Middle English Dictionary Entry
mēne n.(3)
Entry Info
Forms | mēne n.(3) Also men, mean(e, mein, meien, moien, moene, meosne; pl. menes, menesse, etc. & measnes, meaines. |
Etymology | OF moiien, mëen, meien, mëain; AF pl. meines. In ME sg. is often used in pl. sense, and pl. in sg. sense. The -sn- forms may be due to metathesis. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A course of action, method, way; a means of attaining an end; (b) bi ~ of, with menes of; bi no (manere of) ~; bi al menes; bi god menes, with great skill; menes and weies; weies and menes, q.v.; (c) a trick, contrivance; a present, bribe; (d) some state or thing, some knowledge or ability, having a causal effect to some end; an instigation; of a person: bi ~ of, indirectly, through (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.480 : Crist..By certein menes ofte..Dooth thyng for certein ende that ful derk is.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)17/6,7 : Alle þat desiren to come to anyþyng bi menes aȝen Gods wille: suche menes schullen lede hem to þe contrarie, as it bifel of Adam.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1202 : Oetes..traitourly newe menys souȝt Ȝif he myȝt..Diomedes vnwarly distroye.
- (1420) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.1.16 : Lettres..chargyng me to assaye by all the menesse that I kan to..stirre..able gentilmen..to kome ovyr..to do ȝowe servyce.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1345 : Tydeus, seyng no bettre mene..With-out abood faste gan hym spede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.104 : I shal fynde a meene That she naught wite as yet shal what I mene.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.305 : In al lyves and werkes of men, shulde God be worshipid bi þis meene, þat Jesus Crist..move men to worche þus.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.1978 : This lady Fortune..a traitour in comune, Caste a fals mene to his destruccioun.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1025 : For þe mannes name waa þus defamed, God ordeyned a remedy to rere it a-geyn; With whech mene he was more I-named Than..be-fore.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)131 : Thou hast ordeyned certeyn meenys to be performed..wiþoute whos performyng..we..mowe not gete..oure..fynal..eende.
- (1447) RParl.5.130a : That may by any meosne resonable appere to..the saide Chaunceller..conciensly to be done..to doo it be execute by such processe and meosnes, as it shall seme hym resonable.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)5b : How also scholde oure schortnesse haue wiþstonde þe hiȝe lengþe of Duche men but by þese menes fornsaide?
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4086 : Ther may no mene be Nor remedye to thy socour.
- ?c1450(?c1390) ?Chaucer Merc.B.(Benson-Robinson)36 : Love hath my name ystrike out of his sclat..For evermo; [ther] is non other mene.
- (c1453) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35322 : Continuall priere..is the moste singulere mean that we may offre unto the pleasure of all might god.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.68 : The seid maisters ymagynyng meanes to putt the poure Craftymen daily to grete iniuries.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)176 : He schuld wedde the sister of the erl of Gloucester..be swech mene, he myte purchace the love of many lordes.
- (1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.48 : Sende me comfort with what money ye coude fynde the menys to get.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1228/25 : Sir Mordred soughte..by fayre meanys and foule meanys to have her to com oute of the Towre of London.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21690 : Out off my wey, in nouncerteyn, And kan no mene to kome Ageyn.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.3.3a : To come to þat lif as nier as þou mihst bi swilke meenes as þou hopest weere best vn to þe.
- c1475 *Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)8/16 : And by this meene [*CQ(2): thes meanys] all erthly lordshippes and citees, ichone in thaire cours and ordre, ben chaunged.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)146b/b : He muste vse meenys þoruȝ þe whiche he mowe atteyne to þe same ende.
- c1480(1460) Let.Q.Marg.to City (Add 48031)142 : The late duc .., imaginyg bi divers and many weyes and meaynes the destruccion of my lordis good grace .. hathe now late .. feyned a tytle to my lordis coronne.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1490 : He founde a meane to his entente.
- a1500 *Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)61/18 : Thy evill wordis..have brought vnto the this bittir diuision through thi folishe meyens [vr. moyens] and obstinate willes.
