Middle English Dictionary Entry
Mercurī(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | Mercurī(e n. Also mercurẹ̄, marcuri(e, marcurẹ̄ & mercurius, -ious, mercurii, merchurius. |
Etymology | OF & L |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. mercurial n.
1.
(a) The Roman god Mercury; -- in early times identified with the Germanic Woden; (b) the planet Mercury; also, a representation of the planet in an astrological table; (c) a plant; prob. chenopodium; ?also, dog's foot (Mercurialis perennis); (d) alch. quicksilver, mercury; also, sophic mercury; [cp. dragoun, sense 5.]; also, one of three subtle substances used in alchemical processes, ? = ~ essencial [cp. menstrue n.]; ~ crude, commune ~, ~ natural, quicksilver; sublimed ~, quicksilver purified by sublimation; ~ water, either aqua regia or bichloride of mercury.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)136.139/1 : Ðas wyrt ys sæd þat mercurius sceolde Vluxe, þan aldermen, syllem [read: syllen] ða he com to cyrcean.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13907 : Þe fifte hæhte Mercurius [Otho: Merchurius], þat us þe hæhste ouer us.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2426 : He esste wat god & wat þing mercurius was..Þe heye go[d] þat in vre tonge woden icluped is.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 14.11 : Thei clepiden Barnabas Jouem, Poul sothli Mercurie.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1385 : Hym thoughte how that the wynged god Mercurie Biforn hym stood and bad hym to be murye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3332 : Mercurie, which was al affiled This Cow to stele, he cam desguised.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1734 : Hoold thow thy pees, thou poete Marcian, That writest vs that ilke weddyng murye Of hire Philologie and hym Mercurie.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.321 : And, god Mercurye! of me now, woful wrecche, The soule gyde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.3.18 : The godhede of Mercurie..hath had merci of the duc Ulixes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1297 : And ek Mercurye his message hath presented.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2481 : And Mercurie, that sit so hih in heuene, First in his harpe fond sugred armonyes.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)83/17 : Mercury ȝe calle godd of þe tung, bi-cause he was wonder euloquent in spekyng.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)23/6 : Mercury, the which is callid god of langage, we may vnderstand that the knyghte of Jhesu Crist scholde be araid with good prechinges and wordes of techinges.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)1207 : In Rethoryk helpith mercuryvs.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7370-1 : Bot on ouer alle wyrschipe we mest, Sire Mercurius, & holde his fest; Mercury ys on oure langage 'Woden', louerd ys oure vsage.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)667 : For Mercurie miche spak to mentaine jangle, Ȝe holden him galful and god and god of þe tounge.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2865 : Him soda[n]ly a-perid Amon, his awen god..Meuand as a Messedono in Marcure [Dub: mercurius] fourme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4535 : Appollo with a quite swan is paid..A manere of corne to mercure.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)516 : 'Well,' seyd Mercurius, 'yef I may see hys fase, For euer of hys speche I shall hym depryue.'
b
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)422 : Þanne Mars bi-neopen him, and sethþe þe sonne is; Venus sethþe, þe clere steorre; Mercurius þanne, i-wis, þat wel selden is of us i-seiȝe; þe Mone is next þe grounde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2438 : In þe firmament beþ Planetes..seuene..Venus & Mercurius & þe Mone.
- c1350 Ye þat be bi comen (Rwl D.939)p.351 : After mercurius an oþer comeþ wel sone þat men kalleþ luna.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2474 : The bodies whiche I speke of hiere Of the Planetes ben begonne; The gold is titled to the Sonne..And to his part, Mercurius Hath the quikselver.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.757 : Of the Planetes the secounde Above the Mone hath take his bounde, Mercurie, and his nature is this, That under him who that bore is, In boke he schal be studious And in wrytinge curious, And slouh and lustles to travaile.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1382 : The nynthe sterre faire and wel Be name is hote Alaezel, Which takth his propre kinde thus Bothe of Mercurie and of Venus.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.703-5 : Mercurie is desolat In Pisces..And Venus falleth ther Mercurie is reysed.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.672 : Appollo whirleth vp his chaar so hye Til that the god Mercurius hous, the slye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)104b/a : Þe matiere of heuene is more noble & simple..in þe sonne þan in moone ouþir in mercurye ouþir in mars.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)113b/a : Mercurius is a planete temporat & a nyȝt planete.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)299 : His aristable he took out sone..Mars was swiþe reed..Mercurye he made gres-grene.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7628 : And seven planetes er oboven us: Fyrst þe Mone and Mercury and Venus, Sythen þe Son and þan Mars and Iubiter, And Saturnus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)333 : Mercurye, sterre: Mercurius.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.12.29,35 : The firste houre inequal of every Saturday is to Saturne..the sixte to Mercurius..Than shewith the verrey degre of the sonne the houre of Mercurie entring under my west orisonte at eve.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)704 : Þe mode Marcure [Dub: mercury] makis sa mekill ioy; Loo, ȝonder þe gentill Iubiter, how Iolyle he schynes!
