Middle English Dictionary Entry
neighen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | neighen v.(1) Also neigh(e, neiȝ(e(n, neiȝhe(n, neigen, neihȝe(n, neih(e(n, neihhen, neihi, nei(e & negh(e(n, neȝ(e(n, neȝh(e(n, negge(n, nehȝe(n, neh(e & nigh(e(n, niȝ(e(n, niȝhen, nihen, nie, niegh & neuhen & (early SWM) nahhin, nahi & (error) neght. Forms: sg.2 neighest & neght; sg.3 neigheth, etc. & (early) necheð, nahheþ & (error) neynt; p. neighede, etc. & neght, niȝt, neiȝtede, neghted, neiȝthed & (error) neigrhed. Contraction: neȝhedem (neighede hem). |
Etymology | OE; cp. Nhb. genēhwiga, akin to OS nāhian, Goth. nēhwjan, etc. Forms influenced by ME neigh adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
To advance, move forward, move close: (a) in space or position; -- with adverbial constructions: ~ bi, to move by (sth.), come by; ~ hider, come here; ~ neigh, ~ nerhond, ~ ner (to, draw close (to sb. or sth.); ~ ner, draw close or closer; ~ ner togedere(s, come close to each other; ~ to (unto), draw close to (sb. or sth.); (b) of times or events: ~ neigh, ~ ner, to draw close to (night, etc.); (c) impers. hit neighede to night, night approached, etc.; (d) fig.; ~ neigh to, ~ to, ~ unto, to draw close to (sb. or sth.); ~ ner, approach; ~ ner unto, draw closer to (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1377 : Þo þe ostes neiȝeden nieȝ, Þat eiþer ost oþer sieȝ.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)2.135/684 : As he durste he þer niȝt [Cmb Dd: wente it ney].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2179 : Þei neyȝþed so neiȝh.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.40.30 : Þei..neyȝtiden [Corp-O: neiȝe ȝeden; vr. neyȝeden; L accederent] to þe auter.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.249 : Whan he neighede [vrr. neyȝhede, neiȝide] to þe kyng Athila, þe kyng liȝt doun of his hors.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.85 : Als ofte as þe hostes neyȝed nere to gidre [Higd.(2): scholde mete], duke Edrik..seide þat he was seek.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3782 : Bot wel was him that mihte neyhe, To se therof the proprete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326a/b : If þis nombre [two] is to blame for he passeþ furst fro oon, þanne he is to preisynge, for he comeþ of oon and neigheþ furst to þe nombre of þre.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)697 : He neȝed ful noghe [read: neghe] in to þe Norþe Walez.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mat.9.20 : A womman..neiȝede bihynde and touchide the hem of his cloth.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2472 : Evermore thou neighest ner..The hatter evere shall thou brenne.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)1b/a : Accedo: to niȝen.
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)98/5 : Þei bygunne to buyylde a toure..þe heiȝþe of which schuld neiȝ to heuen.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)300/16 : Philip of Valeys..neigrhed vnto þe sege of Caleys.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.39 : Mi frendis & my neiȝboris neiȝiden [L appropinquaverunt] & stoden aȝenes me.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)352 : Neyhhyn, or come ny: Appropinquo, approximo.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2433 : A foly thowe wirkkes, Thus nakede in thy noblaye to neghe to þe walles.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)540 : I sawe hir ons on a walle; I neghede [vr. neyȝed] na nere.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)225 : Neiȝe thou not hidir, but vndo the scho of thi feet.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2063 : Neuer more sal þay negh nere.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2782 : To Mankynd I ney ny.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)5696 : [Generides] rode furth waloping Into the middow ther fast nighyng.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)128/65 : We neghe now þus nerhand.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)106 : Go bidd þou ȝondere bolde batell þat one þe bent houes, That they neuer neghe nerre to-gedirs.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)13725 : And when yt neght nere to þe cors of Elysew, yt rayse vp hole and fere.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17562 : Þei neghted nere to þe Cyte syde.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)237 : As he neghet bi a noke, Þe King sturenly him stroke.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)85a : To Neghe nere: Accedere, Adire, Aduenire, Appropiare, Appropinquare, Approximare.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)430 : They hym perceyued and neȝeden ful ner.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)19/16 : Ȝure ænde-dai neihȝeð.
