Middle English Dictionary Entry
muchel adv.
Entry Info
Forms | muchel adv. Also (error) minchel. |
Etymology | OE micel. For forms, see adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Modifying a verb: (a) much, greatly; deeply; at length, extensively; to a considerable degree or extent; (b) as ~, also ~; as much, so much; insomuch, to such a degree or extent; as ~ as; as ~ as..as ~, insomuch as..to that extent; as so ~, insofar; so ~, as much, so much; insofar, to such a degree or extent; so ~ so, so ~ as; [cp. muchel n. 2b. (a), (b), (c); also, in as muche as & in so muche]; (c) ful ~, by very far, to a very large extent; hou ~, how much, to what extent; hou ~ that so ever, however far; never so ~, no matter how much; thus ~, to this extent; to ~, excessively, inordinately.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2953 : Þatt ȝiff þatt icc..mikell ummbeþennke Whillc gate icc muȝhe cwemenn Godd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14480 : Takesst tu..Stafflike drinnch..Þatt mikell maȝȝ þe geȝȝnenn her To winnenn heffness blisse.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)12 : Þa muchel fulieð his wil, hine solf he biswikeð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30645 : Salemone..þe wes his moddrie sune and muchel hine lufede.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)132/7 : Muchel luuede he þeo kulure.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)195 : Muchel ic abbe iwalken bi water ant bi londe.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)175 : Ðe mire is magti, mikel ge swinkeð.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)20 : Þer nas..hul non so heiȝ Þat tis..flod muchel ne ouersteiȝ.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1861 : Oc michil he frigtede for-ði Boðen symeon and leui.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)463 : Michel aiþer to oþer triste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/11 : Mochel hi wolden ham wreþi.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)181/1 : His oȝene ulesse þet mochel him playneþ and grocheþ.
- 1372 Als i lay vp-on (Adv 18.7.21)29 : I wondrede michil in my þouth.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2039 : Whan i wist of þis werk..It mislikede me mochel.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2209 : Hise flaterers..agregged muchel of this matere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2692 : The grete pacience which seintes..han had..oghte muchel stire yow to pacience.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6565 : Mikel i haf trauaild for yow.
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)142 : Who so mochil clappith, gabbith ofte.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)11/12 : Mikyl walde he fle pride.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)61b/a : It haþ wele two armys in lengþe and declines michel towarde þe lefte reyne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)71a/b : Þer is summe difference..þe whiche varieþ not mochel þe worchinge in surgerie.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)155a/a : For euerye newe wounde..schulde blede litil oþer michil.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)380 : Thes colours..comfort mekil thair siȝt.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)135/31 : And I wondre mykel of Bernard.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)9/21 : He tuke wit hym..a philosophre..whilke he traysted mekill in.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)22/21 : Þat hundez þat berkes mekill bytez men noghte so sone.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)213 : I pray þe þat thyne agaynecome glade me whame þi departynge hase mekyll myscomforthed, & solace me..whame thyne absence hase mekill hevyde.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1222 : Owe, Slawthe..Men vse þe mekyl.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)7/33 : Þat mykil harmes & in manye makiþ weye to yuel ne wil I ȝow graunte.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)213 : Mekyll comfordes me the crowne of this kyde realme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)897 : Þen merualid þam þe messangirs mekill [Dub: mykyll] of his speche.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1015/3 : He enforced hym myckyll to undo the doore.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)947 : Þank hym mycul for Ioly Robyn.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)327 : He loved mekell to playe with houndes and hawkes.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)34/12 : Ðe bið forȝolden be hundfealde, iwiss, swa mycel swa ðu bi anfealde her monnum tyðæst.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)76/10 : Þa..martyræs swa mycel forsæȝen þis andwearde lif þæt heom leofere wæs to swæltanne for þæs Hælendes namen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)25/20 : Swa muchel he luuede mannkynn, þat he is awene sune sænte.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)147/27 : Þu scalt ȝiet libben fiftene ȝear; swa michel ich habbe ieiht þi lif.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2748 : Pride ne cuðe bi ðat dai Nogt so michel so it nu mai.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.151 : Þat þe voice seide, 'als mychel as he glorified hym & was in delices, als mychel ȝiue hym to tourment & to pyne.'
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2674 : Ther fore sholde a man flee stryuynge as muchel as he myghte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.347 : I wol nat werke as muchel as a gnat.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.5.42 : So that I seie that the face of this place ne moeveth me noght so mochel as thyn owene face.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)22099 : My londys to Lende therto, assomochel as is in my power, ȝow boþe to-gederis j ȝeve ȝow her.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)26/36 : He..loueþ hem so mykel þat God holly he forȝetiþ.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)28/20 : Þat he þat..huntiþ aftir worldis louyng..but as mykil as it may falle to þe honour of God, he loueþ nouȝt þe honour of God but hys owne.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1102 : So mochel hyt amended me That..I was warished of al my sorwe.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.22.15a : I wulde þat..þi wil were alwey hool for to trauailen..also mikil as þou maiȝst, wilfulli lef hit nouȝt.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)prol.4 : In the translacioun i folow the lettere als mykyll as i may.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1764 : Godess enngleþeod Ne maȝȝ nohht unnderrstanndenn Hu mikell Cristess bede maȝȝ Towarrd hiss faderr spedenn.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.4 : How mychel wiltow preysen it?
