Middle English Dictionary Entry
paire n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | paire n.(1) Also pare, paier(e, per(e, peire, peiʒir & (error) pur. |
Etymology | OF paire, peire, pere & ML par, paria. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Two, a set of two, a pair; -- often sg. with pl. meaning: (a) of garments for the hands, feet, etc.; of armor for the arms, etc.; ~ of boteus (spores), ~ (of) hosen (shoes), ~ brace (gloves, gussetes); etc.; ~ plates (briganders), a two-piece set of body armor; also with sg. noun: ~ glove, ~ de vaumbrace; (b) of a single garment; a ~ brech of maille, that part of a suit of mail which covers the loins and thighs; (c) of sets of household goods and furnishings: sheets, blankets, fireplace equipment, vessels, chests, etc.; ~ candelstikkes (eueres, fustianes, shetes, trestles, etc.); ~ of aundirenes (blanketes, gardeviauntes, rakes, etc.); (d) of people, animals, parts of the body, apparatus, etc.; ~ feters (freres, oxen, etc.); ~ of cartwhels (des, legges, sineues, etc.); (e) a sexual pair, a couple; (f) with noun omitted or implied; to ~, as a pair, making a pair.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (1354) in Beltz Garter386 : Deux peir de plates coverez de velvet noir. ]
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8013 : Is chanberlein him broʒte..a peire hosen of say.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)192 : Seththen ʒe tok a paire gloue Þat here lemman here sente of fairi londe.
- (c1380) Stonor Suppl.2 : We lefte wt the scollemastyr of Ewuellme..a peyr of shouys j-furrid.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2121 : Som wol haue a peire plates large, And som wol haue a Pruce sheeld or a targe.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.473 : And on hir feet a peyre of spores sharpe.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)157/14 : Man ne may nouʒth..a paire schon haue wiþ oute buggynge.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.256 : Many a knyʒte..payed neuere for his prentishode nouʒte a peire [C: payere] gloues.
- (1402) Will York in Sur.Soc.4297 : Lego Radulpho de Goldesburgh..j par de wambrace.
- (1411) Will in Bk.Lond.E.216/19 : Y be-queþe to herry cole a..peyr of Rede hosyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.53,55 : Some..nolde faille To han of maille eke a peir bras And þer-with-al..A peir Gussetis on a petycote.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)572 : Of gloves white she had a paire.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)310/5 : Sho..bad þaim gar make hur a payr of hy bottois.
- c1450 Ladd Y the daunce (Cai 383/603)p.307 : A peyre wyth glouus ic ha to thyn were.
- (1456) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 93361 : The seide John Swann forto haue..iiii peire schoone.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.505b : Nor that eny of the same Servauntez..use or were..eny Hoses wherof the peyre shall excede in price xiiii d.
- (1465) Acc.Howard in RC 57314 : Item, for a payr galaches and a payr shone for my mastres Ysbelle, xij d.
- (1465) Paston1.300 : In primis, a payre brygandyrs, a salet, a bore spere, [etc.].
- (c1475) Stonor1.154 : Item, a payre hosen off russet, the price iij d.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)29 : Ordane the a payre of longe hoose.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)402 : They hangyd on euery swyrde hylte A peyre of sporys newe gylte.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.51 : Some..dide on firste..A peire breke..of maille.
c
- (1395) EEWills4/16 : I bequethe to the same Thomas..a peyre schetes of Reynes.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.131 : [A long ladder with 2 small ladders and a] peire trestilles.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.170 : [2] peir fustiens [worth 13 s. 4 d.].
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 224 : Item, i paire of longe shetis of reynes of iij leues.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 224 : Item, a paire of large fustians euery of hem iiij levis.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 226 : Item, a paire of rackes for þe kychyn.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 230 : Item, a paire of blanketts ouerwered.
- (1419) *Will Bury155a : A newe table wt a peyr trestell.
- (1420) EEWills46/17 : A peyr of Aundyrus.
- (1433) *Mun.B.Bridgewater12 : In primis ffor a peyre Candelstykkes of tre, iij s. iiij d.
- (1438) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4330 : A peyr of london botellys.
- (1444) Will Daubeney in Som.RS 19341 : A peire of fustyans, ij paire of blankettes, a paire of the best Gardevyaundes.
- (1444) Will Daubeney in Som.RS 19341 : Y wol he have..a paier of basyns of sylver.
- (1444) Will Daubeney in Som.RS 19342 : Item, to John Welweton..a paier..potel botels.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30173 : Elizabethæ Neteham..a spynnyngwhele, a peyre cardes, [etc.].
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16126 : j peyre of trussing Coeffers, and j payir of Gardeviants.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.173 : Item, j paire ewers, beyng bothe weiyng xlv unces.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.4.86 : Item, another payre of smaller candelstikks.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.37b : Item, iiii peyre of Trestell.
- (a1500) Collect.Anglo-Premonst.in RHS ser.3.6264 : A per of ffuschans.
