Middle English Dictionary Entry
mirth(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | mirth(e n. Also merth(e, mirght, (early) mirhthe, mireȝthe, merhþe, merhðe, merȝþe, merchþe, meruþe, (error) mehrþe & (chiefly S & W) murth(e, muirth, murðhe, murgȝþe, murghe, murȝe, (early) murhthe, murhde, murȝþe, murcð(e, murihðe, muruhðe, murehthe, mureȝþe, murȝeðe, mureþe, murithe, murhȝe; pl. mirthes, etc. & (early) murhðen, murhden, muruhðen, merðæ. |
Etymology | OE myrgþ |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The feeling of joy or state of happiness; delight, gladness [sometimes difficult to distinguish from 2.]; also, a person's pleasure, enjoyment (of sb. or sth.); ~ of herte; in (on, mid, with) ~, with mirthes, joyously, happily, gladly; worldes ~, worldly pleasure; (b) drauen ~, to obtain happiness; geten ~, be happy (in the company of sb.); obtain happiness (from sb.); haven ~, rejoice, be glad; live happily; haven ~ of, be delighted by (sb. or sth.), derive pleasure from (sth.), enjoy the company of (sb.), be happy on behalf of (sb.); haven ~ at (of) herte; haven ~ in lond (on mold); maken mirth(es, be happy, be delighted (by sth., with sth.); -- also refl.; menden ~ [see menden 2. (c)]; mahoun meng you with ~, may Mahomet grant you happiness; meten mirthes, achieve happiness; missen mirthes, be deprived of happiness, be miserable; taken ~, be delighted (by sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)13 : Murðhe sculen wunian on londe þet bið..under mire onwalde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6850 : He..inne blisse leouede, his leode to murhðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8971 : Heo wuneden here..mid selcuðe murȝeþe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14822 : He & alle his cnihtes iwenden..to-ȝeines þan biscopen, & mid michelere murhðe, muðes þer custen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17104 : Muchel wes þe murhȝe i þan mon-uerede.
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)66/568 : As imet sweuen aswindeð hire murhðen.
- ?a1300 Thrush & N.(Dgb 86)79 : Þe mest murþe þat mon haueþ here, Wenne hoe is maked to his fere In armes for to wende.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)682 : If I nere into þis tur icume, Wiþ mireȝþe þu miȝtest herinne wune.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1287 : Þempour wiþ moche merþe his men þan meled.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3350 : Al murghe was him by-rafte.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3440 : Lyue we our lyf on murȝe aþrowe Wyle we buþ her enclos.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.30.23 : Myrþe of herte þat is þe lijf of man.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.31.35 : Wyn in myrthe [WB(2): gladnesse] is foormed, not in drunkenhed, fro the bigynnyng.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.31.41 : In the feste of wyn, vndernyme thou not a neȝhebore and dispise thou not hym in the myrthe of it.
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)48/7 : So ledeþ he is lyf in a mournynge murþe, in wele wo, in a glad serwe.
- c1390 Mi word (Vrn)19 : Anoþer mon proudeþ..Whon murþe is his & Mourning myn.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1403 : This lusty game A mannes myrthe..wol turne in to grame.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3371 : Wit mikel mirth..Was broght til hus þat maiden schene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.431 : For þe I am..supprised with myrth þoruȝ myn herte.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3036 : Al his myrth [vrr. murthe, merthe, merth], plesaunce, and confort Was in this child.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.401 : It is betere to men to lyve here a simple liif and come after to hevene for mekenesse of þe herte þan after myche myrþe here be dampned in helle.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)199 : Gyff matynes or messes myghte oghte mendene thi mysse..my myrthis ware the mare.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1532 : Sir, here commez thy messangerez with myrthez fro þe mountez.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1406 : For werldys myrþe I morne more.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)79/188 : God mayntayne you..And mekill myrthe be you emell.
