Middle English Dictionary Entry
middel adj.
Entry Info
Forms | middel adj. Also midel, midle, middelle, middle, middul & meddel, medel(le, medle, medul(le & (in names) mithel-, mild-, melde-, midelles-, medelles-, mildes-, (error) micdel-; sup. middelest(e, etc. & medillest, meddellust, medliste. |
Etymology | OE |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Mid, middle; ~ eie, the middle or center of the eye; bi ~ tables, across the middle of the boards; in ~ cite (se, valei), in the middle of the city (sea, valley); in ~ pathes, in the midst of the paths; to ~ theigh, to mid-thigh; etc.; (b) centrally placed, central; located midway between the sides; interior; ~ bem, a tie beam; ~ man, a man in the midst (of you); ~ somes, traces connecting the first team on a plow to the last team; ~ tre, ?the middle post of a gateway; ~ wal, an interior wall, a partition; also, the muscular septum separating the two halves of the heart; ~ wardes, inner parts; ~ wind, a central garnet used in brailing up the sail; fig. ~ sothfastnes, central truth; (c) being the midmost of three (or of another odd number); of a story in a three-story building: the second; sup. middeleste, as noun: the middle man, the third finger (counting thumb as first); ~ bord, a second table (between the royal table and the general table); also, the middle one of any three tables; ~ lond, the Midlands of England; ~ ward, the middle cohort of an army [cp. rere-warde n.]; ~ welken, middle sky, middle sphere, the earth's sphere between heaven and hell; (d) ~ finger, the third finger (counting the thumb as first); ~ veine, the antecubital (or the median cubital or median basilic) vein of the arm; ~ ward, the body of an army between the vanguard and the rear guard; ~ wei (sti, path), the middle path; fig. the way of moderation, the golden mean; ~ world, the earth; (e) of a syllable or clause: placed between two others; (f) intervening, coming between; ~ wal, a separating wall; ~ valei, a valley that comes between.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 11 Pains(1) (Dgb 86)95 : Some..stondeþ in to heere knee, Some to here middil þei.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.26.28 : Þat schullen be putt by þe mydill tablis [L per medias tabulas].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.33.8 : Þei..passedyn þour þe myddul see [L per medium mare] in wildernes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.13.16 : Þe terme of hem was from aroer..& in þe myddul valey of þe same streem [L in valle eiusdem torrentis media].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.9.51 : Þe tour..was heeyȝ in þe myddel citee to þe whyche flowyn to gidere men & wymmen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.8.2 : Wheþer not wisdam ofte crieþ..in þe myddel paþes [WB(2): in the myddis of pathis], stondinge beside þe ȝate of þe cite.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 6.47 : The boot was in the myddil see [WB(2): in the myddil of the see; L in medio mari].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)40b/b : Þis is þe blake of þe yȝe, is I-clepid þe myddel yȝe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)132b/b : Ȝif þe wounde cumme to þe middel substaunce of þe mouþe of þe stomake, and it perse not to þe inner parties..þen it is lesse perile.
- c1450 *Vegetius(1) (Dgb 233)83b : Myddel scheltrun [Dc: þou ȝyuest him wey..to entre..on þy mydscheltrun].
- (a1472) Acc.Bodmin in Camd.n.s.1428 : Item, for naylis for the goteris and the Middell Rof, iij s. iij ob.
b
- (1336) Doc.in Nicolas Navy 2472 : [In 1 stone of hempen cord for a] midelwynd [12 d.].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 1.26 : Sothli, the myddil man of ȝou [WB(2): in the myddil of ȝou; L medius..vestrum] stood, whom ȝe knowen not.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.189 : In þe wyndynge of þe myddel playn is a pitte.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)18/25 : The middel poynt of this plate..wole I calle centre aryn.
- (a1395) Acc.Savoy in Archaeol.24316 : Et expenduntur in j mideltree impositis in portis manerii per longitudinem.