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2021 : He schal faile ful mekil of his merk.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)38 : Wat lelpit [read: helpit] to..bost to mucil of his blys?
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1697 : He triste to mykel on his myght.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)245/9 : Howe mekylle that so euer we goo aboyfe oureselfe in our ascendynge vnto god, so mekylle we be made symple.
- a1475 A dere god haue (Brog 2.1)25 : Tho I trespas neuer so mekyll, To yowe southely I wyll amende.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)39 : Þey noy þus mikil boþ to þe ministring and to þe receyuing hem aȝen þe ordinaunce.
2a.
Modifying an adj.: much, very, extremely; ~ lik, very similar; the ~, the more (recalcitrant); to ~, excessively.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/5 : All þæt folc were þenne þe mycele wiðerweardre þam ealdermonnum.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)763 : Forrþi wass itt mikell rihht Þatt he Johan wass nemmnedd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5018 : Tatt iss swiþe mikell rihht.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2965 : Hu mochel worȝ leste þu me to walden kineriche?
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/23 : Ne þunche hire neauer wunder ȝef ha nis muchel ane.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)57/13 : Muchel hofles hit is cumen in to ancre hus..forte sechen eise þrin & meistrie.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)51.7 : He was michel worþ in his vanite.
- c1400 GGuy(1) (Tbr E.7)934 : Messes of þe trinite er mekill medeful vnto me.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6783 : Ageyns me ȝoure herte is to cruel..to fel..to mykel indurat.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3442 : Thy request Is not to mochel dishonest.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)16/18 : For þe nihtis er scorte als mikil þat te þre lescunis be noght red, bot an for þa þre.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)154/21 : Þis herbe is mekyl lyk to pedelyoun.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)42/30 : All þe erþe in þe londe of arabie..is mochel rede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)62/19 : Þis Assenech was a mekull large womman as Sarra was.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)117/29 : Þat man..ys noght mekyll long ne mekyll short.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)294 : The lordes..were mekell desolate.
2b.
Modifying a comp. adj.: (a) far, much; (b) with the: ~ the balleder, much more bald; -- used iron.; ~ the harder (more), accordingly much harder (greater); harder (greater) by that much; so ~ the werse, that much worse, so much the worse.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Te king ferde agenes him mid micel mare ferd.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)36/23 : He nolde forȝifæn his aȝenum iferum ðæt ðæt he him sceolde, mycele læsse ȝesceat þonne him sylfum wæs forȝifen.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)100/26 : Ȝif we wullæþ iþencean his oðre dæde þe mucele mare & eadmodlicre beoð, þenne maȝe we þisses þe æð ilyfæn.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/1 : Þæt wæs mucele mare & eadmodlicre þonne þæs deofles ætrine, & he hit þeah.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)112/13 : Þa tunglæn, sunne, & monæ, hæfdæn mucele mare beorhtnesse þenne heo nu habbeð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)112/31 : Swylc bið þe mon ærest on domes dæȝe swa mucele wundorlycor & brihtræ þenne he þer scinæð for þene oðerne.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2664 : Þohh wass ȝho miccle lahre Þann ure laffdiȝ..wass.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7906 : Sume sinndenn i þiss lif Off miccle lasse mahhte.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12417 : Sahh he þe Laferrd Crist Don miccle mare dede Þann aniȝ mann maȝȝ forþenn her Þurrh eorþliȝ kindess mahhte.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13902 : Miccle bettre iss þiss till uss To sen.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19566 : Þatt miccle mare genge Off Lerninngcnihhtess wass att himm.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)25 : Þes hundes..laȝe þe..bið muchele fulre þene he wes earðon.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD (Lamb 487)41 : Seofe leies..þe alle weren..muchele strengre þen eani þurg to þolien.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4346,4348 : Þu eært muchele betere cniht..& þu eær muchele ahtere & ec mare hærdere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9911 : Wel riche wes Aruiragus and mucle ricchere Maurius.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)141/25 : Mid muchel mare eiȝe and luue þu auȝhst to cumen to-foren gode.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)28/19 : Þah þu strong were..he wes muchele strengre.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)906 : Wi nultu singe an oder þeode Þar hit is muchele more neode?
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))386 : He one is muchele mare & betere þanne alle oþere þinges.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1893 : Willam wendut grop a tre Mikel grettere þan his þre [read: þe].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1528 : Wel muchel moore I oghte auysed be To whom I yeue my body.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)451 : Noght pere allan, bot mikul mare.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)9382 : Sonne & mone..Had seuen so michel more liȝt.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)19/26 : Wyd mekil mare deuociun ahte ye þanne at pray to god.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)180b/a : Þer is mochel lesse difference atwixe þe naturel complexioun of hem and þe complexioun þat is lasse.
- a1500 PNoster R.Hermit (Trin-C O.1.29)38/5 : Of mekile more pris & of worthynes vnto hym.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16508 : Þa wes..Aldorf muchele þe balder.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)392 : His angoisse was mochil [vrr. mekill, mycull] þe more.
