Middle English Dictionary Entry
ǒutrāǧe n.
Entry Info
Forms | ǒutrāǧe n. Also outerage, outragie, utrage, oultrage & (errors) autrage, utetrage; pl. outrages & (errors) outragious, -eous, -rageus. |
Etymology | OF outrage, oultrage, ult-. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Excess of food, drink, work, heat, etc.; intemperance, immoderation; extravagance, licentiousness, wantonness; ~ of coveitise, excessive need resulting from covetousness; ~ of arrai, extravagance of dress; ~ of clothes (drinke, expenses, slepinge, etc.); don ~, to indulge in excess; taken bi ~, drink (wine) in excess; (b) an excess of blood; (c) an extravagant act, an excess; (d) exaggeration; wordes of ~.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)110/17 : He ne acseþ none outrage -- ne wyn, ne uless, ne uiss.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)86/441 : Methefulnsse..hedis us fra outrage.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.293 : Þe monkes þere were a falle into a greet outragie [Higd.(2): usede moche ryette; L ad lasciviam nimis defluxerant].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.345 : Þinges þat were i-ȝeve to abbayes in olde tyme beeþ now..i-wasted in glotenye and outrage [L ingluviis] of honures.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.367 : He dede non outrage in drinking; flesche he eet somtyme.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.834 : Sobrenesse..restreyneth the outrage of drynke.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.1080 : Wher that..reson torneth into rage, So that mesure upon oultrage Hath set his world, it is to drede.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72b/a : Forȝetful & vnkonnynge, he haþ no mynde þat he schal ȝeue to his lord acountes of his outrage [L excessibus].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28457 : I..has hade it, in myn vsage, O mete and drink to do vtrage.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)28/10 : Gete þar be nane owtrage, þat nane be costiue..þurȝ surfait o mete.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)353 : Schame it is and als outtrage, So mykyll folke hald on þar costage.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.5.137 : Of litel nedeth hem that mesuren hir fille after the nede of kynde, and nat after the outrage of covetyse [L ambitus superfluitate].
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)5 : They ne were nat forpampred with outrage.
- c1435 Lydg.St.George (Bod 686)28 : In his youth he gan him selue delite..To sue vertu..Vices excludyng, al riot and outerage.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.16 : Of myche trauaile..the outrage Hath..cast me in a sleep.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)375 : Owterage, or excesse: Excessus.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)101/153 : Both comes til an ende, owtrage and over mykel fastyng.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)499 : Pryde hath wel leuer bere an hungry mawe To bedde, than lakke of array outrage.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4201 : Þis sely man contynued his outrage Tyl al his goode was disshid & goone.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)18/35 : Who so loueþ mesure & outrage forberiþ & wiþstondiþ luste of mete þat þe fleisch wolde haue, þauȝ he þoruȝ leccherie stirynge may fele, vertu of abstinence schal be his bote.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)53/23 : Deueles childre..largely and wiþ outrage wasten Goddis good.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)55/16 : We schul not lyuen aftir oure fleisch, þat is we schul noȝt folewe it in his outrage ne in his luste, but we schullen ȝyue it þat it nediþ to sustenaunce.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)118 : Quod glotenye, 'nyȝt & day þou wake; Ete late & eerli in outrage.'
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)144/16 : Swiche synnen in..gret outrage of expensys.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)82/26 : These ben synnes of mouth: Outrage or vnleuefull tastynge, etynge, or drynkynge, [etc.].
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)197/32 : Thrugh outrage and disordinate reule comyth murmure.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)33.9 : Forsake not god for dred of hungire; he hight til his lufers thaire necessaris, not outrage.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)81/27 : It nedys to him þat ys dronkyn of wyn by outrage takyn, þat he [be] wasshid with hote water.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)89/14 : He that be ebrietye and outrage of slepynge hath forȝete to say euensonge..let hym do the forsaide penaunce.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)84/17 : Eche suster schal be cloþid in stamyn or heyre..euermore eschuynge þe owtrage of cloþes & of robis in gode maner.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7540 : The holsomest stede for a man Is þere þat he best lyue can, Þat no sikenesse by him mete, Ne noon outrage of colde ne hete.