- ?a1450 Þer ys no merth (Dc 257)2 : Þer ys no merth yn noþir; A man þat haþ yteyd hym vp May nawht chese anoþir.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.30 : Man..alas..hathe loste his richesse and honour His mirthe, his ioye, and all his olde welfare.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)102/16 : With grete merthe he sent a cow to þe woman.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)81b : Myrthe, vbi joy.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)335 : Lasshit..a leme..Þat spakly sprent my spyrit with unsparid murthe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)64/3 : Such worldys murthe makyth a man to forȝete his God.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)3 : He..lokid yn þe myrour, and he lowȝ with a gret myrth.
b
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)65 : Vmbe while y am to whene when y shal murþes meten.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)80-1 : Al y weolewe away to noht when y shal murþes mete. To mete murþes ich wes wel fous ant comely mon ta calle.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.18.22 : Who fyndeþ a good womman..shal drawen merthe of þe lord.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.11.25 : Moyses..chesynge more for to be turmentid with the peple of God than for to haue myrthe of temperal synne.
- c1390 NHom.Virg.to Devil (Vrn)56 : He þouhte him self vnhende ȝif he ne heold þat he him bad þorwh whom so muchel murþe he had.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3149 : Whan..I hir se noght..Of whom I scholde merthe take, Me list noght longe forto wake.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11067 : Quen iohn was born..His frendes..had of hir [Elizabeth] ful mikel mirth.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11031 : Aȝeyn him made he murþes newe.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11079 : Alle made murþe of þat beryng.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.60 : Pacience was proude of þat propre seruice And made hym muirth with his mete.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1871 : More myrþe of þat mon moȝt ho not gete.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)27/3 : Calays men, now mai ȝe care..Mirth on mold get ȝe no mare.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2041 : Whanne I hadde kissed his mouth..I hadde sich myrthe and sich likyng, It cured me of langwisshing.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)136 : Þa[n] xul we ben in pes..And auyn merth in lond.
- a1450 I saw a swete (Add 5666)98 : I saw..A blisful birde..That murnyng made and mirth of mange.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)316 : Þe mody kynge hade myrthe at his hert.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12262 : I wened when I yt bare to make me myrth euer more.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14959 : Sen I so lang haue myrthes myst, lord, spare me now.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)250 : He hade no myrth of þat mote.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)747 : Ho had myrth of his mouthe To here his tithand.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.886 : These nygardes..ley vp..gold and..In al her lyue þei may not tende þer-too To haue oo myrthe or ony weelfare.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)35/189 : I am..cursyd of god..I may nevyr make merthis mo.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)164/70 : Oure savyour is come..þerfore haue I grett merth to wende.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)166/1 : Moste myghty mahowne meng you with myrth.
2.
(a) Eternal bliss, salvation; the joys of heaven, spiritual joy; heven-rich(es ~, soverain ~, the) eche ~, etc.; meine of ~, the heavenly hosts, saints in heaven; (b) bringen to mirthes, to restore (Adam) to eternal life; comen (gon, wenden) to ~, meten with ~, be saved, attain salvation; ben met with ~, be blessed; meten mirthes, grant the joys of salvation (to mankind); forlesen (lesen, missen) ~, forfeit salvation, be damned; (c) as epithet for God or Christ.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/1 : Eadiȝe beoð þa ðeowæs..for þam þe he heom set ofer alle his gode, þæt is, ofer alle neorcxnæwonges murhðe.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)76/10 : Iseliȝe beoð þa..þæt heo þa ecan murhðe moten habben mid Gode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)110/21,22 : Ure murhþe & ure wuldor & ure blisse is on heofene. To þam murhðe..we sceolen becumen þurh Gode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)120/24 : Þa wolde he..heom cuþan, mid þam heofenlice murhðe þe heo þær isæȝen, hu wlitiȝ his haliȝ lichame beon sceolde æfter his upriste.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/7 : Þær ȝe beoð mid me wuniende on heofene rice murhþe on eower Drihtines ansyne.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/24 : Heo iseoð þare soðfestræ & englæ murhðe.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)221 : Se almihti sceappende..hi alle adrefde of heofan rices mirhðe.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)221 : Mid þare æðelice hyrsumnesse þu ȝearnest hefen rices merhðe.