- ?c1400 Treat.Geom.(Sln 213)59 : When sothly þe heght of þe sonne es even 45 degrees, þan þe perpendicle falles even vpon þe 45 whilk es þe medil lyne.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ezek.42.5 : Tho baren vp the porchis that apperiden an hiȝ of tho fro the lowere thingis and fro the myddil thingis of the bildyng [L de mediis ædificii].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.243 : I have greet gladnesse of the, for thow hast fycched in thyn herte the myddel sothfastnesse [L mediæ ueritatis], that is to seyn, the prykke.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.136,138 : And thilke [circle] that is utterest..is unfolden by largere spaces, in so moche as it is ferthest fro the myddel symplicite of the poynt; and yif ther be any thing that knytteth..hymself to thilke myddel poynt, it is constreyned into simplicite.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)2/6 : He wil make it to ben cryed..in the myddel place [F en le my lieu] of a town.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)143b/b : Take of þe midel partie of þe squylle and breke it a sunder.
- (1438) in Salzman Building in Engl.511 : That is to sai, iij myddylbemys..and ech of hem j-pendantyd with braces.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)8.137 : Of squyllis whyte..taak of the hardis, And al the rynde is for this no thyng fyne; Thenne oonly take the tender myddilwardis.
- (1449) in Willis & C.Cambridge 210 : Thei shull make the Rofes of botry, pantry, and kechen, with the flores to them longyng, with all the Midilwalles and greses to the seid houses perteynyng.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)96/254 : Stampe the medle rynde and the leves and the blossomes or the froite of eldren.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)77 : Take þe rote of walewort..do awey þe ouerest rynde, and take þe meddellust.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)155 : Take wermot..þe middel bark of þe elerne tre.
- (1465) Doc.Finchale in Sur.Soc.6p.ccxcix : iiij medylsomez..v mydylsomys.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)17b/a : Ther ben summe certeyn veynes þat..entren priuyly in to þe scolle bi his myddil seem, berynge vn to þe brayn & to hise pannyclis nutritiue blood.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)22a/b : The front or þe forheed..þe myddil part herof is alwey clepid þe front.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)35a/a : Þe blood..is y-sent vn-to þe pitt of þe middil wal of the herte.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)631 : Fore party of þe hede [L Sinciput], myddul party [L interciput].
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)92/1 : Take..the middle barke of the eller.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)189/23 : A dei as ha þreo [men] weren ifolen o slepe..vre leafdi wið þe sticke nom & dude i þe anes muð of þe letuaire, & te meidnes eoden forðre to þe midleste [Tit: midliste].
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)313 : Ech of is fingres hath is name..'Longueman' hatte þe midleste, for he lenguest is.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)288 : And euerilcon ðat helden wid him..fellen ut of heuones ligt In-to ðis middil walknes nigt.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5134 : Hii ssolleþ ȝut keuery moche lond þat hii abbeþ y lore, Al walis & al þe march & al middel lond ywis, Þat is, al þat bituene temese & homber is.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9008 : King henri is ost a þre delde þere..oure middel ost ywis, As oure king Inne was..Hii smite vorþ ar hor time were.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 6.8 : Bi a vice þei steȝeden vp in to þe myddel suppyng place [L in medium cenaculum].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.869 : The Sonne is overal The chief Planete imperial..And thus betwen hem regneth he, As he that hath the middel place Among the Sevene.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.720 : The king was sone set and served; And he..Was mad beginne a Middel bord, That bothe king and queene him sihe.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)9921 : Þis castel is..Peynted..wiþ þre colouris..þe gound [read: ground] wal..Of grenes þere wanteþ noon..þe toþer hew next to fynde Is al blew..þe middel [Ld: myddylle] hew is þat I mene.
- (1417) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8511 : Thar ys..a nother cruke of Seint Leonard's fra abouen the myddilpost un to the thrid post.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.666 : In this myddel chaumbre..Shul youre wommen slepen.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.75 : He is þe myddil persone in þe holy Trinite.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)89a/b : Do so on eiþer side of þe middel sticche, and þen haste þu fyue stecches.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)41/19 : In þe myddel ventricle [of the brain] is sitede þe vertu cogitatif.
- (1434) Indent.Fotheringhay in Med.Mason246 : Three lyghts..oon on aither side of the myddel dore of the said qwere.
- (1443) Proc.Privy C.5.298 : Þe Kyng beyng in his Middel Chambre at Westminster.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.182v : William fitz Osberne his fader was on of the worthiest knyghtes that William Conquerour brought with him, And was his stywarde, and in the bataill at Hastynges hade the myddelwarde.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.38.28 : Mesure evene the myddel bitwixe bothe prickes and set there a prikke. Tak me than a rule and draw a strike evene a-lyne, fro the pyn unto the middel prikke.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1473 : He delte hys hoost in þre..In þe myddyl hoost hymselff to ryde, And hys hoostes on boþe syde.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)5 : Þe firste day he maide..þe sunne & þe moone & þe sterres in þe upper element, þat is þe fijre; þe secunde day in þe myddel element, þat is watir, fissches, briddes in þe ynner partye of þe watir, þat is þe eyre; þe þridde day, beestes & man of þe laste element, þat is þe erþe.