- c1225 Mirie it is (Rwl G.22)3 : Nu necheð windes blast.
- 1372 Suete sone (Adv 18.7.21)10 : Me þinket þat i se þi detȝ, it neyhit suiþe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.225 : Þe Tewesday tofore þe Ascencioun his deeþ neighede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9905 : Hys passyun neyghed nye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21062 : Ful-fild of eild..he sei His ending dai him neghand nei.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)21860 : Man wate þat it [judgment day] es neigand neiȝ [Vsp: command nei].
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)173/19 : Þe comynge of ȝoure Lord neyȝeþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1513 : The tyme aprocheþ & gan to neiȝen faste.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1555 : Neighen gan the tyme Of meeltide.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.13.12 : Þe nyghte went before; þe day forsoþe schal neghe [L appropinquavit].
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.10.25 : Wee see þe day neiȝande [L appropinquantem].
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)23/191 : Þe tyme now neghes nere Omang my frendes to mak sopere.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)10563 : Hyr tym neyhyd ny..whan she shuld deye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2221 : Now ere his seggis all sett, & þe saute neȝis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3863 : His dole neȝes.
- c1450 Whanne marye was greet (Lamb 853)128 : Þe tyme neiȝeþ neere.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)879 : The tyme of birth Nyȝhid nere & nere.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)162/4 : I haue..tawth goddys lawe many A ȝere, desyrynge in all my mende þat þe tyme we [read: were] neyhand nere In which goddys son xul Apere.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.12 : Þe seson was paste..To make ony myrthe for mowtynge þat nyghed.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)829 : Þe certayn day was nyȝyng.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)162/60 : Oure noyes ar neghand nere.
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)475/39 : Þe dey shall nighene with hys lyght.
c
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1131 : Þo neiȝede it toward eue.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)204 : Alle þe daye þay made gud chere; A wrethe byganne, als ȝe may here, Be þat it neghede to nyghte.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)331 : Hit neght fast toward nyght.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1960 : Tho hyt neghyt toward evene, The twa clerkys token leve.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)672 : Hit neght to þe night & þe none past.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.16.5 : Whom he [God] cheseþ sholyn neiȝe [Corp-O: neiȝ] to hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 33.22 : Þe soule of hym shal neȝen [Dc 369(1): neȝhe; WB(2): neiȝe; L appropinquavit] to corupcioun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.41.1 : Ben stille to me ilis & jentilis strengþe chaunge þei; neȝen [WB(2): neiȝe; L accedant] & þanne speke þei.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)60/4 : Doþ penaunce, and þe kingdom of God schal neiȝe.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)146 : In the floode of waters fele, To hym schal noght neghe nere [L approximabunt].
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.7.19 : Þe introduccyoun forsoþe is maad..of a betere hope, þurgh whiche wee neghȝen [L proximamus] to god.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.12.18 : Ȝee han not neghed [L accessistis] to þat tretable fyr and accessyble, and ȝee han not neghed to þe whirlewynd.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)43 : We ben sette as in a hiȝe..toure of religioun, vnto the whiche the venemous arowes of this wicked world..mowe not atteyne or neyhe bot in oure owne defauȝte and foly.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)3b/b : And the more a man neigheth to unite and to godenes.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)167/31 : Þe kyngdam of heuene schal neyghin.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)19/16 : By thes werkes God vysetyth the sowle, that it nygh alway ner & ner vn-to God.
- c1475(a1400) Sayings Fathers (Rwl C.285)125 : Neigh ȝe to me, and I sal negh to ȝow.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)118.169 : My praiynge neghe in thi sight, lord.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)25/19 : He þat withdrawiþ himself from frendes & knowen men, god shal nye [L approximabit] unto him wiþ his holy aungeles.
1b.
To close for battle or single combat; ~ neigh, draw closer to each other.
Associated quotations
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2088 : To Perceuell a dynt he ȝefe In þe nekk with his nefe; Sone neghede þay.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5039 : Þeyr hostes boþe neighed ȝerne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13543 : Þe batailles neyghed ney & ney [F S'entrevindrent entr'aprismant].
2.