- ?c1430(a1400) Wycl.Wedded Men (Corp-C 296)199 : Ȝef wifis favouren and meyntenen siche ypocritis..it is so mochel þe worse.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1260 : So mekyl þe werse, weleawoo, Þat euere good aungyl was ordeynyd þe.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.52.35b : Þanne it is mikel þe hardere.
3.
Modifying a comp. adv.: (a) much; ~ biforen, long before; ~ er biforen, very long beforehand; so ~ swithor, as much sooner; so ~ werse, so much worse; accordingly much (sooner, worse); so ~..so ~, the more..so much the more; (b) with the: ~ (a) the bettre (lesse, more, wodlier, etc.) better (less, more, madder, etc.) by that much; accordingly much better (less, more, madder, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)24/29 : Mycele swyðor mæȝ þe Almihtiȝæ Wealdend his leomen senden.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)74/29 : His nomæ weaxæð wunderlice on us swa mycel swiðor swa he mid heom is ið[r]yht.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)80/32 : Þonne fællæð he stedeleas..swa mucele wyrsse, swa he forðor stop.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)116/15 : Þa haliȝ witegæn, þa ðe..alle imænelice mycel ær biforen Cristes þrowungæ sæden?
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/8 : A swa mycele swiðor swa he þa swetnesse þæs heofenlice lifes on his mode ifeleð, swa mucele swiðor him biteriæð & unswetiæþ alle þas eorðlice þing.
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)122 : Steorre he vas icleped muchel er he iboren vere.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)134 : Þu miht..muchele bet biseon to me þen ich kunne siggen.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)18.11 : Desiderable minchel more þan gold.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.386 : Yet muchel more he thoughte What for to speke.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10020 : Paynyms..plessed hym mekyll more.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3201 : He mochul a þa wodeloker wilnede þeos mæidenes.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)242 : Pilat..dred mekill þe mare.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)754 : Þou schalt..fare mekyl þe bette.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11808 : For his yll lyfyng men mened hym mekyll þe lese.
4.
Modifying an inf. or a ppl.: very, highly, much, greatly; ~ lavande, hugely surging; ~ spekand, loquacious, talkative; to ~, inordinately.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)4/20 : Ða heo þet ihyrdon, þa weron heo mucel iblissode.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)12/6 : Ða wearð moyses mycel idrefed.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)220/19 : Ȝe mahen muchel beon þurh ham igodet & iwurset.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/15 : Herodes..was michel anud, and alle hise men.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)10301 : Þo wes Seuarus heap mochel ibolded.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)60 : Michel was svich a king to preyse.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)94 : Wan he had þat lazre rerid Þar for was he muchil ipreisid.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)850 : Þanne was..meliors muchel y-gladed.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1490 : Mochel was he mened of more & of lasse.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.132 : In curteisie was set ful muchel hir lest.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.273 : To muchel am I peyned for the thynges that I neuere deserued.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2668 : Thelaphus..seith that he is mochel holde.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.42 : Alle was þorgh Edrik, þat mykelle was to blame.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)366 : Þe mukel lavande loghe to þe lyfte rered.
- a1425 Primer Dirige (Wht)61/16 : My soule is mykil troublid.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)975 : Þan es our mekenes mykil at prase.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)662 : Gladly spende, For þat is mekill to commende.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)841 : He sayde he meruayled muche of þatte Þat kynge Edgar was so mechel adredde.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)113/37 : Sire, forȝeue me my dettes..for I am mochel entedted aȝens þe.
- c1450 Okure þrow (Eg 2810)p.230 : Þe thride maner of okure kyde Is þis þat is myculle here hyde.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)245/10 : Howe mekylle that so euer we goo aboyfe oureselfe in oure ascendynge vnto god, so mekylle we be made symple.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.28.18a : As whanne þei han felid a litil grace, þei wene þat hit is so mikil passende oþer þat þei fallen in veine glorie.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)81a : Mekyll spekand: multiloquus.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)206 : Oo doughtir..of her Fadir mekell loved.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)830 : Full mykyll owte thy name for to be magnyfyed.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)69/161 : Certes, to the occupyer is mokel appeyred.
5.
Modifying a prep. phrase: considerably, much; continually, often.
Associated quotations
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)29/470 : Ha schal his wil, muchel hire unwil, drehen..wið muche weane ofte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)125/20 : Sein Bartholomew, þe muchel wes ibenen.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)114 : Þi þout is mochel on þi catel.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)118 : Mi þouȝt is..Mochel on mi marchaundise.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.42 : Þai hadden þe hert..mychel in þe affeccioun of charite.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2776 : Tullius seith that no sorwe..is so muchel ageyns nature as a man to encresse his owene profit to the harm of another man.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.3026 : This were a cruel sentence and muchel ageyn resoun.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.35 : On the dede cors..Ful myculle his thoȝte was on.
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.55va : It [viz., 'celifolia'] is but mannes foot hey, & vp toward þe top, smale bowes not finger lengthe, & in euery top redisch floures, 2 or 3 & seed in schap & color mikil toward betoyne seed, saue lesse.