Middle English Dictionary Entry
muchel n.
Entry Info
Forms | muchel n. Also (early sg. gen.) myceles, mucheles. |
Etymology | OE micel. For forms, see adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Much, a great deal (of sth.), a large amount or quantity (of sth.); ~ to harm, a great deal of harm; ~ to god, a large amount of goods, a great deal of good; (b) connen ~, to be wise; connen (knouen) ~ of, know much about (sth.), have experience or expertise in (sth.); connen ~ of lore, be scholarly; don so ~, do so much (as to accomplish sth.); maken so ~, take such pains (as to effect sth.); mouen ~, be versatile, be (a person) of many accomplishments; setten ~ bi, attach great value to (sth.), take (sth.) seriously; witen ~ of, know (sb.) well, know much about (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1101 : His men mycel to hearme æfre gedydon.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1102 : Þa coman þeofas..& breokan þa mynstre of Burh & þær inne naman mycel to gode on golde & on seolfre.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1114 : Forþi þat he..dyde mycel to gode.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)48/1 : Þæs rihtwisen bed mycel fremeð ætforen Gode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/3-4 : Þam ðe Drihten mycel sylþ, myceles he him eft æt biddæþ; & þam þe he her on worlde mucel to forlæteþ, mucel he to þam eft seceð.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)185/9 : Her nabbe ich nout mucheles to ȝelden ðe.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)47 : Sone muchel a hire boden ant more a hire biheite.
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)24 : Muchel ich habbe ispened; to lite ich habbe an horde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)882 : Mikel he bat.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1728 : Ðo sag laban ðat iacob bi-gat Michil, and him mislikede ðat.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)289 : Þer man mai sen on þe ston Mochel of þis werldes wisdom.
- c1390 Swete Ihesu now (Vrn)264 : Ihesu, Muchel Ich owe þe.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)925 : Here may men se als writen es, Mikel of mans wrechednes.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2781 : Mekyl of hys lyf he hath myspent.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2458 : Myse..mochil of thaire corne..distroy.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)67 : Þe Kyngys men oon to me A M pounde..Owe he ouȝt mycull in þis cuntre?
- c1450 Eglam.(Clg A.2)872 : Mykyll of solas haue I sene; Thys chyld God has me sent.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)19 : And þat nusten heo nawiht swa muchel of him swa we witen.
- a1350 My deþ (Hrl 2253)29 : Whil y wes a clerc..wel muchel y couþe of lore.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1528 : Þe quen, þat michel can, Out of his hose it toke.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)175 : Michel he couþe of hauk & hounde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1412 : He was a man that mochel myhte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2251 : The scherte..hath such a grace, That if sche mai so mochel make That he the scherte upon him take, He schal alle othre lete in vein.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.908 : I..beseche Unto..Cupido, That he so mochel wolde do So as he is of love a godd, To smyte hem.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1241 : Syn ye so muchel knowen of that art.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)138 : For of astronomye and nygromaunce Couþe non so mychel, saunz dotaunce.
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Heng)A.467 : She koude muchel of wandrynge by the weye.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)50 : Mekyl he cowde off Goddys werk.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)45 : If þei..setten mikil bi þer oun tradiciouns.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1675 : Gaheriet and..gawayne And mordreite that mykelle couthe of wrake.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)6451 : That ye will doo so mekill as take ye payn To come..hir fader for to se.
1b.
Many people; a large number (of a group of people); also, many things; mani and ~; ~ of mankin(d, ~ of mi peple, etc.; sen ~, to anticipate or foresee many things.
Associated quotations
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1138 : Men..sloghen suithe micel of his genge.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/10 : He wyle mucel habbæn of þissen middenearde, of al moncynne, to his..blisse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16838 : Godess laȝhe & Godess rihht..Þeȝȝ didenn mikell fallenn dun.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23516 : He..brohten hine of fleme mid muclen his folke.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)536 : Manie & mikle cume ðe sacande.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)226 : In ðat sweuene he let him sen Mikel ðat after sulde ben.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.201 : I se so mykel after, Shal neuer þe cat..bi my conseille be greued.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)990 : Mekyl of mankynd in my clokys schal be knyth.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1016 : Mikille of my people have thay slayn.
1c.
Dimension or size (of sb. or sth.); of god ~, having a good physique, well built; of eyes: pleasing in their size, well proportioned; ben wel proporciouned of ~, of a people: to have good bodily dimensions, be physically well shaped; the miriest in his ~, of a man: having the finest physique (anywhere), being the best built (of men).