(a) Of literal persons or objects: to approach (sb. or sth.), go or come close to; cultivate (land), plant [quot.: (?1440)]; ~ neigh, ~ ner, approach (sb. or sth.); more ~, ~ neigher, ~ ner, go closer to (sb. or sth.); ~ so ner, get so close to (sb.); ~ to neigh, approach (sb.) too closely; (b) of time or events: to approach; draw near to (sb.); also, of persons: draw near to (death); ~ to deth, almost die; ~ neigh, draw close to (sb. or sth.); ~ ner, draw close or closer to (sb. or sth.); (c) impers.; (d) fig.; ~ neigh, ~ ner, to draw close to (sb. or sth.); ~ nexte, approach (the Godhead) most closely; (e) refl.; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8078 : He stannc þatt iwhillc mann Wass himm full laþ to nehhȝhenn.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)71/9 : Þe earn deð in his nest a deorewurðe ȝimstan achate hatte, for nan attri þing ne mei þe stan nahhin [Nero: neihen; Pep: neiȝ].
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)58/26 : Þe delueð efter golthord, eauer se he mare nahheð hit, se his heortes gleadschipe makeð him mare..fersch to diggin..deoppre..aðet he hit finde.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)2 : Ðe leun stant on hille; & he man hunten here Oðer ðurg his nese smel Smake ðat he negge, Bi wilc weie so he wile To dele niðer wenden.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)122 : If he naked man se, ne wile he him nogt neggen.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1082 : A sarazin strong..bigan to neiȝen hem ner.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)2.128/155 : Wan ihesu say þo folke him neye, Apon a hille he sat an hey.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)278 : I nas neuer ȝet so hardi to neȝh him so hende.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1036 : He neȝhedem & sayde, 'Maugree haue þou, Fyrumbras.'
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Magd.(Phys-E)p.17 : Sin mas hir unworthi To nehe him that sud be hali.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14025 : Lat hir negh [Trin-C: touche] him not sa nere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.58 : He..nolde nouȝt neighen hym by nyne londes lengthe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1017 : A see..Blo, blubrande, and blak, unblyþe to neȝe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2431 : I in soth myȝt nat sustene, He was so swyft, for to niȝe hym ner.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)742 : How dar ȝe negh þis stede?
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2347 : Na man durst neght his chamber nere.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)61/612a : Þai durst noght negh him negh, Bot folowd efter euer on dregh.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)100b/a : ȝif þe dura mater be enpostumed, it is houen vppe & neiȝes nyer þe braine panne þen it was wunte.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1825 : Aftir with teeth wil he neyh hem nere.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.226 : When hit is so brent, by yeris fyue..nygh hit not.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3040 : Belyn folewede & neyghed [F vait parsiuant] hem ner.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1452 : I see a felle hoste..Þat sone will neghe vs nere.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7666 : Patriarche abraham..his awen land neuer aftir neght.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)73/6 : When thei nyghid Rome, themperoure had tithingis that his messangers were arryued.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.231 : Ich man [was] y-charchid to schoppe at his croune, Ȝif he nyhed hem ony nere þan þey had him nempned.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)164a/b : The dura mater is risen vp & neiȝeþ ner þe brayn panne.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1712 : Tho he come to cordys And neȝhede the Cyte.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)356 : Prycande on her stedys..they nyȝen vs to nyȝe.
- c1616(1441) Coucher Bk.Plumptonp.lix : The said officers..were neighing..Thornton brig.
b
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.95 : Þe nerre þat þai neiȝen [F aprochent] deþ, þe more agreued is þe fende.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)23.200 : Deþ drow neyghynge me; for drede gan ich quaken.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Phil.2.30 : For þe werk of crist he neghyde [L accessit] to þe death.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)59/33 : May not they see the dethe that neighed hem?
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)879 : The tyme of birth Nyȝhid nere & nere.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)970 : Deth me nyȝhith nyȝe.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1318 : Thow tokist noon hede whils it shoon hoot; Therfor wynter þe nyȝhith.
- c1500 King & H.(Ashm 61:Hazlitt)119 : Nyȝht neyȝes me nere.
c
- a1350 Iesu for þi muchele miht (Hrl 2253)26 : Me þynkeþ hit neȜyþ domesday.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)770 : Whan it neiȝed niȝt, noyȝed was he sore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1393 : It sal negh þe warlds end Ar þat oile þe may be send.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.283 : It neiȝide ner heruest.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.4 : It neighed nyeghe þe none.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)596 : Furth he rade onone right Until it neghed nere þe nyght.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)3/47* : It neghed nere þe tyme sertayne Þat crist in erth suld suffer payne.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)808 : It neghes nere nyghte.