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)396 : [N]e mai hit nafre noman..seggen..[H]wu muchele murihðe [Dgb: merȝþe] habbeð þo þe beð in godes blisse.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)185 : Swo muchel muriðe is in þe bureh of heuene, þat eie ne maig swo muchel biholden.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/6 : He haueð iheiȝed alle ðo ðe Cristes eadmodnesse habbeð ȝeluued and ihelden in to heuene riches merhðe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)87/25 : Oðerhwile he behat ðe michele mehrþe [read: merhþe] on heuene.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/30 : Cum..and underfoh ðe michele wurðscipe and ðe michele merhþe of heuene riche.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)151/12 : Þu miht mid godes felste ðe berȝen and heuneriches merchþe mid þese halie mihtes..iwinnen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)17/174 : To mutli mi mede & te murhðe þet lið to meiðhades menske.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)17/185 : Hit..helpeð & heueð up & makeð mine murhðes monifalde in heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1697 : & monie ma murhðen þen alle men mahten..tellen wið tungen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1760 : Ȝef ȝe beoð mine..& wulleð alle wið me in eche murhðe wunien, leaueð to leuen..on þes..maumez.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2159 : Ne dred tu nawt..for þe is ileuet todei..for þis swifte pine..blissen buten ende, & murhðen aa mare.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)24/35 : Me gomeneð & gleadeð al of gasteliche murhden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)44/33 : Stihen alle martyrs wið murhde to heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)26/234 : [I]ch am murðes sonde & munegunge of eche lif..ihaten.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)70/3 : Treowe ancres beoð a riht briddes of heouene..ant ase þeo þe singeð habbeð murhðe [Nero: muruhðe] of heorte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)121/16 : Ase feole siðen as þu ouerkimest him, ase feole crunen, Þet is to seggen, ase feole mensken of misliche murhðen [Nero: muruhðen].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)191/3 : Iblescet ibeo þu, lauerd, þe..efter wopi weattres ȝeldest bliðe murhðes [Nero: muruhðes].
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)61 : Mid ham is muruhðe moniuold, wiðute teone and treie.
- a1225 PMor.(Dgb 4)st.169 : He us wile bringe..biforen heuenkinge, Þer is alþer merȝþe [vrr. meruþe, Murehþe] mest, mid englene songe.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)718 : To þare blisse of houene riche Þar euer is song & murȝþe iliche [Jes-O: murehþe].
- ?c1250 PMor.(Eg 613(1))364-5 : Al þe murhðe [Trin-C: blisse] þe me us bi-hat, al it scal beo god one. Ne mai non murhðe beo so muchel so is godes sihte.
- a1300 Naueþ my saule (Jes-O 29)9 : Hwenne deþ heom lat to þe Murehþe þat neuer ne byþ undon.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)42 : How he was bitauht, Adam, vre fader, to ben his, Wiþ al þe merþe of paradys.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)166 : Among þe murþe of aungeles.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1004 : Paradis is a priue stedd þar mani mirthes er e-medd.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.217 : God..Sette hym [Adam] in solace & in souereigne myrthe, And sith he suffred hym synne, sorwe to fele.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)73/19 : Thi tonge suffiside not to telle þe mirthe and gladnes þat he haþ which gooþ by þis wey.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)30/11 : He was cast anoon riȝt out of þat cely stede of mirþe þat paradys is called.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.544 : Alle þe meyne of myrþe hely haue mente to myrthe þe with melody qwen myth hath þe merde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)150/131 : Harwere of helle was born..myrthis to melle and fendys to quelle.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)prol.3 : Thai rays thaim..in til soun & myrth of heuen.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)4/96 : For I am lord of blis ouer all this warld..My myrth is most of all.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9195 : Whan þei ben clensid..To þe blisse of heuene light Þei shullen be take wiþ ioye and mirþe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9316 : Þe good to heuene þe weie shullen take Where ioye and merþe shal neuere slake.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)41/10 : Ðat he, for ðessere lease luue of ðe swikele woreld, scal forliesen ðe swete luue of Criste and ðe merhðe of ðe liuiȝende lande!