- a1500 *Vegetius(1) (Sln 2027)32a : Mydyll [Dc: So is þis warde the myd warde of þe lyfte syde].
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17538 : Off þise fowwre shaffte iss all Þiss middell werelld timmbredd: Off heffness whel & off þe lifft, Off waterr & off erþe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17803 : Wass all þiss middell werelld full Off sinness þessterrnesse.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)20/184 : Bituhhe muchel & lutel is in euch worldlich þing þe middel wei ȝuldene.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)22/200 : Mi þridde suster..spekeð of þe middel sti bituhhe riht & luft.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)172/6 : Þe middel wei of meosure is eauer guldene.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)98 : Ðe firmament..Of watres froren, of yses wal, Ðis middel-werld it luket al.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.17 : I wolde go the middel weie And wryte a bok betwen the tweie, Somwhat of lust, somewhat of lore.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7691 : And thus betwen tomoche and lyte Largesce..Halt evere forth the middel weie.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)51b/b : Þe þridde is þe myddel fyngir & hatte impudicus.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)92a/a : It is good þat þe pacient be late blood in þe middil veine of þe riȝt arme.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)156b/b : Þai halde þe stede of mediane, i. myddel veyne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)163b/a : Where þat þe middel fynger toucheþ þe hand.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)53a/b : Basilica..descendeþ fro þat place to þe honde atwixe þe middel fynger and þe litil fynger.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)54b/b : Lettinge blode of þe middel veine helpeþ..for diseses þat fallen boþe aboue þe necke and beneþ þe necke.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2904 : Thane the ryalle renkkes of þe rownde table..rydis them agaynes, Mellis with the medill-warde.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)50b : Ȝif here enemyes breke eny busshement of þe rerewarde, manye mowe be slayn er þey schul eny help haue in þe vawewarde or þe middelwarde.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)134/15 : Put it to þinn nosethyrlys as moche as þou may with þin thombe and þin medyl fynger.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)274 : Oure vawarde down þay dynge..Than oure Medill-warde gane þam mete.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)114/11 : And yff the hylle off the medyl [vr. myddell] fynger be fulle off smale lynys, thei sygnyfye woundys.
- c1450 Siege Jerus.(1) (Add 31042)431 : Medillwarde [Ld: Mony in þe mydward wer merked to lenge].
- c1400 Veynes þer be (Wel 406)p.190 : The medyl weyn betuen ham two The coral is cleppyt also.
- (1452) Doc.in Kingsford EHist.Lit.(CotR 2.23)367 : Ther was my Lord of Yorkes ordynaunce iij mil. Gowneres, And hymselff in þe myddell ward wt viij mil.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)238/19 : Than our knyghtes myghtyly meddeled wyth hir myddylwarde.
- a1485 *Vegetius(1) (Roy 18.A.12)61b : Myddil ward [Dc: þe mydwarde and þe rerewarde beth to fer behinde].
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)632 : Thombe, forefyngur, medulle fyngur, lechefyngur, litylle fyngure.
- a1500 Rolle Mend.L.(Wor F.172)45 : Sum gon bi the neither patth, sum bi the middil patth, and sum bi the overest patth.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.305 : At Bannokesburne thei met And faught full sore, till slain was the vaward, And discomfited was the midelward, And to the rereward kyng Edward hym drewe.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)230b/b : Auctours meneþ þat þe myddil sillable þerof [of Isopus] is schort.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)441 : The myddil clausul, closid bitwixe these now rehercid clausulis, was seid to Petir and of Petris persoon.
f
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.8.11 : Þei stodyn at þe norþ cost of þe cite, bytwene þe whiche and hem was a myddul valey [L erat vallis media].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.2.14 : He is oure pees, that made both oon..the myddel wal [L medium parietem] of a long wal vnbyndinge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41b/a : Þe firste skille [of cartilage] is þat þer schulde be no continuacioun of harde bone wiþ softe members wiþ outen a middel mene.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)43/17 : Me may leve a mydel space betwix 2 ordres of figures.