- a1500 *Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)135/15 : Ther was non othir meane but onely to deye therfor.
b
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)75/14 : Þese priuyleges were procured by mene of þe dedliche synnes.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)53/29 : God bihoteþ to do mercy to þe world & to holy chirche wiþ menys of prayer and of penaunce.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.375b : The saide Alianore..upon grete subtilite, ymagined processe, prive labour, and colored menes and weyes..hath broght in examination, [etc.].
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)19/26 : Appollo..be no mene may noon ordure Suffre no wise vnder couerture.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2214 : Your said adversary by no manner of meen may be induced to graunte us his lettres of saufcondeuct.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)126/22 : She cowde not be skyfte of hym by no meane.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)221/29 : There they three by good meanys slowe in that chase mo than fyve hondred.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)433/8 : He..kepte her strayte, that by no meane she myght never wryght nor sende.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.133 : I can not yet make my pesse wyth my Lord of Norffolk nor my Lady by no meane.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.39a : Ye verraily entend..to aredye youre self by all measnes..to..passe with an Arme roiall to the parties outward.
- a1500 Orch.Syon (Mrg M 162)18/28 : Bi þe mene of a meke..and of a deuoute preier.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3375 : He woweth hire by menes and brocage..He sente hir pyment, meeth, and spiced ale.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)302 : Þei seyn þat þei may lawfully have..alle þat þei may purchase by sotel menys.
- (1435) RParl.4.490a : The saide Marchauntz, by ye menes and licences aforsaide, stonden in point to bee undoone.
- (1446) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.37 : His lyuelod..wes sore distressed, wasted, and aneyntised by the menes of the said john Roope.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)130/29 : I had leuer dye for hungre then to se yonde traitour gete you by this meane.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.80/29 : And that thei in no wise lett hit [the will]..by no maner of meane nor colour.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)65/33 : He saw the Lady of the Lake, which by hir meanys had slayne hys modir.
- c1475 A philosophre (Hrl 372)p.35 : She wol ordeyne by menes ful dyvers That the kyng..shal wryte To hir lettres.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)121/26 : He abused them by anothir meane for to get them towarde hym.
d
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.883-4 : How thanne may it be That ye swiche menes make it to destroyen, Whiche menes do no good but euere anoyen?
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)17.96 : Meschief is ay a mene and makeþ hym to þenke That good [read: god is] hus grettest help.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)29/3,7 : Vertues ben wrouȝt in man by som mene of his neiȝbore..þat ech vertu or defaute þat is do, it is do by som meene of þi neiȝbore.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)277 : Such..scole hauntyng wiþ alle þe necessarie meenys þerto, as bokis, money, [etc.].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)355 : If þei þerwiþ cannen and wolen so reule hem þat þei not outragiouseli take and vse causis and meenys strongely and fersli moving and leding into þe deedis.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)332 : Crist ȝaf to the Apostlis witt..and..wil for to chese tho dekenes; and so..Crist ȝaue to hem dekenes mediatli, that is to seie, bi meenis bifore ȝouun to the Apostlis.
- a1450 St.Etheldr.(Fst B.3)223 : Mayden-hode is a ryȝt gode mene To bryng vs vp to þat blessude place.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)145/15 : The disporte of angelynge is the very meyn þat causeth a man to be mery spyryt.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)27/6 : Alle þo trouþis whos kunnyng and remembring schulen be meenys to vs forto governe vs in dedis of oure wil aftir resoun or feiþ.
- c1475 St.Anne(2) (Trin-C R.3.21)95/179 : By the mene of hys natyuyte God in hys manhode..ordeynyd hath vs to hys hygh palace.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)31 : Wherefoor j charge the that thou neuer kysse woman to that entent to gif mene or stir by any mene thi body vnto synn.
2.