- c1450 Eglam.(Clg A.2)203 : Hyt nyȝed þe nyȝt þoo.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9592 : Ȝarrkeþþ Godess weȝȝe swa Þatt he ȝuw muȝhe nehhȝhenn.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)121/8 : Nimeð scrifte of ȝewer sennes; hit neiheð heuene riche.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23293 : Þai walde noȝt negh [Phys-E: neh] þe liȝt þat giues of soþfastnes þe siȝt.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1208 : Whyn mught þou swa unclen be Þat suld never mare neghe me?
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle þi ioy (Cmb Dd.5.64)31 : When mai I negh þe nere? Bring me to þi lyght, þi melodi to here.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)26 : Of alle the vertuus that in man may be, It neynt nexte the heye godhede.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)93/3 : By right..all..is vnderstandant and neghys negh þat þat ys remued of farre.
e
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4509 : Þe gate Richard hym neyȝeþ neer.
- c1400 Prep.Euch.(Ashm 1286)122/23 : Þe þridde is wiþ reuerence of herte þat suche a vyle creature and a wrecchid synner be aferde to neiȝ hem suche a lord.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.299 : Euery man may haue abilite With god to speke and neighe hym to þat light.
3.
(a) To go to (a place, a house, horses, etc.), come to (sth.), arrive at (a place); ~ ful neigh, ~ neigh, come to (sb.), get to (heaven); ~ to the naked, penetrate to the skin; (b) to touch (sb. or sth.); ?nearly reach (sth.) [quot.: a1500]; ~ ner, ~ on, touch (sth.); (c) to get within the reach of (sb. or sth., strokes); ~ neigh (ner), go close to (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Hose wolde him (Vrn)23 : Þat noble plase [heaven] þei neiȝe ner neih But ȝif þei meyntene trouþe for best.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273b/a : An Oxeherde..feedeþ and norissheþ oxen..and nyheþ hem and cloggeþ hem while þay ben in pasture.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)805 : Þay nay þat þay nolde neȝ no howsez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1054 : I nolde, bot if I hit negh myȝt on nwȝeres morne.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)521 : Bemes blowen anon, blonkes to neȝe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1964 : How durst þou..appere in my presens..Þat myn eris shuld negh the noise of þi speche?
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6403 : A felle speire..neghit to þe nakid, but no noy did.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)365/284 : The voys of my moder me nyhith fulny.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12855 : I dar noght negh [Trin-C: touche] þe, lauerd min.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)103.33 : Þat bihaldes land and to qwake makes ite; Þat neghes [L tangit] hilles, and þai smoke yhite.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)156/435* : And þai might neght [vr. negh] þa wandes nere, þai suld als fast be hale and fere.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)94a/a : A man schal neuere leie no putrefactiues oþer maturatiues to sinewes..he schal not neiȝen hem wiþ hote water be cause þat it is putrefactiue.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)150a/b : He [canker] schal not be touched wiþ none hote iren..fforwhy, þe more þat he is neiȝhed wiþ enye violent þinge, þe more þe malice of hym is aumented.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)177b/b : Verdegrece makeþ þe bone greue ȝif þat it neiȝe it.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)433 : Take a faire urthen pot and lay hit well with splentes in the bothum that the flessh neigh hit not.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)528 : Schrynken þe Jewes, As womman schal in a swem whan hir þe water neȝeþ.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4182 : Quare it neȝes on þe nakid, it noyis for euire.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4199 : Alsone als þat hande him neght, Of his seknes all þe weght Began to passe away.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)20b/b : Quytture & corrupcioun..schulde..neiȝe not þe dura mater ne þe brayn.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)161b/a : What tyme þat we remeue þe boonys..we schulen not neiȝe þe extremitees of þe fissuris.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)195 : At the fot of the movnteyn Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston serteyn; Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon.
c
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1866 : Dursten he newhen him no more Þanne he bor or leun wore.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4958 : So sore he hitt, so sore he smot, Non durst him neiȝe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5178 : Non durst him neiȝe his ax-lengþe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.41 : Neuer Eilred our kyng durst negh him nerre.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1575 : Neȝe hym non durst for woþe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)19960 : Hit was not good To Neyghen his strokes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)760/18 : He fared as hit had bene an hungry lyon..that no knyght durst nyghe hym.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)370 : Roulond slow alle þat neyȝed hym ner.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2832 : A thow woldyst nyghe me nye, Thow shalt wele wete I am not slayn.