2.
(a) Medially placed in time, middle; ~ age, ~ elde, middle age; ~ lenten sondai, the fourth Sunday in Lent; ~ livinge, the middle part of (one's) life; ~ messe, the second of the three masses celebrated on Christmas Day; middeleste biwist, middle life; of ~ live, in the prime of life; on ~ sel, at midnight; (b) intervening in time; ~ age; intervening period; ~ night, the night between two days.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)169 : Warð blisfuller his [Job's] ende þene was his biginninge, and on þe midleste biwist, þe he þolede þe gimere pine, he makede ane reuliche meninge.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3159 : On midel sel dat ilc nigt, So cam wreche on egipte rigt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5392 : Þis were noble kniȝtes fiue, & alle of midel liue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)67b/a : Þe age..is þe middel age bitwene þe age þat hatte juuentus & senectus.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)182a/b : Oþere þer ben þat..elden neuere but dyen, as it were, in myddil age.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.7 : I haue..moeued þe..of þi wylde wantounesse þo þow ȝonge were, To amende it in þi myddel age.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)33/3 : Þenk inwardli hou Crist com into þis world, hou he liuede in his myddul liuinge, and hou he endede.
- ?c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Matthew (Add 41175:Hudson)65/180 : Þe chirche preyeþ in þe secrete of þe myddil masse in Natyuyte of Crist þat as þe same man borun was God, so þis erþely substance brynge to vs þat þat is godly.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2472 : His felaship drowned was..Fyve hundrid..Of olde & ȝonge and of mydel age.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)John 7.14 : Whanne the myddil feeste dai cam, Jhesus wente vp in to the temple.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)35/18 : Flater fortune neuere so faste a man in his middil leuynge, sche may not lette pouerte to drawe boþe endes of þis dedly lif.
- ?c1430(?1382) Wycl.Pet.Parl.(Corp-C 296)522 : In þe secret of þe medil masse on Cristismasse day, we preie þus.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)297 : Nyghte and day, euyne and morne, midill-tyme and all tyme, in trewe lufe lastande.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)151 : Hym semyde, for to see to, of sexty ȝere elde, And þer-fore men in his marche Medill Elde hym callede.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)649 : Thou, man in thi medill elde, hafe mynde whate I saye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1108 : All þi ȝeris ere ȝeten ȝare..Lange or þou haue meten þe merke of þi mydill age.
- c1450 Mirror St.Edm.(5) (Cmb Ii.6.40)241 : Also þinke on þe [read: þi] bygyninge & on þi midle age, & how þou hast lyved þi lyfe.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)191/24 : And on Midel lenton Sonday, fyfty shillyngs.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.252 : Þat beth myȝthffull men of þe mydill age.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)1588 : He had an eme..Of myddille age.
- a1500(a1449) Lydg.Haste (Cmb Kk.1.6)47 : Such folke alday dye or þer myddyll age.
- c1500 O Vanite (Ashm 61)66 : Lo! here comys ȝouth with myrth & plays Ioly..Bot medyll Age thinkis þat it was foly..Than commys Age & seys þat he must dyȝe.
b
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.263 : The myddelle nyȝhte betwene [L nox illa media inter] the Seturday and the Sonday..was commune.
- a1500(c1445) Lydg.Mir.Edmund (Ashm 46)187 : First in stooryes of antiquite, Which shulde alwey remembryd been..In myddil age the laste also parde Whan the hooly goost to Marye doun alight.
3.
(a) Intermediate in size, width, or stature; middle-sized; (b) intermediate in rank or station in life, power, value, quality, intensity, pitch, severity, etc.; ~ speche, an intermediate dialect sharing some features of each of the neighboring dialects; (c) intermediate in age, second eldest of three; ~ brother (doughter, sone, suster), middeleste brother, ~ maiden, etc.; sup. middeleste, as noun: the second oldest one; (d) ~ custume, the petty custom, the toll levied on domestic goods sold in the domestic market; (e) math. ~ terme, see quot.
Associated quotations
a
- (1346) Doc.in Nicolas Navy 2477 : [Nails, called] glots, midelglots, spikes, rundnails, cloutnails, [and] lednails.
- (1358-9) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 1144 : Clauis vocatis Middelglot'.