(a) An intermediary, negotiator, go-between; a spokesman, a representative; also fig.; (b) of Christ, as mediator between God and man; of the Virgin Mary, saints: intercessor, advocate, helper; (c) an agent, instrument; (d) an umpire; a standard of comparison; ?a guarantor, a third party; (e) law a intermediate lord who both owes (to his lord 'paramount') and is owed (from his tenants 'paravail') service, a mesne; writ of ~.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.5.5 : And Moises clepe al Irael..'y felawe & mene [WB(2): mediatour; L medius] was bytwene god & ȝow.'
- (c1384) WBible(1) Prols.Rom.(NYPubLib 67)299 : To these thus striuende, the apostil putte hym a mene bitwen, shewende to bothe puples, neither circumcisioun to ben oȝt, neither the kept flesh, but the feith that werkith bi charite.
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)54/30 : Þanne schul þe foure Wardeynes & he þat is chose mene for þe comune of þe breþerhede..come to-gyder.
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)56/87 : Þere þe foure wardeynes schul delyuere hem of her offys & of þe catel..to þe mene.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6542 : This craft I mai remene Withouten help of eny mene.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)8.119 : I dorste meue no matere..I bad þouȝt þo be mene bitwene And put forth somme purpos.
- (1419) Proc.Privy C.2.260 : Ther had been many traieteez..and non..conclusion taken, and alle for default of power suffissaunt or ellis for lak of good meene.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.254 : For the am I bicomen..swich a meene As maken wommen unto men to comen.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)318/3 : Þe King of Nauerne & þe King of Malogre, beyng menes, wenten bitwene & prayed counceyl & help of Sere Edwarde.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)332 : Meene, massyngere: Internuncius. Meene, or medyatowre: Mediator.
- (a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxxvii : Than Kateryne went to Rouchester and tooke record byfor the vykarie, be notaries and othir meane of the toune.
- (1444) Rec.Norwich 1114 : Please it ȝour gracious lordshippis to be meane to our souerain lorde the kyng þt it may lyke hys hygnesse, [etc.].
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)302 : This good lorde hiȝte hym to be sweche a mene To his fader..If he renounce wolde his errour.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)249/23 : Owte of that lyfe schynes a manere of clerenesse..beynge the mene betwix god and vs.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)252/33 : God, betwixe whome and vs the mene muste be grace.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.139 : He desyryd Alblaster to bemene to yow for hym.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)157/22 : He shold be a mene bitwene hem for this aquytyng.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)409 : A prest shulde be a mene bitwixe god & þe puple.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)159/27 : Prayere was furst brought in to be a meane bytwene the divine grace and humayne necessite.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1195 : Many of Vyce hys oost..besought Mercy..To be her mene to Vertew, elles they were but lost.
b
- c1400(1389) Wycl.25 Art.(Dc 273)466 : Men may wele pray to oþer seintis þat þai be meenys bytwixe Crist ande hem.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)130 : Heil of Maydenes Mayden clene, Of whom a Mene of diuis [L mediator] Com to vs wiþ-outen wene.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.180 : I counseil alle cristene criȝe god mercy, And marie his modir to be mene betwene, Þat god ȝiue vs grace.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.158 : Sarrasyns..lyuen oute of leel by-leyue, for thei leyue in a mene; A man þat hihte makamede, for messye thei hym heolde.
- (1420) EEWills47/16 : Prahyng..to..Seynt Mary..seynt Iohn Euaungelist..and to hall seyntes off heuene þat they be menez for me, and helpers..att my most nede.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)76/37 : With þe forseid maner of clistriyng..I deliuered þe pacient..our lord beyng mene.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.44/2 : O glorious Apostle..Barthilmewe..be meyn for my synnys.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)125 : Queen of comfort..Who shal unto thi Sone my mene bee?