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)86/19 : Saturne longyth to lengest fynger..Mercury [vr. Marcurie] to the leche fyngyr.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)48a/b : The secunde spere is clepid Celum Mercurij, in which þis planete Mercurie dwelliþ, & serkeliþ it oonys in cccxxx daies.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)86/7 : Loke also þat þe planet Mercurius be noght in constellacioun vpstyand or to him contrary.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)112/29 : And if þou wille vndertake bataill, ordeyne þe house of þe mone and þe myddes of þe heuen, & Mercury byholdant deuoutly & debonerly.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6023 : The sixte [planet] is Mercurious, Þat art in kunnyng ȝeueþ to vs.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9485 : Venus þe lymes shapeth she..And Mercurius þe ballokkes and þe pintil.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)103b/a : And som laxit wiþ gleymynge & makeþ slider, as mercury [L mercurialis] & hockes & oþir suche.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)138/22 : Parchenotidos, mercurialis idem, ge. et ae. mercurie.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)141/25 : Pectenatos, mercurialis idem., gall. et ae. mercurie.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)55 : Make him a clyster..of Malowes and beetes and of Mercurie, an handfulle of eueryche.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)44b : Mercurialis. Mercury, papwort or smerewort, beryth his sede like bete.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)196a/b : Lynochitis, Mercurialis: Mercurie h. & m.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)198b/a : Vicetoricus: Mercurie.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)420/1 : Take..of mercurie, i. sereworte [read: smereworte].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)625/8 : Mercurie is an herbe, colde & moyste in þe firste degree.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)333 : Mercury, herbe: Mercurialis.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)22/19 : Tak mercury & sape of spayn, & welle it in oyle & anoynt þe þer-with.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)177/4 : Mercurialis is an herbe men clepe Mercurie or papwourtȝ [sic] or þe more smerewourt, and it haȝt lewys lyk a tungge, and it beryȝt seed as betys doth.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)112 : Ther is nothynge more profytablere, therfore, thane to use glysteryes of Malowys, mercurye, branne, & oyle.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)254/22 : Take..gayle, mercury.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)592/12 : Lenochides, anglice, mercury.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)595/47 : Mercurialis, anglice, Mercurye.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)44/6 : For a clistir laxatyf..Take hokkys and violet and wormwode and mercury.
- a1500 Herb Salad in James Cat.Cai (Cai 414/631)487 : Herbes for a salad..mercury, lang de beuf, broun fenel, dent lyon.
- a1500 Sln.521 Recipes (Sln 521)135/12 : For a man þat ys costyff. Take malowys and mercurye, and seþe bennith a gobet of porke.
- a1500 Sln.Herb List (Sln 1201)75 : Of the same Herbes for Potage..Malowes, Marcury, Daundelyon.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)36/19 : For to make a man laxatyue. Take borage, mercury, 2 leuys or 3 of lorel-tre.
d
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.772-4 : And in amalgamyng and calcenyng Of quyk siluer, yclept Mercurie crude, For alle oure sleightes we kan nat conclude Oure orpiment and sublymed Mercurie.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.827 : The bodyes seuene..Sol gold is, and Luna siluer we threpe; Mars iren, Mercurie quyk siluer we clepe, [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1438 : By the dragon Mercurie and noon oother He vnderstood, and brymstoon by his brother.
- a1400 in Singer Cat.Alchem.1.47 : Thow, mercury and quiksilver, bethe bothe on in kynde.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.1225 : Tyn of Iubiter, crasshyng & dul of soun; Fals and fugitiff is mercurivs.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Semblable (Ashm 59)43 : Þalknamystre treteþe..Of sulphur, mercury, of alomys, of sallis, And of þeire sundry generacyouns.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)589 : And multiplye metalles with mercurye watirs.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)8/11,32 : Take Mercurie þat is sublymed with vitriol..take a crusible wiþ a good quantitee of Mercurie, and sette it to a litil fier so þat it vapoure not, and putte þerinne þi lymail of gold.
- a1500 in Singer Cat.Alchem.1.276 : Here after folowith the worke of the quynta essens of commen Marcury.
- a1500 in Singer Cat.Alchem.1.318 : Take mercurii naturell and medle hym with common salt.
- a1500 Sln.2584 Med.Miscell.(Sln 2584)124/2-3 : To make aurum musicum: take..i li. of sulfure and i li. of mercurie cru. and i li. of tyn; melte þi tyn and caste þi mercurie þer-in.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)43a : I will trulye the excite To vnderstond now mercuries three, The keyes which of this science be; Raymond his menstrues them doth call.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)43b : Mercurie of other mettalles essenciall, Is the principle of our stone materiall.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)49a : Mercurie essentiall turning into winde, without which naturall & subtile operacione, Maye never be complet proffitable generacione.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)50a : Male and female mercurye & sulphure vive.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)52b : Our sulphur and Mercurye be only in mettalles, whiche oiles and watters some men them calles.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)58a : Some done mercurie fro vitriall and salt sublime, And other spirites fro scales of Irone or stele.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2276 : Hermes said no liquor so necessarye as was water of crude mercurie.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 *MS Trin-C 915 (Trin-C R.14.44)p.114 : Than foluythe the norsschyng tyll he be voxyn vondyr moche with hys ovne mylk, þat ys to sey Mercory ofte & ofte euer tyll he have dronkyn þat suffysythe i nowe.
Note: New spelling
Note: ?needed for spelling.