- (1358-9) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 1149 : Et in..Middelnaill'.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 224 : Item, iiij costers..longyng to þe same bedde of wursted reed and white and grene paled wt þe hole siel of ye myddel assise..Item, a whit materas of smal lynnen cloyth paled of þe middel assise.
- (1424-5) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81151 : Item, pro j ml. dublespykyng empt., 3 s. 4 d. Item, pro ij ml. myddylspykyng empt..3 s. 8 d. It., pro j ml. myddylbrod empt., 12 d.
- (1428-9) Rec.St.Mary at Hill71 : Also, for a bawdryk to þe meddyll bell, viij d.
- (1442) RParl.5.61a : Beddes of the most assise, in length xiiii yardes large..and Beddes of the middell assise, xii yardes long..and Beddes of the lest assise, x yardes long large.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.17.15 : The myddel cercle in wydnesse of these 3 is clepid the cercle equinoxiall.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)79 : Yong was this quene of twenty yer of elde, Of mydel stature, and of such fairenesse, That Nature had a joye her to behelde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3751 : Menelay..In mesure was made of a medull size, Betwene the large & the litill.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30226 : ij grett potts of silver of the grettest sorte and ij chargers of ye medill sorte..xij spones of silver of the best soorte.
- (1459-60) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2554 : Et eidem pro nayles pro le medelle belle, j d.
- (1470-1) Acc.St.Michael Oxf.in OAST 7877 : Pro uno bawdrik to the mydill bell, x d.
- (?1474) Stonor1.147 : Item, yn þe Kechyn ij grete pottes, j medulle potte, j possenet.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)114b/b : Þat oon is among þe grete veynes..And þat oþer is among þe myddil veynes..The þridde is in capillaribus.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/8,23,31 : Ine heuene heþ þri stages of uolke..þe men midliste byeþ ase þe barouns and þe baylifs þet..lyernieþ of þan of þe consayle..and makeþ hit do oþren..þe þridde byeþ ine þe middel stat, þet gouerneþ wel oþer ham oþer oþre and libbeþ be þe hestes of god..þe tuo uerste of þise zix yefþes belongeþ to þan þet byeþ of þe uerste state..þe tuo midleste belongeþ to ham of þe middel stat.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)136/21,25 : Þe myddelguodes he onderstant ine guode and went alneway in-to þe guode half..þe misziggeres..þe middel þinges ouerþraweþ and miswendeþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.159 : Englische men..hadde from the bygynnynge þre manere speche, norþerne, sowþerne, and middel speche in þe myddel of þe lond.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16a/a : Isidre seith þat þe myddil jerarchie conteyneþ þese þre ordres: principatus, potestates, & dominationes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312a/a : Þe witte of smellynge neuere perceyued myddel odours, as fisshe parceyueþ neuere þe myddel colours.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.44 : In tyme of Crist weren þre sectis of religions: Pharises, Saduceis, and Esses..Crist..distriede þe myddil sect.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)132/9 : He cleped þat þe myddel obtalmya, þe whiche moveþ þe inward cause.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)87/28 : Þe psalm was begon in a medull voyce..a prowde yong monke began at sett it vp abown þaim iij notis.
- (1455) RParl.5.332a : The seid Wolle Packers..owe for to..discerne the fyne Wolle from the myddell Wolle, and the myddell Wolle from the refuse.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1531 : The middil colour, as philisophers write, Is rede colour, bitwene blak and white.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1960 : Heuy smylle is not, as clerkis thinke, The myddille odour, but only the las stynke.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2116 : Þe ældeste broðer Locrin wes ihaten..& Cambert hehte þe oðer, þat wes þe midleste [Otho: middil] broðer..Þe þridde broðer hehte Albanac.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)365/15,22 : Þe midleste soster, þe Marie cleofe, hadde tweie holie sones..Heo þat eldest was ne hadde child bote on, And þe midleste hadde tweie sones..And þe ȝoungueste..sones hadde þreo.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)770 : Þe midel soster a gile fond.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)112 : Cambroun hatte that other; He wes the mydleste [vr. midel] brother.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2025 : His midelst [Göt: middelest sun; Frf: midlest sone] þat hight cam Bihild and sagh his fader schame.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)59 : Myn eldeste sone schal haue plowes fyue..And my myddeleste sone, fyf plowes of lond.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)53/117 : Þe midelest mayden of þe thre Þe doghter was vnto Cleophe.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)458 : Þenne com forþ alisaunder Parys, Þe Kyngis medlyste sone of prys.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)64 : To mydelest douȝter he sayd full sone: 'Qwat lofys me, douȝter, in þi hert?'