- a1225 PMor.(Eg 613(2))154 : Eðlete him were eal woruld wele..for to ðe muchele murcðe [vr. murcð] cume, ðis murhðe [vr. murþe] mid iwisse.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2186 : Ha þus wende, martir, to þe murhðes þet neauer ne wonieð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)98/22 : Betere is ga..to murhðe [Nero: muruhðe] wið meoseise þen to wa wið eise.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)272 : Of all men agh þat drightin dride þat mirthes mettes man to mede.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)189 : For traysoun..Man may mysse þe myrþe þat much is to prayse..And in þe Creatores cort com never more.
- a1425 Blissed be thow Baptist (Wht)8 : Many men in his birth with myrthe schul mete.
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)142/42* : A blyssed tre..Þat sall þi fadir to myrthis bryng.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)117 : Pereles in alle place, With myrthe arte þou mett.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Brog 2.1)26/64,65 : In heywyn to dweylle..That myrthe for to myse it wer a karful case..That myrth is withowttyn ende.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10684 : So lyuest þou..And lesest þe mirþe þat þou shuldest wynne.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)27/272 : Lauerd godd al mihti, mi murhðe & mi mede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)26/22 : Þe kingene king art..meidenes murhde [Roy: murhðe] & martyrs crune.
- c1440 Ihesu cryste saynte (Thrn)67 : Ihesu, my myrthe and my melodye.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)160/15 : Hayl..Ihesu..lyght of heuen..brede of angels, myrth of herte [L iubilus cordis].
3.
(a) The expression or manifestation of joy or happiness; ceremony, celebration; festivity, feasting; recreation, festive or pleasurable activity; also, vivacity, liveliness; bi (with) ~, ceremoniously; joie and ~, ~ and joie, mete and ~, ~ and meles, ~ and game (jolite, etc.); (b) haven ~, to have fun, have a good time; haven mirthes in mene, gather on festive occasions, hold feasts together; maken mirth(es, be festive, celebrate, make merry; also, have fun (with sth.); also, participate in the ceremonies of a funeral; maken ~ to, hold a feast in honor of (sb.); meven ~, occasion fun, be the life of a party; mongen (with) mirthes [see mongen (a)]; usen ~ (and gladnes, be festive, be sociable; smiten into ~, begin festivities, become festive; (c) sexual dalliance, lovemaking; maken ~, to make love, have intercourse.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)574 : Here mete & al merthe sche missed in a while.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1012 : Eiþer hent oþer..in armes & wiþ..kosses kuþþed hem to-gidere, so þat no murþe upon mold no miȝt hem bet haue lyked.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1599 : Wiþ solempne merþe þis gaye genge of grece to rome gunne ride.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.780 : This tresor hath fortune vn to vs yeuen, In myrthe and iolitee oure lyf to lyuen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4005 : Testyf they were..And oonly for hir myrthe and reuerye Vpon the wardeyn..they crye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.410 : Thus in myrthe and ioye I lete hem dwelle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3399 : Thus the dai..With manye merthes thei despente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1123 : Euery man and womman dooth his myght This day in murthe and reuel to dispende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)124b/b : May is a tyme of merþe, of loue, of gladnes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)128b/b : For þilke..beþ I fonge in to þe lappe and bosom of holy chirche by myrþe on cene þorsday.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)173b/b : Inglonde is ful of myrthe and of game and men ofte tymes able to myrthe and to game.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)272a/b : Hethe [read: helthe] of been is y knowe in here myrthe & clerenesse.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)65/812 : Þe men..wist not alle After þer myrth what wolde falle.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.39 : At þe mete & at merþe [vr. in her merthys]..telle þei of þe trinite..And..Þus þei..gnawen god in here þrote whanne here guttis fullen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.50 : Glotonye and grete othes--þis murthe þei louieth.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1149 : Lorde, much of mirþe watz þat ho made Among her ferez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)40 : Þis kyng lay at Camylot..With rych reuel oryȝt & rechles merþes.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)45 : Þe fest watz..fiften dayes With alle þe mete & þe mirþe þat men couþe a-vyse.
