pak [of] Irys lamfelles.
- (1431) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.12064 : Pakes of lamfell and conyngfell hase comen to the said citee.
- (1434) in Rec.B.Nottingham 2146 : Thomas..tincteret praefato Simoni unum pakke panni laneii, cujus pakk x peciae erunt de factura villae de Notingham et x peciae de factura ex parte boriali.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)187 : Of every trusse or pakke [F barde] of cloth that comyn to the cay boundyn with cordys, iiij d.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)111/303 : Gadir same now all oure gere, Slike poure wede as we were, And prike þam in a pak.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)4/3,4 : Sho had made a grete pakk of all hur synys..and euer þis pakk wex les & les.
- (1458) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.59 : For euery Pack of Barstapill clothe, Kendalles, smal frises, Kedwellies clothe, and al other straite clothe, xxti doseyn accompted for the packe ther put to sale..ij d.
- (1464) Acc.Howard in RC 57545 : Item, the same day paid fore corde to trusse wyth pakkes, iiij d.
- (1467) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.616 : Item, pro i pakke gross' yerne val. 1 s.
- (1467) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.622 : Item, pro ii pakkes lini val. £ x.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.155b : It be leeffull to the Collectours of the Porte..to doo unpakke there tho Pakkes and Fardels, and oversee all the Clothes theryn.
- (1473-4) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2568 : Et pro mease, viz. v packys, precium le packe v d., Summa ij s. j d.
- a1500 Pennyw.Wit(2) (Cmb Ff.2.38)233 : He caste the pakk downe in the flore.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)16 : A Pak of Clothe. Also clothe is sold by numbyr, for x hole clothys make a pak; so that euery hole cloth or euery dossynne be hole in lengthe, xxiiij yerdes.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)87/20 : Noble men & gentile ne beoreð nanes packes [Pep: none purses ne bagges], ne ne feareð itrusset wið trussews ne wið purses.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)134/158 : And wo comeþ elles to ssrift to vnchargi is sak As uol he geþ hom aȝen and mid as heui pak.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1981 : A chapman..bar his pac.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)773 : Ogger..bar a-don hors & pak & þe sarazins nekke to-brak.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4347 : Þe somers schulleþ byforn ous gon Wyþ grete pakkes euerechon, As it were marchaundyse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.212 : Þe heigh waye to-heuene-ward oft ricchesse letteth..Þere þe pore preseth bifor þe riche with a pakke at his rugge.
- (1410) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)8.634 : De quolibet Summagio Panni, qui vocatur Pak, unum Denarium.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)378 : Pakke: Sarcina, fardellus.
- a1450 Serm.Pater N.(Cmb Dd.11.89)134 : Hit is a gret maistrie, heuye beren & heiȝe stie; lyȝte þi pak & let folye, heuy to helle þat þou ne sye.
- ?a1450 Dives & P.(BodTh d.36)1.76 : Þei diden awei her birþuns and her packis.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)131/3901 : A pak, a pak; madame, my lode alight; Forwhi, allas, y bere to hevy lo..So helpe me sett my crokid burthen right.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)222/4,6 : Whi takez thou the byrden? whi takest thou the purse and packes [L sarcinas] of the traytour?..The nedel ee..is streyte and receyuez not such packes.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)526 : He..leyd it on his bak, Riȝte in the same plase as Chapmen berith hir pak.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)2771 : Lat noon passe..But he vnclose hys fardel..To cerche hem wel on euery syde, Thys synful folk, with pakkys large.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)129/160 : Com forth cokewolde..Com forth Also ȝe goodly dame..and ȝe were myn with owtyn lak I wolde ech day beschrewe ȝour nose and ȝe dede brynge me such a pak.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)165/174 : Tyll egypp lett vs fare; This pak, tyll I com thare, To bere I shall not blyn.
- c1500(1342) The fals fox (Cmb Ee.1.12)24 : He threw a gose vpon his back, And furth he went thoo with his pak.
2.
A bag or pack for carrying things; a money-bag, purse; also, a packsaddle [quot.: a1500]; fig. ful ~, full store, prosperity.
Associated quotations
- (1228) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.158 : i pak ad equum..i schort pak.