- 1618(1440) Invent.Cumberworth in Peacock EChurch Furniture184 : Item, 2 paire curtens, yee better of lawne and ye tother stened.
- -?-(1466) Will in Som.RS 16210 : I bequethe..to the said Thomas..a paire of curteyns, a paire of shetys and a paire of blankettis.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)20 : Euere he hadde ane peire feteres faste him up-on.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 14.14 : Þe half partye of an akyr þat a peyre of oxen in a dai is wont to eren.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 19.21 : He tooc a peyre [WB(2): tweine; L par] oxen & sloowʒ it.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 2.24 : Thei schulen ʒyue..A peyre of turtris or twey culuere briddis.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4386 : Nas ther no prentys That fairer koude caste a paire of dys.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.597 : Me thoughte he hadde a paire Of legges and of feet so clene and faire That al myn herte I yaf vnto his hoold.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)64a/a : Sexe peire of synewes comen fro þe brayne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.19 : Þere ar..prechoures to preue what it is of many a peyre freres.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.196 : Haued nouʒt Magdeleigne more for a boxe of salue Þan zacheus..And þe pore widwe for a peire of mytes Þan alle þo that offreden?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1698 : It hath leves wel foure paire, That Kynde hath sett..Aboute the rede Rose spryngyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)40a/a : Þer ben seuene peire of Synewes þe whiche growen oute off þe braine..and one wiþ outen felowe þe whiche groweþ at þe ende of þe ossarium.
- (1429) Will York in Sur.Soc.4417 : Item, to Robert his son..a pare of cart wheles new bonden.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)201 : Of eche peyre of cartewhelys, j d.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)124/18 : He comawndyd hys mene to fettyn a peyr of feterys.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)391 : Peyr [vrr. peyʒyr, peyyre], or a peyr, of tweyne thyngys: Par.
- (1468-9) Stonor1.101 : For a peyre of plowellys, xiiij d.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)13b/a : From þe Nucha comen xxx peire of cordis & oon þat is bi himsilf.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)28b/a : Of þese aforseid spondilis of þe necke þere springen seuene peire senewis.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)641 : What, Myscheff, haue ʒe ben in presun?..Me semyth ʒe haue scoryde a peyr of fetters.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)32a/13 : From þe forparte of the hede in whiche bene vij payr sennes comythe a payr senewys out of the brayn.
e
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.191 : In gelosie ioyeles & ianglyng of bedde, Manye peire siþen his pestilence han piʒt hem togidere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)335 : Of uche clene comly kynde enclose seven makez, Of uche horwed in ark halde bot a payre.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)338 : Uche payre by payre to plese ayþer oþer.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)11.231 : Alle shullen deye for hus dedes..Except onliche of eche kynde a peyre [A: a couple].
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)238 : And on the temple, of dowves white and fayre Saw I syttynge many an hundred peyre.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)3/74 : And viij sowles þer savyd xulde be And i peyre of everich bestys.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)39/133 : Of byrd and of beste take..A peyr.
f
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)566 : Swiche [two maidens] him serueþ a day so faire; Amoreʒe moste anoþer peire.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)46a/b : Som [teeth] ben pares, tweye ouere & twey neþire.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)64a/a : Þe firste peire passiþ to þe eiʒen & to þe lymes of felynge to ʒeue hem felinge & mouynge.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6792 : Þe riche braunchis and þe levis faire, Tweyne & tweyne Ioyned as a payre.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22827 : With right horne and with lefte to pare, ffulthik sette, stabliste four scyuar.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)74b/a : Þer ben iiij veines also in þe lippes, on ech lippe a peire.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.390 : Bu a peyre of a marc, oþer þou ssalt be acorye sore.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)91b : A payre: par.
1b.
Used with a plural noun to denote a single bifurcated tool or other two-part device: ~ (of) cisours (sheres, etc.).
Associated quotations
- (1382) Invent.Jarrow in Sur.Soc.2971 : Aula..j payr de tanggys.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5291/14 : Pro furracione, j pair pynsons.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5691 : Out he clippeth..Hire tunge with a peire scheres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)149a/a : Here [the swallows'] bothe tailes beþ forked as a peyre scheres [L ad modum forpicis bifurcata].
- (1419) *Will Bury155a : Also a plate and a peyr tongys.
- (c1422) Invent.Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.12204 : j par belwys.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)5/22 : He sett a peyr of spectacles on hys nose.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)90/36 : Thys creatur had..a maner of sownde as it had ben a peyr of belwys blowyng in hir ere.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)106b : Some haþ an yren Imade as a peyre tonges Igymewed as tonges in þe myddes.