- c1400 Vertues & (Bod 416)10 : Richesse is clepud worþynes..robberie good wynnynge, & glotenye but murþe.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1626 : Kyngges worshipped him at his byrþe Wiþ offryng and wiþ mochel myrþe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2359 : Thenke upon thi myrthis swete, That shall folowe aftir, whan ye mete.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)1569 : Murthe is gret in halle.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)153/5 : When any mannez fader es deed..þai bere þe body to a hill with grete sollempnytee and grete myrth.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)292/35 : Þei take heede to noon oþir þing þan to mirþis and games.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1241 : With myrthe out as they comen, hom they wente.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)181 : Whene þou sittis in thi sette, Withe alle mirthes at thi mete.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)8b : Þe lykynge mirþe of kniȝthode þat is in lepyng, in rennyng, in rydinge..moste ben vsed and assayed bifore in ȝouþe, or þe body be made sleuþful.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)240 : In myrthe and in melodye my mende is iment.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)612 : My wele is woo..my day ys nyght..My myrthe and meles ys fastynge.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1064 : At Mid Aprille, the mone when myrthes begyn.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)50/15 : Þilke þat lyuen by here myrþe and iolifte, þei holden þe yuel companyes. Þilke..mowe not holde mesure.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9366 : Vnto myrth was he not mete.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)232/14 : Hou vices be trowede vertues: Dissolucion in felyschipe is trowede myrth [L iocunditas].
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)764/5 : For to speake of her beaute, bounte, and myrthe..we sawe never hir macche.
- (1472-75) RParl.6.156a : Lordes..Gentilmen..and other Comyners have used the occupation of shotyng for their myrthes and sportes.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)278 : Forþ þey ryden..Wyth merþe and greet solempnyte.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)47 : Mynsstrellis wold not be behynde, For there they myȝt most myrthis fynd, There wold they be aye.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)91 : Sir Cleges fell in svounnyng..Whan he thowȝt..on his myrthys þat he schuld hold.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)14/20 : Þay..broghton hom ynto þe cyte..wyth mekyll joye and murþe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)64/22 : Þys ys a pryncypall salue..to put away all maner worldes vanyte and vayn murthe and reuell.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)676 : He..clipte to him a pulwere..& kust it ful ofte, & made þer-wiþ þe most merþe þat ani man schold.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)305 : To make murþe of luitel þing To muche, þou hit fleo.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.399 : Vnder that colour hadde I many a myrthe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)71 : Alle þis mirþe þay maden to þe mete tyme.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)899 : Þat mon much merþe con make For wyn in his hed þat wende.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)982 : Þe lorde..aloft lepez..Mynned merthe to be made vpon mony syþez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)985 : Þe lorde..Hent..of his hode &..wayned hom to wynne þe worchip þer-of Þat most myrþe myȝt meue þat crystenmas whyle.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1763 : With smoþe smylyng & smolt þay smeten in-to merþe.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.11/35 : Whan he seyȝ how þe pepel songen & maden muche myrþe byfore þe calf..for wraþþe he þrew þe two tables out of his hond.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)783 : Whil Gamelyn and his men made merþes ryue..his broþer..was fast about.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2276 : Ȝif I shulde al in ordre sette, Þe grete myrþe þei made whan þei mette..It were to long tariyng for my boke.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)161 : Come forth..And lat vs make some manere myrth or play.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Apoc.19.7 : Ioye we and make we myrthe [L Gaudeamus et exsultemus] and ȝyue glorie to hym.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)507 : Þus when þe tyme come of our birthe, Al made sorow and na mirthe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2305 : If thou canst mirthis make..Do it goodly.
- c1425 PNoster R.Hermit (Sid 74)p.157 : Ofte þey come togredre to haue þer murthes in mene.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)24 : For haue þei here myrþe and iolite, nowarde to hem hou faste þe woluys of helle wirien cristen soulis.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)175 : Who so makes myrth, mor or min, In god be-houes his ioy begin.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)122/131 : Go we hame agayne And make mirthe as we gange.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)198/144 : Go we..To make þere myrthis more.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3778 : To Manne and his fere full grett myrth can þei make.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9947 : Þe myrth myȝt no man neuyn þat was made þem amang.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1059/9 : Many merthys there was made in that courte.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)368/359 : Mary is ded; the disciplis here beryn in gret aray..and makyn alle this merthe in spyth of oure hed.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.49 : Olimpus..namede so for the amenite and myrthe usede þer, whiche be exercisede in euery vthe yere.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)117a/b : Charge him þat he..vse mirþe & gladnes & kepe him from..al þing þat askith greet traueile.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3654 : Thus lyth Alison and Nicholas In bisynesse of myrthe and in solas.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1508 : In myrthe al nyght a bisy lyf they lede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1565 : Al that nyght in myrthe they bisette.