4.
(a) To be situated near (sth.); of land, country: extend toward (sth.); ~ to, lie near, extend toward (sth.); be nearby; ~ togeder, be juxtaposed; ~ wel ner, lie quite close; (b) to cleave or adhere to (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.297 : Vasconia..neigheþ to Peytow.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)27 : He hedde an orchard newe, þat neiȝed wel nere.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)69a/b : Vicino: to neȝen.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41a/b : Bones..neiȝe to gidere as in þe breste and in þe haunches.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)71a/b : Muscules and cordes..leide oþer neiȝynge to þe bone off þe thie.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)241/28 : The stomake..neyeth myche the lyuer.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)60b/a : Þe syfac is but one pannikel wiþ inne neiȝhynge to [*Ch.(1): withinfourþ cleuyng; Ch.(2): wiþynneforth drawynge to; L ab intra adherens] þe mirak.
5.
(a) To molest (sb.), afflict, harm; attack (sb.); also fig.; ~ ner, ~ to (unto), harm (sb.); ~ with shonde, attack (sb.); (b) to defile (sth.), befoul; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)46/8 : Vre lauerd schilde þet te breað of hare stinkinde þrote ne nahi [Nero: neihi] ow neauer.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3957 : Ȝif ani man so hardi were Þat him neyȝed wiþ schond, He schuld dye þurch his hond.
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)23/16 : A þousend schal fallen fro þi syde..to þe þei schul not neihȝen [vr. neiȝhe].
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)35/8 : Þe scourge..schal not neihȝe þe [vr. neyghen].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7342 : Þus neghet hom with noye, till þe night come.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12844 : Þe prophett gart þem herber haue and bad no noye suld neght þem nere.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)256/20 : For the hete sholde nat nyghe hem, there rode four knyghtes aboute hem and bare a cloth of grene sylke on four sperys betwyxte hem and the sonne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)359/133 : That horible serpent dar not nyhyn youre kende.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)4/2-3 : It is inpossible the fende to negh vn-to the, Ne he may nott neght to any euyll man botte he be sufferede of me.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)475 : Lybeaus hym so nyȝ Þat he brak hys þeȝ.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)333 : The dragon and the venemous bestes..shull not nygh vs ne noye vs.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)215 : The xlij felowes hem deffended so that thei myght hym not nyegh.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)34/328 : He þat berith hir [orides] may surely goo thorogh childernesse, for there shall no wilde beste nygh hym.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)71/12 : Þis deorewurðe stan..is þe achate, þet atter of sunne ne nahhede [Nero: neihede] neauer.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)32 : He þat flemus uch fylþe fer fro his hert May not byde þat burne þat hit his body neȝen.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)285 : Lete Duke Naymes lenge at hame To kepe pareche walles fro schame, Þat no gledes neghe þam nere, Coo ne pye.
6.
(a) To tamper with (sth. forbidden), partake of; ~ ner, approach (sth.), partake of; (b) to receive (money), obtain.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1836 : He nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse Nauþer golde ne garysoun.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)99a/b : Bi som daiez presume he on no maner to negh or come nere wyne [Ch.(2): to come nygh wyne; L vino..approximare].
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)135/6 : Of þis fruyt dare na man ete ne negh it.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)90/15 : What man so neghes þir treesse, he sall dye onane.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)53/9 : The Soudon hath don it enclosyd with an wal al aboutyn that no man may neghen it.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)23/33 : A tree outt is tane, Wolde do harm to neygh it ought.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)23/38 : Oure Lord god forbeedis vs..to neghe it nere.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)7/201 : Take which ye will, bot negh not that.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)8/243 : Luke well, eue..that thou negh not the tree of life.
b
- (1470) Doc.Cely in ES 42 (PRO C.47/25 No.10(2))p.134 : Ebalt .. was a light man and had no gode to nyghe or to ley hand vppon.
7.