Associated quotations
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.182 : Þre leodes in o lith, non lenger þan other; Of one mochel and myȝte in mesure and in lengthe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)142 : Half etayn in erde I hope þat he were; Bot mon most I algate mynn hym to bene, & þat þe myriest in his muckel þat myȝt ride.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)96/12 : Þer er in þat land..grete snyles..as it ware of þe mykill of a mannes thee.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)103/15 : Pigmens, whilk er men of litill stature..bot þai er riȝt faire and wele proporciound of þaire mykill.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)454 : Than found I..A wonder wel-farynge knyght..Of good mochel, and ryght yong therto.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)861 : Whiche eyen my lady hadde! Debonaire..Symple, of good mochel, noght to wyde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3741 : Agamynon þe gay was of a gode mykull.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6246 : Þat Galathe..Of whose mykill & might & mayn strenght Dares..me tellus.
2a.
In phrases with reference to amount or quantity: as ~, also ~, so ~, even ~, as much, so much, that amount, the same amount; as ~ as, so ~ as (so), also ~ as (so), as much as; hou ~, what amount (of sth.), how much; iliche ~, an equal amount; never so ~, no matter how much; to ~, an excessive amount, too much.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)70.8/3 : Ȝenim þas ylcan wyrt absinthium & hara-huna & elehtran, ealra ȝelice micel.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/21-22 : Beȝyte man hym rudan, swa mycel swa he mæȝe mid hys han byfon, and eorðjui ealswa micel and laurtreowes leaf em mycel oððer þæra beriȝa nigon and seoþ hit eall togadere on wætera.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)36/12 : Hundteontiȝ peneȝæ bið tyn siðes tene, swa mycel sceolde þe mon þam þeȝene.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : He wule festen and eaten, ȝif he mei, et ane mele swa muchel swa et twam.
- a1250 Lofsong Louerde (Nero A.14)213 : Ne ȝif þu me nouðer to muchel ne to lutel.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)34/2,9 : Considre ek how mochel in the same lymbe is by twixe the hed of aries & the lyne of hix aux þt yit is in the lattere ende of libra..& so mochel rekne after succession of signes in his litel cercle.
- (1423) RParl.4.256b : On peine of forfeiture of the double value of al so mekill as he bieth or selleth in contrarie of the..ordynaunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5625 : And though it falle..That all betyme spare shall he As mochel as shal to hym suffice.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.53 : But yowr glorye..how mochel conteneth it in largesse and in greet doynge?
- (1437) RParl.4.503b : xx s. shall alway be delyvered..for paymentz of the wages..yef so mekill be necessarie yerto.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.555 : A mene is best..To mekil is nouht, nor ouer-gret plente.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)3/12 : Drynke þer-of at morne a saucerfull calde, and at euen als mekil hate.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)89 : Haue he neuere so mykyl, ȝyt he wold haue more.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)9/31 : Þis lettyng..þat of oure mede so mykil vs fro reueþ.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)300/206 : Take jws of rubarbe..And as mekyl of eysyl.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)111/15-16 : Take þe sede of pellettre and also mekil of pepir, and to so mykil of henbane.
2b.
In phrases with reference to degree or extent: (a) bi hou ~, to what degree or extent; of so ~, unto so ~, to such an extent; so ~ so, so much as; so ~ so..so ~, to such an extent..to that extent; with as ~ as he mighte, to the extent that he was able, as skillfully as he could; (b) for as (so) ~ as, insomuch as, insofar as; because, since [cp. for as much, for so much]; (c) in as (also) ~ as, to the degree or extent that, insofar as; in so ~, to such an extent, to that extent; [cp. in as muche as & in so muche].
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Ic for beode..þat ge nan onsting ne hauen of þat mynstre buton swa micel swa þone abbot wile.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)114/1-2 : Swa mucel swa he bið on his dæde bætere þene þe oðer, swa mycele mare mæde & ædlean he sceal underfon.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)20/325 : Þu mahte bi þe degrez of hare blisse icnawen hwuch & bi hu muchel þe an passeð þe oþre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2431 : Yit hadde I nevere such matiere Wherof min herte myhte amende, Noght of so mochel that sche sende Be mowthe and seide, 'Griet him wel.'
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.27 : He sang with as mochel as he myghte of wepynge.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)60/3 : Þe flude..sparrid vp þe kurk-duris & þe wyndows..vnto so mekull þat mekle peple..war sparrid in with þe watir & myghte not wyn oute.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)145/22 : Hur moder..blamyd hur & reprovid hur þerfor, vnto so mekle, sho slew hur moder.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1223 : For as muchel as this goode man And..this monk..Were..yborn in o village, The monk hym claymeth as for cosynage.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)2/22 : For als mykill as it es lang tyme passed sen þare was any general passage ouer þe see..I John Mawndevyle..schall tell þe way þat þai schall hald þider.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2481 : For al so mykyl as he slew hym selven, In kyrke ȝarde men wolde hym nout delve.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.142 : For as mekyl as þat reuerence..Acordeth not..wiþ conscience..Than may we..knawen..Þat honour hath..no beaute..worþi to þat dignite.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30176 : For alsmekyll as I garte seese Codirston lande..I wald thai were gevyn as mych as..myght be boght.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2644 : Where as ye seyn that fortune hath norisshed yow fro youre childhode, I seye that in so muchel shal ye the lasse truste in hire.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19596 : Sua aght all priestes..In als mikel als in þaim es.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)210/3 : A wounde, in als mykel as it is a wounde, nedeþ to be dreyed and..streynede.