- c1450 Marion ABC (Arun 168)10 : Be owr helpe and also mene Vn-to your son þat is owr saviour.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)166/112 : Þi son with-owtyn drede is god and man to mene.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)17 : I haue be þe very mene for yowr restytucyon; Mercy ys my name.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)391 : Knele downe before oure ladie and pray here hertly..that she wolde be goode meane to here sone.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1484 : For som tyme we been goddes instrumentz And meenes to doon his comandementz.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1671 : She may be goddes mene and goddes whippe; Thanne shal youre soule vp to heuene skippe.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)155/18 : God stereþ..þee in þis writyng..only by me mene, þof I be vnworþi.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)105/25 : The body was a mene to man.
- (1457) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.492 : Govyne to Thomas Hexstall..and for hymsylff to be owre good meen, that we com not to Dovorre as for the resumpcion.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.11.10 : Þe lord þat þese þingis hereþ, he mene & witnesse is, þat oure behestis wee schuln don.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)29/36 : Þe skynne, to þe whiche alle the membres beþ comparysoned..The skynne..is a mene..of alle þe substaunce of gendrede þinges.
- (1442) RParl.5.56a : That noon of hem fro thens forth, shold..medle him of eny manere..Brocage, nor be mene of eny manere contract..bitwix Merchaunt and Merchaunt.
e
- a1325 Rwl.Statutes (Rwl B.520)1:38/1,2,4 : Þe chef louerd ..clupeth in kinges curt riȝt destresse ope his tenaunt, þat is to wite, ope þe mene, manie þoru suuche destresses..hiderto habbez ben igreuede þoru þat te mene, þei he hadde warþoru to ben destreined, made manie delais are a wolden come to curt to ansuuerie to suuche hoere tenauns to writ of mene.
- a1325 Rwl.Statutes (Rwl B.520)1:38/4 : Þat was hard þing in cas wan þe mene nadde noȝt, in cas wan þe tenaunt his redi to don to þe chef louerd þe seruises ant te costumes þat beth to himn howinde, and te chef louerdes refuseden to vnderfonge þe seruises..þoru oþer mannes hond þan þoru his nexte tenaunt.
3.
(a) An intermediate state; the golden mean, moderation; holden (kepen) ~; in (a, the) ~, in between, in the middle, moderate; also, moderately; of a ~, of moderate size; in proverb: mesure is a mirie ~; (b) something physically between two extremes; something connecting or uniting extremes; in a ~, at a moderate height; (c) a compromise; a settlement, an agreement, arrangement; (d) an intervening stage in an argument or in a genealogy; (e) alch. a substance representing an intermediate stage between natural material and the finished work; also, an intermediate stage in a process [last quot.]; (f) math. see quot.; ~ proporcionel, the geometric mean; more ~, lesse ~, the greater and less of the two mean terms in a proportion of four terms.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.833 : Attemperaunce..holdeth the mene in alle thynges.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)74b/b : Qualite of mete is I-knowe be þe most remissioun & slakinge of þe qualites of elementis..Oþir be þe moiste hugenes of þe same qualitees..Oþir be þe mene of þese qualitees, & so mete is in þe þridde degre oþir in þe secounde..of þese qualitees.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)212a/a : Sonne [read: somme] streccheþ vpward, and some dounward, and som asyde, and som holdeþ þe mene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)251a/a : Also whete is dyuers, ffor som is olde, and som is newe, and som is in þe mene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326b/a : Sixe is a nombre þat foloweþ vertu, ffor he passeþ nouȝt in superfluite, nouþer fayleþ in lak and defaute, but holdeth the mene bitwene euene parties and haþ no superfluytes nouþer defaute.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)330/31 : Cataplasma..ne schal not..be hard ne neische, but in þe meene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6263 : Eolus..Wynde and eyr..Nouþer to loude..nor to stille, But in a mene so merie made blowe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.211 : Late prudence kepe þe in a mene.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6527 : For richesse and mendicitees Ben clepid two extremytees; The mene is cleped suffisaunce.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.73 : Baptist was to harde, and Cristis lyf was to large, but þei have founden a good mene..to lyven inne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.7.107,109 : Ocupye the mene..For al that evere is undir the mene or elles al that overpasseth the mene, despyseth welefulnesse.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)59/26 : Oþer Cristen men þer er þat er called Surrianez; Þai hald a lawe in meen betwene vs and þe Grekes [F Cils tieignet la creance entre nous et les Gregeois].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)164/27 : Aschites is þe werste, yposarca is þe holsomest, and tympanydes haldeþ þe mene.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)338/20 : Be it [binding] made þerfore in mene [L mediocris].