- (a1333) Herebert Soethþe mon (Add 46919)4 : God ys þat he trusse hys pak And tymliche pute hys stor in sak.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7751 : Therwhile he hath his fulle packe, Thei seie, 'A good felawe is Jacke;' Bot whanne it faileth ate laste..thanne is ther non other lawe Bot, 'Jacke was a good felawe.'
- a1450 Quan I haue (Sln 2593)p.260 : Quan my purs gynnyght to slak, And ther is nowt in my pak, They wil seyn, 'Go, farwil, Jak, Thou xalt non more drynke with vs.'
- a1500 In all this warld (BodPoet e.1)p.278 : Farwell, Jacke, Thi loue is pressyd al in thi pake; Thou beryst thi loue behynd thi bak.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)728/27 : Hec clitella: a pak.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)399 : Þer is no peny in my pakke to payen for my mete.
3.
(a) In cpds.: ~ cloth, a coarse cloth, of hemp or other material, for wrapping bundles; a piece of such cloth; also, stuffed or quilted cotton cloth [quot.: a1500]; ~ hors, a pack horse; ~ nedle, a large needle for sewing up bundles, stitching together pieces of sails, etc.; ~ prike, ?a pin for fastening bundles; ~ sadel, a packsaddle; ~ thred, strong thread for tying or sewing up bundles, fishing, measuring distances, retrieving hawks, binding splints to broken limbs, etc.; (b) in surnames, nicknames, and place names.
Associated quotations
a
- (1304) *Acc.Exch.(PRO) 12/25 [OD col.] : c leez de pacthred.
- (1327) *Wardrobe Acc.20 Edw.II [OD col.]26/10 : Unus penner cum paknedlis.
- (1336) Doc.in Nicolas Navy 2472 : [For 60 ells of canvas, bought to double the said sail..and for thread bought for the same..and for] packenedeles [bought for the said sail, with sewing the same].
- (1343) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100542 : In Paknedel et Paktrede emp. pro lana pakkanda, 8 d.
- (1356) *Pipe Roll (PRO) 32 Edw.III m.33/1 [OD col.] : Computat..xij skeynes de pacthrede.
- (1377-8) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103587 : i li. de Kydsape, et paknedils, 8 d.
- (1393) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.52158 : Pro xxj vlnis canevas pro saccis..Et pro pacthred [pro] dictis ligandis.
- (1394) Cart.Whitby in Sur.Soc.72621 : Pro xxvi ulnis canaby emptis pro pacclathis, xii s. iii d.
- (1398) Will York in Sur.Soc.4250 : Lego Willielmo Pafute famulo meo..j paksadyll.
- (1400) Comp.R.in Frost Hullapp.9 : Pro..iij pakthrede.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.126 : Among þe riche rayes I rendrit a lessoun; Brochide hem wiþ a pakke nedle [vrr. pak neelde, pacneld; bat nedil, betyng nedyl, prikede nedele] & pleit hem togidere.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Mac.3.27 : Thei..castiden out hym, putte in a pakke sadil [WB(1) vr. beringe sadil; L sella gestatoria], ether hors litir.
- (1430) Will York in Sur.Soc.309 : Et Adæ, famulo meo, sellas vocatas paksadyls, pakclathes, pakprykkes, [etc.].
- (1434) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.29101 : In trituracione bladorum..wedehokez et pakkethreed.
- (1442) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1387 : Thomas Wigh for xvj Skaynys of grete packethrede for the masons for mesours.
- (1445) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.79 : [2] pacsadylles [with] gyrthis, [16 d.].
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45102 : De j pak cloth cont. iiij uln.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45103 : De j pakclath vetere iij d.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)170 : Tak serel de bois, & wasche hem clene, & lappe hem in wort leues, & bynde hyt aboute wyþ pakþred.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)197 : Mak þy splentes & ley hem aboute þe leg..& þen tak good strong pakþred & an iij pypes or iiij & warroke þe leg wyþ þe pypes.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)155/13 : For the pyke ye schall take a good fyne lyne of pak thryde.
- (1471) Paston (EETS)1.442 : Late the mesure by pakthred be taken or ell mesured by yerde, how moche is from the northe gate..to þe sowthe wall.