- c1500(?c1450) Wedding Gawain (Rwl C.86)712 : He made myrthe alle in her boure And thankyd of alle oure Sauyoure.
4.
A source of joy, an occasion for happiness: (a) a marvelous phenomenon, delightful thing; felicitous event; favor, benefaction; godes and mirthes; don wonder and ~, to do miraculous deeds, bestow marvelous gifts; maken ~, grant favors; ben ~, be a blessing (to sb.), have a salubrious effect (on sb.); ~ for to here, ~ in hering, delightful to hear; meven ~, ?propose an expedient plan; (b) beauty or attractiveness, pleasantness or delightful aspect; melen materes of ~, to broach a pleasant subject; nevnen ~, discuss pleasing subjects, exchange pleasantries; speken of ~, talken ~; tellen of ~, dwell on pleasant things in a narrative.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/14 : Þa forȝeat he..alle þas eorðlic þing..& wace heo him þuðten for þa murhþe þe he þa iseah.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)32/32 : Heo in to þam kinge eode..& him cydde þa merðæ þe heo mid hire ibroht hæfde.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)21 : And..we hit iseoð hwilche wunder and murhðe he dude and deð deihwamliche.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)125/500 : Þonke þu þi louerd..of þin oȝen lif & of þe daies liht & of alle þe murhþe þat he þe for man makede.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)15 : Is wille he heuede I-nou, And pal wor prude he drou And oþere murþes mo.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.19 : In þis myroure þou myȝte se myrthes ful manye Þat leden þe wil to lykynge.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.15 : Al-þough þow stryke me..It is but murth as for me to amende my soule.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.5.36 : So as God yeveth ofte tymes to gode men godes and myrthes, and to schrewes yvelis.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)777 : This name of Ihesus..is mirthe in hering and comfort in siȝt.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)227/174 : I mene of no malice, But mirthe meve I muste.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)494/114 : Itt was full mekill myrþe to þe Þat I schulde ligge in wombe of þine.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6052 : With qwistlis & qwes & other qwaint gere, Melody of mowthe, myrthe for to here.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/30 : Þe deofel hæfde..middaneardes murhþe & all weorldlice feȝernesse togædere æthiwod.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)24269 : Medewes þer weoren brade..þer wes fisc, þer wes fuȝel, and fæiernesse inoȝe. þer wes wude and wilde deor, wunder ane monie. þer wes al þa murhðe þe æi mon mihte of þenche.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.49 : Þat hille hatte Olimpus for merþe and cleernesse of weder þat is þere, as it were þe merþe of god.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2125 : Telle in prose..In which ther be som myrthe or som doctryne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4347 : Now lat vs speke of myrthe and stynte al this.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.1904 : Listeth..And I wol telle..Of myrthe and of solas.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)114a/a : Þe sonne is þe yȝe of þe worlde, myrþe of þe day, feyrnesse of heuen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)169a/a : Thabor..is a mounte with wondre myrthe and hiȝnesse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2066 : Blissed bijs your tabernacle Fild o mirth and o meracle.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)717 : Seth þo ȝede to paradis ȝate..And seȝ merthis ynowe. Of alle manere men myȝte descrie..And briddes syngynge on bowe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)132 : He..Solased hem wyth semblaunt and..Tron fro table to table and talkede ay myrþe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)541 : In longynge þay were Bot neuer-þe-lece ne þe later þay neuened bot merþe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)227/182 : Of myrthe are þer materes I mell.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)137/15 : Þe..duke..hathe dyscryved the myrthes of huntyng lyke as y thynke to scrywe of it and all þe other þe greuys.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)20 : Who-so wylle a stounde dwelle, Of mykylle myrght y may ȝou telle, And mornyng þer a-monge.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)214 : He..bihield the amenite, melodie, and myrth that no tung of man may shewe ne tel.