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Possessioners (Corp-C 296)140 : To lyue a iust lif & symple..in a vertuous mene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.127 : The mene is best thyn ayer to qualifie [L Caelum mediocris qualitatis], Yet sumdel warme is better than to cold.
- ?a1450 Lanfranc (Add 12056)10/31 : Complexioun is nyȝh brought to a mene [Ashm: mele], & so þat þat ys medlyde ys more able to resseyuen þe noble forme of lyff.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)165 : Vertu is the mene, As Etik seith.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3051 : The lippus full luffly, as by lyn wroght, Made of a meane vmb þe mowthe swete.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4194 : A mene ys good in alle thing.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4680 : Caton..comaundeth..A man to preysen in A mene.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)6339 : In euery thing to kepe a Mene, To refuse..Of excesse all surplusage.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)147/11 : Hir cloþes were in a mene, for desyred filthes & studiously soghte clennesse plesyd hir neuere.
- c1450 ABCArist.(Lamb 853)p.261 : For a mesurable meene is euere þe beste of alle.
- c1450 Myght wisdom (Add 31042)44 : Þi browes..Not wody thike nor naked pure of here, But in meen sett full temperature.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)7/27 : Þe qualitees arne forto be reprovid whan they aliene them from ther meene..it is hard thing forto kepe largesse and light think forto passe it.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)179 : Be not to meke, but in mene þe holde, For ellis a fole þou wylle be tolde.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)107 : Mesure is a mery meene whan god is not displesed.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.22.15b : Whan a man felis no grace in all þis werkes, hit is good to kepe discrecion, for þe mene is þe beste.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.139 : Mesure is a meri mene, þouȝ men moche yerne.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)146a/b : A surgian schal not be to hardy but holde a meene.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)150a/b : Euery sewynge schal constreyne in a meene, þat is to seye, vn to þat þe pacient fele it sumwhat but not greetly.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)169a/b : Downes ben menes bitwene þe lowest pleyne of þe londe and þe hiȝest coppe of hilles.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328a/b : Noumbres..beþ ioyned in oon composicioun wiþouten mene and in likenesse of proporcioun, and so eueriche nombre is odde or euene.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)23/9 : A gristil..schulde be a meene bitwene þe vttir ende of þe hard boon & þe neische fleisch.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2677 : Twyliȝt..is a mene Of day and nyȝt, departinge hem betwene, Fully nouþer but of boþe meynt.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)38b/a : Þe vtilite off nesche fleische..is þat oþere liche members, þe whiche ben harde, frote not to gidere wiþ outen a mene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.398 : Vntempred lime, yf with the graffes be Putte in the plages..ereithe[r] sappe wol condescende Vnto that mene, & glew hem self in fere.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)66/3 : Whan þe corner-stone crist was mene bitwene hem, he drewe hem boþe to hym & made hem..one pepil.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4172 : His fader dyd him [Phaeton] lere..In swich a mene for to fle..Nowther to highe nor to lowe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)13a/a : A gristil was mad of vj vtilitees, of whiche þe firste is þis, þat þe contynuacioun of þe hard boon wiþ þe neische lymes ne schulde not be wiþoute a mene.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)21a/a : The harde [pannicle] þat it myȝte be a mene bitwene þe scolle & þe pia mater, and þe neische..þat it myȝte be a meene bitwene þe harde and þe brayn.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.499 : Þer shal no mene geyne..Þat he..Perpetuelly shal now ben exiled.
- (1439) Proc.Privy C.5.358 : Either of the said parties may be stired to departe frome notable part of his clayme and to condescende to a moderacion and amene therein.
