Middle English Dictionary Entry
acciǒun n.
Entry Info
Forms | acciǒun n. Also action. |
Etymology | AF accioun & L actiōn-em |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Something done, an act, a deed; ~ of penitence (penaunce), an act of penance; (b) the operation or effect (of heat or fire); the activity or function (of a bodily organ); ~ visif, process of seeing, sight; ~ of hering, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.95 : Ther been three accions of penitence [vr. penaunce].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.388 : To conferme his accioun, He hath withholde Malebouche.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.197 : Enioynye hem..perpetuel forȝeuenesse Of alle manere acciouns, and eche man loue oþer.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.286 : Althogh that thou torne thiself by thi fre wil into diverse acciouns.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)284 : O hye Saturne!..Alle terrenal accionnys cyrcumscryuyst indeffycyentlye.
- c1475(1459) Pros.Yorkists in EHR 26 (Roy 17.D.15)521 : Your lordis ben so habituat in thaire malice that thay have excercised by so many reyterat accions.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)2.23.45a : Thin was the accioun & I nought but the matiere abled to suffre, where I wold or nought.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)212a/a : Þat comeþ of accioun and worchyng of perfyt hete.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)46a/b : For þe niȝnez þat þay [apostemez of þe wombe] haue to nutrityue membrez, þay myȝt feble hem & þair accioun or worchyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)126a/a : Sikenez of þe eien..noyeþ to þe accioun visiue i. dede of siȝt.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)135a/a : Sikenez of þe eres þat makeþ euen noyingz to þe accioun of heryng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)136a/b : Þe accioun i. dede of odoracioun & breþing.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)8/9 : Aȝens al maner scharpnes or accioun of visible fier.
2.
Law (a) The right to take legal steps for the redress of a wrong, right to bring suit in a court of law; cause or grounds for a lawsuit; also fig.; (b) a formal demand of one's right from another in a court of law, a lawsuit; haven (taken, suen) ~, to bring suit (against sb.); -- often with ayen(es, of, on, upon; (c) forein ~, a suit originating outside the manor, town, etc., in which the defendant lives; ~ of account, suit against an agent or bailiff who has refused to render an accounting; ~ of atteint, suit against jurymen to convict them of perjury; ~ of covenaunt, suit for breach of contract; ~ of detenue, suit for recovery of property lawfully taken but unlawfully retained; ~ of dette, suit to recover money owed one (either as an ordinary debt or by forfeiture); ~ of trespasse, suit for damages or an injury; ~ personel, suit directed at the person of the defendant, rather than against the thing under litigation; ~ real, suit directed at the specific thing which the plaintiff seeks to recover (or for which he demands payment).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.196 : Whilk of vs is doun & mad is recreant, Cleyme & accioun he lese & þe remanant Of þat ilk land.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)2.94 : Kynges and knyȝtes shoulde..holde with hym and with hure þat han triwe accion [vr. cause].
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)81/18 : Of þese ten comaundementis, þe fende feyneþ his accioun to trouble þe good of þe chirche & sende hem to þe prisoun.
- (1421) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.9 : Sir Thomas Merkyngfeld sall hafe..full acsyon and entres for reparacion, wast, and trespace don within þe forsaide lande.
- (1432-43) Pet.Chanc.in Seld.Soc.10130 : For the which particion to be made ther is non accyon atte common lawe.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)27 : That he begynne his pleynt wysely after the kynde of his accyoune, or to the comoune lawe, or to the lawe marchaund, or to the lawe maryn.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)967 : I wyl not tellyn now what accyoun He feynyd, the patryark to pursu.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.82/7 : Þe accion vppon þe ouerchargyng vppon þe pasture.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.33a : Savyng to every of your Lieges..such action, right, title, and laufull interesse in the premisses as they..had in the same.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)501/26 : To be had and to be hold to the same priour and Couent..frely..with fre entryngis and goyng out, and sutes of Courte, and all other thynges and accions in ony wise longyng to the said lond.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)503 : The heires..scholde not reioyce eny of theire londes..but thay scholde be excluded for ever from eny accion to hyt or theyme or eny other clayme.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)153/8 : A sykur accyon may a man haue to God wher þe modyr, þat ys our lady, schewyþe hyr sonne hyr brest.
b
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)141/3 : Hir husband sall hafe his actioun agaynes him before þe iusticez.