- a1450 Ordin.Nuns(2) (Vsp A.25)146/33 : Þen sal þe prelete with a payr of schers be-gyn forto kut hir hair.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14453 : Wold god all yll þat euer I wroyʒt and þer bales þat I here byd ware both in a payre of balans broyʒt.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)101/12 : Þai felid so mekull duste..as it had bene blawn opon þaim with a payr of belows.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)187/11 : He..tuke a payr of sisurs and began to clypp hym before.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Vit.(1) (Vit A.16)271 : Ordeyned hem a payr of Balaunce for to wey with her gold.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)22 : The hongman..havyng in his handis a paire sharpe tangis, with the which he twitched..thare skynne.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)75b/a : Þou schalt taken a peire tongis of yren.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)18929 : In hir hand sche heelde also A peyre cysours scharpe I-grownde.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)78/11 : Take a peyre irrens as men schul baken with wafres.
2.
(a) A set or suit (of clothes or vestments); -- also sg. with pl. meaning; in ~, in sets; (b) a set of identical or similar objects; ~ (of, de) bedes, a rosary; ~ endenture(s, ~ of endentes (endentures), a set of identical copies of an endenture; ~ greses, a flight of stairs; ~ (of) knives; (c) of devices, mechanical contrivances, musical instruments: a set; ~ (of) galwes, a gallows; ~ (of) organs [see organ(e n. 2. (a)]; ~ (of) tables, a writing-tablet; also, a chessboard.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)258/35 : Þet ne is naʒt wyþ-oute ouerdoinge, þet on wyfman ssel habbe uor hare body ine one yere zuo uele payre of robes.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)36/26 : Tuinne paire claþis sal ilkain haue.
- (1433) *Mun.B.Bridgewater12 : For þe feryal peyre vestmentes.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)410 : Scho had robes in payre.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12411 : Naman ordand..Ten payr of garmentes.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15150 : Item, a payr of Whyte Vestymentes for lent, that is to sey one whyte chesyple, awbe, amys, stool, and the phanol.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15151 : Item, a payre of paynted cloths of Damaske werke with a Image of Our Ladye and her child.
- (1466) LRed Bk.Bristol2.235 : Item..ij payre off vestymentys hoole.
b
- (1351) Will York in Sur.Soc.464 : Lego domino Thomæ..j par de bedes de corall.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.159 : She bar A peyre of bedes gauded al with grene.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2904 : A Peire of Bedes blak as Sable Sche tok and heng my necke aboute.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 226 : Item, a pair of keruynge knyues, iiij in a sheth.
- (1419) *Will Bury155a : Also a peyr bedys of avmber langettes with a broch and a crucyfix of syluer.
- (1426-7) Rec.St.Mary at Hill64 : For makyng of a peire endentour.
- (1427) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.68 : The wille..is conteyned and comprehended yn a paire endentures.
- (1428-9) *Mun.B.Bridgewater15 : Y solde j payre Bedys þt þe wyffe of Jon Meye by quethe to þe Cherche.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)170/24 : He ʒaf þe sayd creatur a peyr of knyuys.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30106 : To my doghter Mabill a parr of coral bedds.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)77 : Thann go we down on a peyr greces in to a chapel þei clepe ierlm.
- (1451) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)337 : A peyre of endentures of apprentishode to be made betwene the maister and every suche persone after the..ordinaunce of this Citee.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57228 : Item, payd there for a peyre knyvys ffor my mastyr, v d.
- (1473-4) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum360 : Jtem, in the makyng of j pur of indents of the north Rode loft.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1741 : His felawe hadde..A peyre of tables al of yuory And a poyntel polysshed fetisly.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 226 : Item, a paire of tablis with þe mayne.
- (1426-7) Paston1.8 : Certeyns maffaisours..þe seyd John Grys..fro þe seyd dwellyng place by þe space of a myle to a peyre galwes ledden.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8:Kingsf.)309 : There was made a newe peyre of Galouys for hym.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)147 : Allso..whas hangid..vpon a pare galows be cheynes two men that had robbid a vitteler.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)25/9 : Be-cause he myth not speke..he took a peyre tables, and wroot in þe wax.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)108 : The kynge let to be made iiij payre of galowys, the whiche that were icallyd the Lollers galowys.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)182 : In the same yere there were ij traytours hangyde on a payre of galowys..be syde Syn Kateryns.
3.
(a) Expressing a mere multiple: some, a few; (b) used as a rhetorical multiplier to express a large number.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7896 : Þe king a pair o letters writte Did [Göt: did sone lettris to write].
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)595 : There been mo sterres, God wot, than a payre!
b
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)66 : His robe..hath hewes an hundred payre.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1386 : There were elmes grete and stronge..Fyn ew, popler, and lyndes faire, And othere trees full many a payre.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.606 : Thou were despitous, Woordis rehersyng which wer nat faire..And repreuys many thousend paire.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)2181 : I haue in my demeyne..many thousand payre Of wommen.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)109 : Iesu..Toke out of helle soules many a peyre.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1411) in Rec.B.Nottingham 284 : j pari steropps, j d.
Note: New spelling
Note: spelling 'pari' perh. an error, but could be from ML paria per REL