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)179 : Over the water he wode, His medille sone over to brynge.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)299/28 : He vmthoght hym þat his medyll bruther suld hafe it þe secund day.
- a1450 Seynt Nicholas was (Sln 2593)p.218 : The medil dowter seyde, so mote che the, 'I hadde leuere hangyd and drawyd be..Thann ledin my[n] lyf in lecher[i].'
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)490 : Þe myddell [vr. yongest] broþer com ȝ-erne Vp-on a stede sterne.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)502 : The medyllest broþere be-helde How his brother in the felde Had lorne bothe mayne and myght.
- c1500 Libeaus (Ashm 61)277/539 : He smote þe mydlyst in þat place.
d
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.68 : Of myddel custome [F De menue custume] is þus, þat oon of wolle, þat comeþ to towne freleche and be out of fraunchyse, shal to þe kynge of custome a ferþinge.
e
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)268 : And take þis for a general rwle in þis maner proporcionalite þat þe medil terme multiplied be him-selfe in neyþer more ne lesse þan þe 20 extremyteis þe eche multiplied be oþir.
4.
Half; ~ clothes, half the clothing; ~ of sicle, a half shekel; in ~ wei ayen, halfway to (a place).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 10.4 : So Anon tooc þe seruauntis of dauiþ & schoof þe half part of þe berd of hem, & he kutte of þe myddel cloþes of hem vn to þe arsis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Tob.11.1 : Whan þei weren turned aȝeen, þei camen to carre, þat is in mydel wey aȝen [L in medio itinere contra] nynyuen.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ex.30.15 : A riche man schal not adde to the myddil of cicle [WB(1): to an half sicle; L ad medium sicli], and a pore man schal no thing abate.
5.
In plant name: ~ foles fot, the marsh marigold Caltha palustris.
Associated quotations
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)195/29 : Pes pully pratrinus is an herbe men clepe myddyl folys fot.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)195/4 : Pes pulli aquatice..water folys fot..haȝt a ȝelwȝ flour as haȝt medyl folys fot.
6.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.40].
Associated quotations
- (1104-8) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.141 : Middeltun.
- (1147) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)27 : Middeleya.
- (1185) in Ekwall Dict.EPN310 : Middelwich.
- (1205) Fine R.King John315 : Filia Alfredi de Middelacr.
- (1208) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)219 : Medelton.
- (1209-35) EPNSoc.24 (Oxf.)400 : Middelcumbe.
- (1262) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)447 : Meddelton.
- (1270) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames132 : Rog. de la Middelnye.
- (1285) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)160 : Medellesburghe.
- (1296) Name in LuSE 3565 : Midilest Midilton.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.68217 : De 2 s. 6 d. de Thoma de Meddelmersse.
- (1301) Name in LuSE 3565 : Midellesburg.
- (1306) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)150 : Midelcauel in villa de Boudon.
- (1316) EPNSoc.24 (Oxf.)400 : Mildcombe.
- (1327) in Kristensson ME Top.Terms76 : Ric. del Middelwode.
- (1332) Name in LuSE 3565 : Mildesburgh. Mithelargh.
- (1334) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)81 : Middelheued.
- (1338) Name in LuSE 3565 : Middilskugh.
- (1379) EPNSoc.24 (Oxf.)400 : Meldecombe.
- (1380-81) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3390 : [For 1 piece of pasture lying in] Wynterwellemed' [..at the head of] Middelrowe.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.277 : He wolde the see were kept for any thyng Bitwixe Middelburgh and Orewelle.
- (1398) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.234 : [A meadow..called] Midelmede.
- (1407) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)160 : Middelesburgh.
- (1428) EPNSoc.24 (Oxf.)245 : Middel Aston.
- (1462) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)394 : Medilton.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)201/17 : Þe v acre is in micdelbroche.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7680 : Þa cleopeden heo þat lond al Æst-sæx & West-sæx & þat þridde Middel-sæx.
Note: Quot. wasn't used - should be in sense b.--per MJW
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.81 : [A coulter and a pair of] middellaues [worth 2 s.].
Note: New cpd.
- (1475-6) Stonor2.1 : Item, ij sarplers of myddell woll.
Note: Need date in 3.(b)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. middle eye.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(d)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. middle vein.