b
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)115/392 : Tortes..wol come of oute-rage of blod þat is rotun & of humours þat beþ bitwexst þe hyde & þe holde..or of strokes & of stondynge bi oþer hors.
c
- c1460 Chaucer CT.Pars.(McC 181)I.834 : Outrageous [Elsm: Sobrenesse..restreyneth the outrage of drynke].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12827 : In Ryot and dyspence, In wast, in reuel and outrages, Spent in gelees and potages..The longe nyht I daunce and pley.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)169/22 : All to late shall the grete habundaunce passed be remembred in soroufull wepinge and defaute of resonable departing of the remanent of goodes, whiche ben consumed by outrages.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)166/9 : I susteyne their lyf with my swete and travaile of my body, and thei make me werre with ther outragis, which hath brought me to lyve as a begger.
d
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8900 : Þe king vnderstod þat þe maide ne sede non outrage.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7920 : He talde þe pape his message With outen wordes of outrage.
2.
(a) Wrongdoing, evil deeds; thurgh ~, wrongly; with ~, wickedly; (b) an evil deed, offense, a crime, sin, breach of law or custom; a violent deed, heinous act; an act of excess; abuse (of permission); so strong ~, such a great evil; don ~, to commit a sin or crime, commit a sexual sin; (c) violence, destructive force; capacity for violence; in ~, ?in anger, ?violently; (d) treachery.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2837 : Hise children sulde þarne Euere more þat eritage Þat his was for hise utrage.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)150/57 : He was seint Edwardes broþer þat is moder wiþ outrage Let martri for is loue to wynne him þe heritage.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1062 : Þe emperours messagers to engelonde come Þat þe king abude is herte..to þe heye emperour..& dude him omage Laste þe heie emperour vor is outrage Come & destruede al is lond.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2161 : Þay schullen sone be schent for hure foul outrage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2718-19 : As yuele dooth he that vengeth hym by outrage as he that dooth the outrage, And therfore ye shul venge yow after the ordre of right, that is to seyn by the lawe and nat by excesse ne by outrage.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)6986 : Þai..left þe lagh of hey driȝtyne and ledde þe lagh of sarasyne and made wiþ ham þaire mariage -- qua herde euer of suche outerage?
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)500 : Thin heritage..was forfet thurgh outrage.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Virg.& Chr.(Hnt HM 111)15 : I preyde god mercy of myn outrage.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.796 : Eualach, for Al his Owtrage, Ne scholde not han past be theke weye.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.679 : Danyell..wrote..To signyfye that there sholde be boren A childe..to breke the crovne..In Babylyne of the grete ymage That made men firste to done outerage.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)992 : A science thu gave me with ful grete charge, which I haue kepte with-owte owtrage.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)41/30 : So thanne through myschief, necessite, and owtrage, man cannat haue that is his nor no good dede may receyve the rewarde aftir the vertue therof.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)102/20 : They callid to iustice suche as had put them owt through owltrage.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)95 : Al hire þouȝt was..to bi-þenche sum outrage, Þat þis child were i-brouȝt of dawe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2874 : He mengde þe luþer paiens among ȝou in þis londe Vor to holde me & mi broþer out of oure eritage, Ac al vpe is owe heued ybroȝt is is outrage.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)728 : Whoso dede wiþ man vtrage, Bot it were in wedloc, In þilke time men hem tok Wiþ iuggement.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)19/5 : Þe timliche guodes þet he heþ ine lokinge..[he] wasteþ..ine folyes and ine outrages.
- c1390 NHom.Theoph.(Vrn)450 : Þow hast don so strong outrage, þat þou hast don þe fend omage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2628 : A man dredeth to do outrages [vrr. outerageus; wrongis] whan he woot..that it displeseth to the iuges and the souereyns.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2967 : He tok querelle of his oultrage, And seide he scholde don hommage Unto the cherche bodily.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5792 : 'Of suche oultrages,' Sche [Progne] seith, 'wepinge is noght the bote.'
