Middle English Dictionary Entry
mǒus n.
Entry Info
Forms | mǒus n. Also mouse, mousse, mouce, mus(e, musse, mose, mosse; pl. mīs(e, mice, mies(se, mijs, miȝs, misz, mizs, misse & muis, muse & me(e)s, meis. |
Etymology | OE mūs, pl. mȳs. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A mouse; also, a shrewmouse [quot.: Lanfranc]; feld ~ [see feld n. 4b. (1)]; water ~, q.v.; (b) a representation of a mouse; (c) as a type of the timid, weak, or insignificant; mouses herte, a coward; (d) in proverbial sayings.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)53 : Þurh þe sweote smel of þe chese, he bicherreð monie mus to þe stoke.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)591 : Wan ich flo niȝtes after muse, Imai þe uinde ate rum huse.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)713 : Chat, rat, et soriz: Cat, ratoun, and mouse.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.11.29 : Among pollute þynges sholen be holde..a wesele & amous and a cokedrille.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 5.6 : Þe townys & feeldis buyledyn-out in þe myddel of þat regiown & mijs [L mures] ben born.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.297 : While a myȝti man sat at þe feste, muys [Higd.(2): myce] bysette hym sodenliche al aboute.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.144 : She wolde wepe if that she sawe a mous Caught in a trappe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3346 : If she had been a mous And he a cat, he wolde hir hente anon.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)215b/a : Wormode kepiþ and saueþ bookes and cloþis fro fretynge of myes and of wormes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)269a/a : Þe wesile..fighteþ nameliche aȝeins serpentes þat eteþ muys, ffor þe wesile hunteþ & eteþ muys.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5383 : For þou ȝyuest myys to ȝete Þat was ordeyned to mannys mete.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)190/20 : R[ecipe]..poudre of litil meis [L suricum] brent.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.197 : Many mannus malt we mys wolde destruye.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)115/8 : [Owls] anyȝt flen to take muys and ratouns.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)116/14 : Þus þei cacchen wiþ here mametrie, as it were wiþ þe deuelis chese, his muse and his ratouns.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)31/14 : Whan it reyneth ones in the somer in the lond of Egipt, þanne is all the contree full of grete myzs [Man.(2): mysz; F sorez].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)165/15 : Þei eten houndes..rattes & mees.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)123a/b : He praiseþ murez, i. myse, aduste & cortices of wyne treez adust incorperate wiþ hony.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)64/25 : Ratouns and myesse.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5420 : Whan that the mees [vrr. mes; mormees], hidous & horrible, Aryued up off Archadie..the beestis..Frut, greyn, and corn dede mortali deuoure.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)71/13 : Þare come oute of þe redez a grete multitude of mysz, als grete als foxes, and ete up þe dede bodys.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)154/1 : Þe poudre of þis herbe medled with a lytyl growel schal slen myis.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)416/28 : Howris of þe day & of þe nyght, as a white mowce and a blak, cuttis it [the length of life] down.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)121/20 : In clothys lost wyth motthys & wyth myȝs..manye pore folk myȝte a be relevyd & holpen.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3241 : To pipe as doith a mowse, I woll hym tech.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.190 : My Lord Persy and all this house Recomaund them to yow, dogge, catte, and mowse.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16 (Hrl 2340)16 : Take a mowse and open hym, and anoynt the place.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)119a/a : Summen taken þe skyne of a mous newe flayn and hoot leid on þe brennynge.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)45b : A ffell for misse: muscipula, decipula.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)665 : He seide that he hadde nede therof in his house for rattes and mees.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)753/7 : Musculus: a lytyl mus.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 6.11 : Þe litle cofre..hadde þe goldene mijs & þe licnesse of arsis.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 14.12 : Goþ in & arereþ hym, for myys goon out of þer caues ben hardi to clepen forþ vs to bataile.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3572 : And every man was fledd aside For drede and lefte his oghne hous; And ate laste it was a Mous, The which was bore and to norrice Betake.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3024 : Whi be ȝe so dismaied..Ferful for drede as a litel mows.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.736 : Thow wrecched mouses herte, Artow agast so that she wol the bite?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.35-7 : Now yif thou saye a mows among othere mys that chalanged to hymself-ward ryght and power over alle othere mys, how gret scorn woldestow han of it!
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7981 : Many Gregeis made he loute; Ector hem sclow, as it were mys.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)785 : How every speche, or noyse, or soun..Thogh hyt were piped of a mous, Mot nede come to Fames Hous.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.83ra : Myes [L (Vulg. Judith 14.12): mures] ben gon out of their caues & ben hardy to calle vs to bataylle.
- a1500 When nettuls (BodPoet e.1)p.269 : Whan..cammels in the ayer tak swalows and larkes And myse move movntans with wagyng of ther tayles.
d
- a1350 Mon in þe mone (Hrl 2253)31 : When þat he is dronke ase a dreynt mous, þenne we schule borewe þe wed ate bayly.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1261 : We faren as he that dronke is as a mous.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1643 : What mai the Mous ayein the Cat?