- ?a1500 Hist.World (Trin-O 29)16/611-613 : Paradise .. hathe euyr fayre weder and myrthe, for it was þe celer and place of alle fayrnes..; there is myrthe and swetnes of fruyt and trees þat growe thereynne.
5.
(a) An entertainment or amusement; divertissement, distraction; occasion for mirth; story, jest; song, singing, musical performance; minstralcie and ~, mirthes and bourdes, song and ~, etc.; gostli ~, ?a hymn; mirthes of mouthes, singing of birds; pleies and ~, theatrical spectacles; (b) comen to ~, to be amused, be entertained; connen of ~, be a raconteur; don ~, tellen ~, entertain or amuse (sb.); lesinges of ~, lies told in jest, facetious lies; maken mirth(es, entertain (sb.); also, tell a story, make jokes; sing songs, make music; talk and sing; menen mirthes, divert oneself, wile away one's time; spel (tale) of mirthe, entertaining story.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5111 : Bemen þer bleowen..þer weore segge songe, þer were pipen..þer wes swa muchel murehðe þat ne mihte heo beon na mare.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)39/33 : Þet heo pute euerich worldlich þing & euerich worldlich murhðe [Corp-C: nurð eorðlich] ut of hire heorte, vor heo is godes chaumbre þer noise ne cumeð ine heorte.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)71/31 : Ðet no muruhðe ne noise ne þrung of folc ne muhte letten him of his beoden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)341 : Eurich murȝþe [Jes-O: mureþe] mai so longe ileste Þat ho shal liki wel unwreste, Vor harpe & pipe & fuȝeles songe Mislikeþ ȝif hit is to long.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)355 : Eurich mureȝþe maiagon.
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)574/84 : At þis brudale was ioye ynou..Tabours fithele & sinfonye & murȝþe þurf alle þinge.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1254 : Ich man was lef to liþe, His mirþes were so swete.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)546 : Sche herd þe foules gret & smale Þe swete note of þe niȝtingale..Þan seyȝe sche sir Amis..Vnder a bouȝ he gan abide To here þo mirþes mare.
- 1372 Als i lay vp-on (Adv 18.7.21)54 : Þe sepperdis..Herden a wonder mirthe Of angles þer.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)31 : So wel hit him liked, þe sauor of þe swete sesoun & song of þe briddes þat [it]..layked him long while to lesten þat merþe.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2034 : For þe he ys ful wroþ. Þer nis no murgȝþe þat may him gayne..Til he may hure word..by þe al how it stent.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.99 : Scipio Nasica..brouȝte yn þat men schulde stonde and nouȝt sitte forto see pleies and merþe [Higd.(2): suche disportes; L spectacula].
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.767 : Of a myrthe I am..bythoght To doon yow ese.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4799 : Thei hire sihe of glad semblant, Al full of merthes and of bordes; Bot among alle hire othre wordes Sche spak noght of hire housebonde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)263a/b : Some bestes beþ y-ordeynede for mannes mete..and some for mannes merþe, as apes and..popyngayes.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.11 : Þere was merþe & mynstralcie, mede to plese.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.207 : Mynstralis for here merþis mede þei asken.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.35 : Menstralsie & merþe among men is nouþe; Leccherie & losengerie & loselis talis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)8.67 : Vnder a lynde..lened I a stounde To lythe þe layes þe louely foules made. Murthe of her mouthes made me þere to slepe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)92 : Her reken myrþe moȝt not retrete.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1656 : At þe soper..mony aþel songez..& carolez newe, With alle þe manerly merþe þat mon may of telle.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)28/12 : Þis were a likinge song, to God and to his angelis murgure þan alle þe murþe þat euere was or mai be in þis world.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2191 : In þis world she had Ioie noon..but of oon For whos sake al myrþe she refuseth.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)134 : Thow shalt not..þi-silf withdrawe Ȝif eny myrth be founden in thy mawe.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1642 : In sorow þan so was he stad..It was no mirth þat him myght mend.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)21330 : Trumpes and beimes, orgons and harpes, With alkins mirthes þe pople of carpes.