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)215 : Certys he dede grete outrage [F outrage] To make þe deuyl so moche omage.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1663 : Ȝyf þou dedyst euer swyche outrage To wedde chyldryn or þey hadde age, Þareof may come grete folye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1115 : He [God] will þat he [Cain] bii þe vttrage, Þat murþerhed sua is ane ymage.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)79/15 : Þe þridde cause is nouȝt of þe outrage of þis licence & leue, þouȝ þere be þerof comyn diffamacioun among lewed & lered.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4039 : Thus the devel for his old outrages..paied hym his wages.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)443 : He made a condyte meruayllouse With a pype comyng in to his house; And oþer fele wycked outrages He dude aȝens her vsages.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)690 : Ȝef any womman dude outrage, Bote ȝef hit weore in spousyng..Al quuyk heo scholden doluen beo.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)30/1 : Yef ani..hauis brokin silence eftir cumplin, smerte correccion salle man take of hir; yef gestis cume, and tabbesse cumandis at speke, þat tare be nane vtrage.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3316 : When y seyȝe my horse come rennyng home so, Y drede me fulle sore for some owterage.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)120/1 : The kynge..charged them never to do outerage nothir morthir.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)128/10 : If a man doo grett outrages and weneth that no man dar avenge it.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)69 : We gretly merveyle why he hath don so grete outerage.
- a1500 Bevis (Cmb Ff.2.38)69/259 : When Befyse had do that owtrage And slayne bothe syre and page, He rode forthe on hys way.
c
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2012 : Yet saugh I woodnesse laughyng in his rage, Armed compleynt, outhees, and fiers outrage.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.131 : Scipio..wolde nouȝt assente þat Cartage schulde be destroyed, ffor he wolde þat outtrage schulde be chastised by drede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.603 : In hire is nomore oultrage Than in a child of thre yeer age.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3413 : Mai no Pite areste Of crualte the gret oultrage Which the tirant in his corage Engendred hath.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27734 : Thrett, buffett, and dedes dint, Bolning of hert and resun tint, Vnheind talking, o dede vtrage, Lates misledd, lightness o rage.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)823 : Þeo hore start vp in a res And wiþ hire fust in outrage Smot hire in þe visage.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5415 : No man myhte abide Off his cours and the furious fell outrage.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2596 : Morgan herd telle þat Condage Com wiþ gret host & outrage.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)121/17 : For Streynth and Powere without witte and connynge is but outrage and wodnys.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)81 : The duke was deed thourgh hys owne outerage.
d
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.376 : Bi hir treynys & hir gret outrage He was aftir..At myscheef slayn.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15096 : Loke that thow be dyllygent..Tenoynte-wyth thy vysage, That men sen nat thyn outrage.
3.
(a) Injury, harm, damage; an injury, a wound; an affliction; affront, indignity; don ~, to do harm; harm (sb.), offer (sb.) injury or affront, rape (a woman); (b) trouble, mishap; (c) defilement; (d) abuse, insult; wordes of ~, insults.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3646 : To þe king com message Þat þe scottes & þe picars dude him gret outrage.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9633 : Richard is sone..He ȝef gascoine & aquitaine, so þat hii dude homage King lowis of france þeruore wiþoute outrage.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5574 : In prisoun þou schalt hem legge..Alle fort þai han y-founden þe ostage Þat hij no do þe non vtrage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.660 : Pacience is thilke vertu that suffreth debonairely alle the outrages [vr. outragiouse] of aduersitee and euery wikked word.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1190 : Aquarius..stant wel in Satornes grace..Bot to the Sonne he doth oultrage.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)22 : Synne of sacrylege Þat ys to holy chyrche outrage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1972 : I mad mann after myn aun ymage, Ne wil i nan do him vtrage.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)248 : Seldom was for ani chance Englis tong preched infrance; Gif we þaim ilkan þair language, And þan do we na vtetrage.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1720 : Þou hast wiþholde my trowage And ydon me more outrage -- Brent myne tounes, myne men yslawe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7745 : Antigon..is ycome to message. Ne bede þou hym non outrage.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)46/5 : Yef ani sistir with-outen þe cumandement of þabbes dose þe barnis ani owterage, þe reule of disclipine sal þai fele.