- (1433) RParl.4.455b : Every Marchaunt that is so ygreved, may have action by vertue of this Ordinaunce..in every Court of Record.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)125 : Ȝif pleynt be moved in the court of the same toun..and chartre of feffement..be put forward in pledyng aȝens the pleyntiff to bar hym from his accione.
- (1436) RParl.4.501a : Every persone..have his Action ayen hym yat so vexen hym, and recovere his Damages.
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 777 : And for asmuche as þe seid feliship coude ne myght nat obtene her entent in þe same accion, they toke a newe accion upon þe seid Richard.
- (1447-8) Shillingford77 : The citeseyns..have had, used, and enjoyed jurisdiccions..of alle offencis..deliverancis, contractis, and alle other maters and accions.
- (1448) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.43 : He graunteth be theis presentz, that he then ony accion a-ȝeynst hym..woll not sue nor attame.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)20 : My sinne and my confusioun..Han take on me a greevous accioun.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)97/27 : Þi ryȝtfull & lawefull accyoun þat þou hast aȝens þi aduersarie.
- (1458) Lin.DDoc.112/16 : And ichon of vs shall withdraw all temporell accions that either of vs have agayn other.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3839 : Ageyn the I wolle plete no more; for it were gret pete To combir ȝewe with accions.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.503b : In which Action the Defendaunt be not resceyved to wage his Lawe.
- (1472) Paston5.140 : Perker had atainyd an axyon ayenst yow and me.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)595/7 : Iohn Clerk of Shoreham hath relessed..the accion the which he enpleded ayenst hem.
- (1475) Doc.Finchale in Sur.Soc.638 : Henry Gillowe..hath takyn an accion of me and my brethir..for tyende cole of our coal mine.
c
- (1429) RParl.4.346a : The saide persone or persones so beyng not gilty..may here speciall actions of dette or trespasse uppon her cas ayeinst the saide Trespassours, to recover here dammages.
- (1433) RParl.4.478b : Yf any maner Burgeys..be attached for any accion personel..that noon of hem brynge hym to Gaell..yf he may fynde sufficient Suertee.
- (1436) RParl.4.501b : Yat in every Action and Writte of atteynt, atte leest most be xiii Defendauntz..in ye seid Actions of atteint.
- (1439-40) Contract in OSSLH 4180 : Your said besecher toke accions of detenue..and canne have no recovere by lawe.
- (1444) RParl.5.112a : In any action ryall or personell.
- (1444) RParl.5.115b : If he will sue by an Action of Dette.
- (1445) in Webb Rec.St.Barth1.500 : John Spencer toke an accion of dette ageynst the said priour.
- (1449) RParl.5.155b : Hit shall be laufull to every person to sue an accion of dette ayenst alle suche Custumers, Countrollers and Sarcheours.
- (1454) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)364 : If any suche persone..Do emplete or sue oute of þe liberte..any accion or accions ayenst any oþer persone so beyng enfraunchiesed..he forfaite and leese his saide franchise..by enchesoun of þe said foreyn sute or accion.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.64 : All maner accions of dette, detenu, couenant, and accompt be take, pladde, and determyned In the Court of the Tolsey..all maner accions of Trespasses and accions of trespasses and deceyt..be takyn..by fore the Maire and Sherreff.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.503b : And that he therof have an Action of Dette..of the seid value of the seid forfeiture.
- (1470) Bill Basset in SEPKlaeber378 : All manere accyons, reals and personels.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)193/4 : All other accions of dette or of ony other thyng.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)304/4 : He..relesed to them and pardoned all accions reals and personels..I-begonne and dew to hym.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)481/6 : All seculer seruyce, exaccion, and demaunde, savyng foreyn accion.
- (a1483) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.cv : The seid Robt..hath attained a foran accion of trespas agaynce your seid oratour.
- a1500(?a1470) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)124 : Ye wrongfully vexe..Humfrey Hayford, by feined accions of trespas.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30228 : Alle his..godes, alswell in accon as in possession, the which ar not in this present wille otherwise legate or disposed, to be solde for the complishment of this will.
Note: New spelling
Note: ?Sense
Note: = chose en accion (i.e. ability to own non-tangible property)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (BodeMus 187:Harvey)f.26r (2.4) : Whie þe vryn is white in þe nefresie is by resoun þat alle þe accion, i. al þe wirkyng, of þe kynde hete is occupiede & besie aboute þat place þer þe mater of þe malady is.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(b).
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.80vb (2.13) : Spotel white & þenne is bettre þan thik and viscouse, for it seiþ þat þe mater is obedient to accion of kynde.
Note: Need date, sense 1.(b).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. action.