- (1474-5) Stonor1.152 : On freday nexst afore Candelmas day for packenedull and threde, j d.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)24a : Than teye to þi Iessis A long pake threde of xxti. fadom.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)629 : Kotyn or pakclothe [glossing:] bumbicinium.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)757/38 : Hic saginarius [?read: sagmarius]: a palhors [read: pakhorse].
b
- (1191) Doc.in HMC Rep.9 App.116b : William Pakbyndere.
- (1266) Pat.R.Hen.III603 : Richard Pakstaff.
- (a1272) Names Trade in Hist.Essays Tait87 : Pakemanston.
- (1272) Inquis.PM Hen.III264 : Robert Pakeman.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 1212 : Alanus le Pak.
- (1297) Visit.St.Paul in Camd.n.s.5542 : Waltero Pakeman et heredibus suis, xviij d.
- (1299) Nickname in LuSE 55193 : Will. Wolpak.
- (c1311) Rec.Norwich 1375 : Hub. Pakke.
- (1317) in Fransson Surn.54 : John Pakmon.
- (1332) Nickname in LuSE 55190 : Thom. Wickepake.
- (1332) Sub.R.Lond.in Unwin Finance62 : Ricardus le Pakkedrawere.
- (1352) Court R.Colchester 1240 : John Packeman.
- -?-(1201-12) Red Bk.Exch.in RS 99180 : Simon Pakemon.
4.
(a) An assemblage of people, gods, etc.; a company, band; a large number, multitude; an army, host; al the ~, the whole company, all of them (you, us); ~ armed, an armed band; ~ out of number, a multitude; of ech a ~, of every company; (b) as a collective term referring to objects, animals, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5516 : In his hous ther schal nothing lacke, And that fulofte abyth the packe Of povere men that duelle aboute.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)2212 : Fra est he brohut ane euyl pack [Vsp: felauscap]..Sexti werkemen þai wer.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Barlaam & J.(Hrl 4196)231/418 : Þai cled þam all in blak, His wyfe & childer & all þe pak.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)2032 : Ȝif þei [the enemy] turne ones þe backe, Thei beþ oure, al þe packe.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3030 : Alas..Caytiff Troyens..here wedlak..schal greue ȝow, alle the pak.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)10918 : To haue him out was he not ethe..To saue the kyng fro alle his pak.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)299 : They were hethene, al the pak.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2405 : Ȝa, þe Deuyl spede ȝou, al þe packe!
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)954 : Pausanna..Presis out of þe palais with a pake armed, And metes him in þe myd-fild with a mekill nounbre.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1554 : Now bowis furth þe bischop at þe burȝe ȝatis, With prestis & with prelatis a pake out of nombre.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3009 : Sall neuir þe Persyns pake be pere to þe grekis.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3752 : Þou god, þou hase putt vs obak; Þou hase destruyed vs, al þe pak.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)126/330 : Then myght I by, for all the pak The dewill of the war.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)141/34 : I am myghty man ay whare, Of ilk a pak.
- a1500 Cato(4) (BodAdd A.106)211 : In all þe pake..no man lyues withowt lake.
- a1500 The mone in (Adv 19.3.1)p.84 : A haswyfe of Holbrucke owt hornus blu, For all tho pekke was forbedon paryng of chese.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)368 : Mercurius..had a gyldyn tong..In eloquence of langage he passyd all the pak.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.201 : Me were leuer..Haue pacience perfitlich þan half þi pakke of bokes.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)929 : So cumly a pakke of joly juele Wer euel don schulde lyȝ þeroute.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A packe of houndis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2854 : With þat, comaunds he he[s] kniȝtis to cutt doune..braunches..And bynde to þaire hors feete..Bath to Meeris & to mulis & all maner of bestis; Þe popill out of Persy þat slike a pake saȝe..heterly was stroub[l]id.
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A mewte, a pakke, & a kenell of houndes.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)129/424 : Thay wold looke that thay hade thare shepe, all the pak.
5.
?The bulk or thick part of a fish liver.
Associated quotations
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)449 : Take the pake of the lyver of hake, or of codlynge, [etc.].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1336-7) *Acc.Exch.K.R. [OD col.]19/31 m.5 : In packenedoles emptis ad dictum velum cum eisdem cusandis. ij.d.
Note: This appears to be the same passage quoted under sense 3.(a), but transcribed slightly differently.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. packthread.