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.572 : I holde a mouses herte nat worth a leek, That hath but oon hole for to sterte to.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)106.27 : Þai ere dreued and ere stired als dronken mis.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)21/23 : Þou ert cropen out of þe lande of Sethym..to ryotte & playe..as myesse douse in þe house whare na cattes ere.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12998 : I lese wyt and resoun..Mad and dronke as ys A mous.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.OFools (LdMisc 683)95 : An hardy mous..is bold to brede In cattys eris.
2.
In cpds. and combs.: (a) ~ cacche (falle, snach, stok, trappe), a mousetrap; also fig.; (b) ~ drit (dong, tord), the excrement of a mouse; ~ hole, mousehole; mis-flour, ?flour for mice; mis-furre, ?the fur or pelt of a mouse; ~ sleere, mouse killer, a coward; ~ tail, mouse tail; ~ takere, one who traps mice; (c) in plant names: ~ ballok, an unidentified plant with small testicle-shaped leaves; ~ dode, mouseheap; prob. white sedum (Sedum album); ~ fecche, mousevetch, some variety of mouse pea (?Lathyrus pratensis, ?Lathyrus macrorrhizus); ~ oinion, ?some kind of small onion; (d) as adj.: ~ don, ~ hered, mouse-colored.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)53 : Þeos wimmen þe þus luuieð beoð þes deofles musestoch.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.14.11 : Þe creatures of god in to hate ben maad..& in to a moose cacche [WB(2): trappe; L muscipulam] to þe feet of vnwise men.
- (1389) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.168 : [One] mosefalle.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)117/4 : Þei ben þe deuelis mousecacche wiþ here maumetrie.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)43a/a : Muscipula: a mous snacche.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)147 : Falle or mows trappe: Muscipula, decipula.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)347 : Mowsfalle: Muscipula.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)83a : A mowse trape: muscipula.
- a1500 Gloss Dict.Garland (Hrl 1002)132 : Muscipula [glossed:] a musse stocke.
- c1500 O lorde so (Hnt EL 1160)13 : Ser Iohn ys taken In my mouse-trappe.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)293a/b : Mouse dryt y-powned wiþ vynegre clenseþ þat yuel allopicia and kepeþ and saueþ þe heed fro fallyng of heer.
- (1420-21) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.509 : ii mantellis martyn throtez, ii mantellis misefurre.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)43a/a : Muricida: a mou sleer.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)41b : Medill þe poudyr of him with rattis and myse floure, and that quellith rattis and myse.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)157b/b : Waterlechez..ar a maner blacke wormes to þe shap of a mouse taile.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)162b/b : If þer were incorperate..a litil de stercore muris, i. of mouse dird, þai war þe more stronge.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)425/29 : Take of..bitter almandes, of þe heeres of a beere..of myse donge.
- c1475 Medit.Pass.(1) (Rwl C.285)118 : Cowardis and hertles..sal be so stade þat þai sal wille crepe in a moushool.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)83a : A mowse [Monson: Mosse] hole: Amfractus. A mowse slaer: muricida. A mowse [Monson: Mowsse] taker: muscipulator..A mowse torde: musterda.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1953 : For feere..I wold haue cropyn in a mouse hoole.
c
- ?a1425 Alphita (Sln 284)184 : Testiculus muris folia habet ualde parua: museballok.
- ?a1425 Alphita (Sln 284)190 : Vermicularis maior, tetroselion idem..andrede uel musedode.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)498/15 : Mouse oynoun [L cepa muris] yrosted with oyle of onyfanyn is praysede of Avicen.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)67/39 : Gyff þam at drynk þer-of arely at þe morne & late at euen of þe grettnes of a mousfiche.
d
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.832 : Next hem in merit is dyuers hued: Black bay, & permixt gray, mousdon also.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.913 : A staloun asse..al blaak Or moushered or reede is to been hadde.
3.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.45].
Associated quotations
- (1154-63) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)65 : Musecote. Musecotes.
- (1160-76) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)111 : Mussetuna.
- (1162) in Pipe R.Soc.516 : Rogerus Mushunte.
- (1198) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.9123 : Willelmus Museberd.
- (a1200) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)111 : Museton'.
- (1209-35) EPNSoc.10 (Nhp.)27 : Mosecothe.
- (1218) Justice in Eyre R.in Seld.Soc.53102 : Roscelin Mus.
- (1274) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)646 : Mosebiri.
- (c1280) Bk.Vale Royal in LCRS 68 (Hrl 2064)202 : Nicholas le Mous.
- (1281) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)646 : Mousebur'.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.6676 : Et de 3 d. rec' de Cristina le Mous.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2147 : Ricardo Mouse.
- (1305) in Ekwall PNLan.65 : Musdene.
- (1330) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)368 : Mousehole.
- (1343) Court R.Ramsey134 : Adam Mous.
- (1347) in Wallenberg PNKent74 : De Mousherst.
- (1417) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)65 : Muscoites.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 1234 : Thomas Mous.
- (1494) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)356 : Moselege, Moseley.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450 Diseases Horse (Yale 163)26 : A mouse donne is best next.
Note: New combination: ~ don, 'mouse brown'.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. mouse.