- c1460(?c1435) Lydg.Let.Glo.(Hrl 2255)14 : A laxatif did hym so gret outrage, Made hym slendre by a consumpcioun.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1083 : Of the reed flyx the gret owtrage Sodeynly dede Austyn so sore oppresse That to deyin he trowyd of that seeknesse.
- ?a1450 Þe man þt wylle (Wel 542)22 : Be þe wounde nevere so deep..So þat he drynke save or anteoche, Him dar not drede of þat outrage.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)4.195 : It is also the guerdoun and the mede To hem that ben in exile; of outerage, Repayre fynall of hir pilgrimage.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)128/4 : Guenelete had thoght to haue taken hir agane hir wyll and to haue doon hir outerage.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)56/4 : And euermore Seint Petre had his visage towardis oure Lord and beheld him fulle pitously and was ful heuy and sorouful of his despite and the outrage that thei did to him without cause.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)63/24 : Swete sonne, suete fadir, suete frend, suete God, whi suffre ye so gret outrage and so gret hidous tormentis þat thees fals Iuwes ymaginers maken you to suffre?
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)8783 : That the kyng dyd onryght To honoure so pore a knyght That was no better than a page: To hys barons he did outerage.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)990 : We schall kepe thys passage Thogh we be take wyth gret owtrage.
b
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6594 : Wyth in the thyke wood they them hyde, Wyth oute any more owterage.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2748 : Such Servantis may your werkis of charge Mynystre, & save from all owtrage.
c
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)1768 : This joy..Is ordent for wedded mennes ryght, That leves in clene mariage And kepes here body from outrage.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)240 : She and other..mayden chylderyn..wern take in to þe temple..to abyden..and so be kept in clennesse fro sythys owtrage [vr. outerage].
d
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)329 : 'Cristes cors vppon his heued..I nelle nouȝt leue thi false sarmon.' Þauȝ otuwel speke outrage..King charles..Noble soffre him habbe nouȝt bote god.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.154 : Whan he hadde resceyved wordes of outrage [L contumelia], he..seide..'undirstondistow nat that I am a philosophre?'
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)287 : Of theire sclandre & wordes of owtrage we take..litille charge.
4.
(a) Excessive pride, presumption; insolence, impertinence; foolhardiness, rashness; (b) a presumptuous deed, rash action; foolhardy behavior; don ~, to act rashly.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.293 : In his stede, forto alegge þe outrage [Higd.(2): insolence; L insolentiam] of þe kyngdom of Iewes, were i-made foure kynges.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298b/a : Þe ape..is restreigned wiþ a clogge..to abate his fersnesse and outrage.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3087 : Ne dooþ nouȝth by Dalmadas..And for ȝoure pride and ȝoure outrage Lesen wijf and childe and heritage.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7790 : Þere fel first, for his outrage, Tuo and sexty diuers langage.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.690 : What newe furie or importune rage Hath brought myn herte in-to swyche autrage..To loue hir best þat dedly doth me hate?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2086 : Of the body he is full lord, That hath the herte in his tresor; Outrage it were to asken more.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.171 : Bochas..Begynneth heer to make a processe Ageyn thoutrage of pryncis that wer proude, Which wer brouht lowe for ther frowardnesse.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3221 : Grete pryde hyt ys and outrage Þat she ys nat payd of goddys ymage.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1094 : There..alle the children ly That Heroudes quellid in his outrage.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)105/21 : Thou shalt fynde but fewe of them which by ambicion, by rapyne, and by the owtrage of pryde, that euir their good cam to laudable fyne.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1669 : Wilt þou þe selue & ous a slo þorw such a fol outtrage?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)812 : O adam lott now getes he nan To bring into þat heritage Þat i haf tint wit min vttrage.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2963 : Lete bileuen þine outrage, Oiþer þou shalt lacche dedly damage.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1622 : Þou of foly dedist gret outrage, To take on þe so hiȝe a perlous þing.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6024 : If riche men don you homage, That is as fooles don outrage.