(a) To have sexual intercourse with (sb.); impregnate (sb.); ~ ner, ~ to, have sexual intercourse with (sb.); ~ side of, have intercourse with (a woman); ~ to hire side, have intercourse with (her); (b) to woo (sb.), kiss.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4491 : Þe niȝhennde wass sett..Þatt tu nan oþerr mannes wif Ne ȝeorne nohht to nehȝhenn Wiþþ unnclænnessess fule lusst.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.19.15 : Neyȝ [Corp-O: neiȝe; L appropinquetis] ȝe not to ȝour wyuys.
- ?a1400 Guy(1) (Sln 1044)629/203 : In þat first niȝt..he lay by þat swete wiȝt And neiȝhed hir fleschliche; A knave child heo conseyved sikerliche.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)621 : Þeo feondes..seide þat þey wolde fonde To neyȝhe in eorþe a maide mylde And byȝete on hire a childe.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)27b/b : Feto: to..bere chylde or to nyȝen.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15767 : vii husbandes all sere weded þat worthly wyȝght, And or þei neghed hyr nere, þei ware ded þe fyrst nyȝt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15944 : Loke ȝett at þou neght hyr noyȝt; Thre nyȝtes ȝe sall lyf chast.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)1003 : He neȝhit neuyr no naked syde Of þi lady.
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)14 : A selcowgh thyng that is to here, Þat fendus niȝyt wemen nere And makyd hom with chyld.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)739 : Þanne ortrowed Olympias þe onorable queene, Þat hee neihed þat night nye too her syde And fonded hur fleshlych or hee fare wolde.
b
- a1400 Amis (Eg 2862)1295 : Neyghed [Auch: As wis as he neuer kist þat may].
8.
(a) To consult (sb.); petition, speak to; (b) to take (sb.) into confidence, become intimate with; ~ ner, be in the confidence of (sb.); (c) to be closely related to (sb.); ~ ner.
Associated quotations
a
- (1434) RParl.5.436a : Nature byndeth me..semblably to neighe you by wey of alle trewe affeccion.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)7831 : For hys trespas I neyghed your grace.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18426 : Himm þiss bridgume onnfo To lufenn & to nehȝhenn, To shæwenn himm hiss dærne run.
- a1500 Regina celi letare In (Cmb Kk.1.6)26 : Ora pro nobis ad deum, As ȝe are sche þat neygheth hym nere.
c
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)30 : He was off þe kyngys blood, Hys eemes sone, I vndyrstood; Þerfore he neyȝyd hym nere.
9.
(a) To cause (a sickness, vengeance), lead to; ~ ner to, ~ til to, ~ unto; (b) to enter (service, the priesthood), undertake; ~ to; (c) to be inclined toward (an action), start to engage in.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.37.33 : In manye forsoþe metis shal ben infirmyte, & gredynesse shal neȝen [Dc 369(1): neȝhen; WB(2): neiȝe til to; L appropinquabit] vn to colre.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)135 : Ire..neghes neer to vengeaunce.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.2.1 : Neȝyng [Dc 369(1): neȝhende; WB(2): neiȝynge; L accedens] to þe seruage of god..greiþe þou þi soule to tempting.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)31 : Who þat niyþ to prest hed, he takiþ þe office of a criar.
c
- ?a1450(?c1400) Wycl.LFCatech.(Lamb 408)19/347 : Ȝif þy flesche neghȝe ony towching vnclene, þou may not þe dede etthwe or eschewe.
10.
To apply (medicine, a treatment), administer; duelie neighed ner, appropriately administered.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)147b/b : Dewly approximate, i. neyȝhed nere [Ch.(2): sette togidre; L approximata], þai cure of þe stone; vndewely, forsoþ, þai make þe stone.
11.
To approximate (a quantity), estimate, determine.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)147a/a : Þe quantite of þe medicyne..maye not be determined in writynge, but it sufficeþ þat þou neiȝe als nye as þou maie be oppocioun oþer compocicioun.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Ashm.750 Artist.Recipes (Ashm 750) 256/30 : Tak brazell and put it in breched water, and with þat water qwhen it negth colde anoynte þi leddyr twys or þrys, an let it drye.
Note: Glossary: "negth v. 3 sg. pr. 'approaches' (neigh + eth)".
Note: New spelling.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.19va (1.4) : In þis tyme mykil folk taken gret sekenesse be cause of vnstablenes of þe tyme by þe same skil os in ver, for þan is wynter nyghonde and somer is passand.
Note: New spelling (pr. ppl.) = nighonde.