- 1448-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)113/16 : Ther cam a mynstrell And if hit hure wille were Of his myrthe for to hure.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)465-6 : We ne loven..no laik nor no mirthe. But whanne we meven our mynde mirþe to here, We raiken to oure romauncus.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)472 : Whan we tenden any tale þat turneþ to bourde..We..sorwen in herte And maken mourninge of mirthe.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2713 : Alle maner of merth and mynstralcy.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)148/71,76 : With songe and myrth we xul us dyght..Lete us..honowre þat babe..with merthe, songe, and melodye.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.7.5a : Alle..preyeres..ore Psalmes and oþer deuoute seyinges of Holi Kirke are turned as hit were in til a gostly mirthe and swete song.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)620 : The Deuell hym spede þat myrthe exyled!
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3563 : Childryn syngeng..With merthis moo thanne I canne..device.
b
- a1350 Ichot a burde in boure (Hrl 2253)46 : Maiden murgest of mouþ..þer nis fiele..þat such murþes makeþ.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.766 : Fayn wolde I doon yow myrthe, wiste I how.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.319 : Tel vs som myrthe or iapes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.1896 : Telle vs a tale of myrthe and that anon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.102 : The Monthe of Maii Whan every brid..thenkth his merthes forto make Of love that he hath achieved.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.116 : Other merthes made I none.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2531 : Abouten ate bordes Men hadde manye sondri wordes That of the merthe which thei made The king himself began to glade.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.600 : He kan of myrthe and eek of iolitee Nat but ynogh.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.33 : Somme chosen to chaffare..And somme merþis [vr. Murþhes] to make as mynstralis conne.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.185 : Þere I..made hym merþe [vrr. myrthe, merþes, mirthes] mournyng to leue.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)168 : Gynne some tale of myrth or of gladnesse.
- c1425 Pes lordyngs (DurDCM 1.2 Archid.Dun.60)7 : Oure myrth we make of a knyght Þat..was bold.
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)651 : The palmere went to the wode to playe, His myrthis for-to mene.
- c1440 When adam delf (Thrn)88 : Thi ble..thi myghte Þi mouthe þat myrthis mase, All mon als was.
- 1445 Now wold I (Ashm 191)1 : Now wolde y fayne sum merthis mak, Al only for my lades sak when y her se.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)14 : Here ȝe schullin here spelle Of mirth and eke of kare.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)79/194 : Þer is no man vs myrþes mase.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3536 : Scho prayd hyr fader to mend his chere and mad hym myrth all þat scho myȝt.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)5/29 : And we halde our brethir so strayte in aw þatt þai com to no myrth..nor no sporte, we may..cauce þaim to breke þer ordur.
- c1450 Myn owne dere ladi (Cai 383/603)p.300 : Thei Y synge and murthus make, It is not Y wolde.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)32/24 : Thre kyndes ther be of lesynges: On noyande and a-nother crafty, the therde of myrth [L iocosum].
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)4 : When all this..feleship were com..with talys glad & merry, Som of sotill centence, of vertu & of lore, And som of othir myrthis, for hem þat hold no store Of wisdom, ne of holynes, ne of Chiualry.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4018 : Þe tunge haþ neiþer gold ne fe, But ȝit miche merþe makeþ he.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)446/6528 : Oones ete a day and nyght, and oones chambir mirthe [Trin-C: swyue] in þe sevennyght, and oones in a moneþ lete blode.
Note: Under sense 3.(c), add this phrase chaumber ~, 'sexual relations' : a noun phrase apparently substituted (?euphemistically) for a monosyllabic verb.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2727 : Whan nyth cam, þouȝ his spiritis were dull, Lef he alle mirthes; he held hem but dotage.
Note: Additional quote(s)
- ?a1150 Aelfric Gloss.(Trin-C B.15.34)428/244 : Murhþe [alt. from gyrlum].
Note: New spelling