- a1450(?a1400) Wycl.Eucharist(2) (Cld E.3 & Tbr C.7)500 : Þe bodely etyng ne profites nouth to soule but in als mykul as þe soule is fedde with charite.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)252/17 : Owre schadowe ȝit in so mykylle of the lyght of the sonne is schyned that we maye lere discernynge of vertues and alle treuthe vnto oure mortalle state necessary.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30228 : Sir Thomas besechith his said feffez..that this present will be performed in every poynte in als mykell as thei may.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3a : Hit mai be callid a partie of contemplacion in also mikil as hit is a siht of Sothfastnesse.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)197 : He was taken in her love in so mekell that he laye in his bedde.
3.
In phrases with reference to a person's rank or importance: (a) fro litel unto ~, from the lowliest people to the loftiest, one and all; litel and ~, ~ and litel, the lowly and the great, everyone; the ~, the spiritually great ones, the faithful; the ~ and the litel [see litel n. 2. (b)]; (b) holden (leten) ~ of, to think much of (oneself), aggrandize (oneself), consider (oneself) great; maken ~ of, lavish attentions on (sb.); make much of (sb.), consider (sb.) important.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)433-4 : Ðe mikel ne maig he to him dragen; ðe mikle i mene ðe stedefast.
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)78 : Muchel & litel hit louede þe.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1156 : Litel & michel, lasse & mare, Al þat euer in court ware, Þai þouȝt it hadde ben so.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 25.26 : Al þe puple..fro litil vn to michil..camyn in to egipt.
- c1390 Mannyng HS, Mir.CC (Vrn)196 : So schaltou beo luytel in wille, Luytel and Muchel [vr. meke].
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)65/1 : Mekylle and littille [vr. Lytylle and mykille], olde and ȝynge, Herkyns..to my talkynge.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)5/14 : Ic habbe..michel ilaten of me seluen.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)11/9 : Mikil o me ne held I noht to praise me-self.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)14/12 : I wil be herberd with hur, for sho makis mekill of me.
4.
In phrases with reference to the meaning of a term or statement: as ~ as, as ~ to menen, of an allegorical term: meaning, representing; ben as ~ as, ben as ~ at seien, ben as ~ to bimenen, seien as ~ as, of a proper noun: to mean (sth.), be translatable as meaning (sth.); ben thus ~..for to seien, of a commandment: imply (sth.), mean (sth.) in other words.
Associated quotations
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)4/27 : Syon wes..icleopet þe hehe tur of ierusalem & syon ase muchel on englische ledene ase heh sihðe [Tit: seið syon ase muchel..as heh sihðe] & bitacneð þis tur.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)186 : Sothle Ihesu es als mykel to be-mene os sauyour.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)148/6 : Prestre Iohn, þat es als mykill at say as, Preste Iohn.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)94 : Thou sal kepe wel thi haliday; That is thus mekel openly for to say: Put fro the synne and bodely werkyng.
- a1475 PPl.A(1) (Ashm 1468)10.39 : Mechil [Trin-C: caro it hatte, As muche to mene þat man with his soule].
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.12 : Cherubyn is als mykel as fulnes of conynge.
5.
In proverbs.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3055 : Al swa muchel swa þu hauest, men þe wllet luuien.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8519 : He þat mikel has for to tell, þe scortliker he aght to spell.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)66 : Mekill [vr. mykyll] wolde hafe mare.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)69 : It costith nat mekyl to be hoote.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)467-8 : Who mekel takes in town or felde, Of mekil behoues þam reknig ȝelde.
- a1450 Bot witt pas (Add 37049)100 : He þat makes to myche of lytell, It sal be long or he hafe mykell.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)661 : If þou hafe mekyll, gladly spende.
- c1450(?c1390) ?Chaucer Prov.(Benson-Robinson)7 : Whoso mochel wol embrace, Litel therof he shal distreyne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4397 : Bot ay mekill wald haue mare, as many man spellis.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.97 : Who so mychel haþ, of mychel þing haþ nede.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.49 : Mykull wulle more.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.2.2b : Ȝif he mikel haue, mikel do.
- c1450 I see a Rybane (Clg A.2)36 : Whoo speketh mykyll, sum he most spylle.