- (1447) Shillingford11 : This mater..hit is like to ende by a mene.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)844 : This worthy kyng..made mercy to goon afforn his myht, Shapyng a mene ful iust and resonable.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)39/29 : Augustin..ordeyned þis mene whech fulfillid both þingis..þat þe cherch schuld be wel seruyd..and eke he schuld not be fer fro his welbeloued heremites.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.296 : That Richard Calle fynde the meane that a distresse may be taken of such bestes as occupie the ground at Stratton.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.134 : Speke to Playter that ther may be fownd a meane that the shereffe or the gaderer of grene wax may be discharged of certeyn issues.
d
- (1425) RParl.4.270b : Alianore ye Quene..had a Doughter..of whiche Doughter by menes is comen ye Erle of Devenshire.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)96/48 : Naturel goodnesse of every substaunce..is inductatife by menes in-to the first goodnesse.
e
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)1278-81 : Amonge grosse werkes the ffouleste of all is to clarifye our meenes minerall; extremitees mai not be well wrought without many meanes wisely sought, and every meane must be made pure.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2373,2380 : The purer that your meenes be, the more perfeccion therof ye shall see..for the principall may not geve influence to the finall ende, nother [he] refluence vnto his principall, without succour or aide of meenes conteyninge thextremitees foresaide.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2456 : Our circulacion is..ffrome fire to erth, fro thens to water clene, fro thens to aire, then fro thens by a meene passinge to erth.
f
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)47/18,19,21 : Betwix euery 2 quadrates ther is a meene proporcionalle, That is openede thus; lede the rote of o quadrat into the rote of the oþer quadrat, and þan wolle þe meene shew. Also betwix the next 2 cubikis, me may fynde a double meene..a more meene and a less. The more meene thus, as to brynge the rote of the lesse into a quadrat of the more. The lesse thus, If the rote of the more be brought Into the quadrat of the lesse.
4.
Sg. & pl. (a) Operation, instrumentality; bi menes of laue, by process of law; bi menes of sight, so far as can be seen; (b) mediation, agency, help, favor, influence; maken menes, to make intercession; also, make a petition (to sb.); (c) ?blandishment.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)22b/a : Þis vertu makiþ þis changinge..by mene [L mediantibus] of þe foure first qualitees, þat beþ, hoot, coold, wete, & drye.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)109/11 : A boon..alauda..is ioyned wiþ þe boones nerualibus..bi þe mene of oon þan I-made to þe lijknes of þe boon tofore seid.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)44a/b : Alle þe members of a man..wiþholde and diffye & expellen norissching þurȝ mene of hem [lacertous fleisches].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)214/2 : A child..resteþ at his modir breste and takeþ her mylk by meene of þe fleisch.
- (1449) RParl.5.151b : If any persone..by dewe menes of the lawe be commytted, [etc.].
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)232/10 : Somme tyme he felys in spyrit..and in that felynge or openynge of the spyrrit, be the meene of loue, persayues hymselfe frome hymselfe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1079/21 : He ys..by meanys of syght more lycklyer to be dede than to be on lyve.
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)483/55 : Govern vs, lord, by meyens of þi grace.
b
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)247/13 : Ȝe schulen..resceyue þat..glorious liȝt..for to be mynystrid by meene of myn mynystris.
- (1426) Paston2.16 : The sute that the seyd Walter made for supportacion in this seyd matier was be the meene of the seyd Thomas Erpyngham to the seyd Duk of Gloucestre.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)329 : Bi þe same creaturis devising..þou, as bi meene of hem, ordeynest and bringist forþ þe same.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)125 : And oure lofly Ladi, if sche wyl for hym mell, Be mercy and be menys in purgatory he is, In ful byttyr place.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)99/5 : This man..made menes to þe mynister..þat he schuld kepe him þe watyr in whech oure maystir schuld wasche.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)25/21 : Tho six kyngis by hir meanys gate unto them fyve othir kyngis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1060/4 : By the meanys of sir Launcelot he caused hym to stonde in the quenys good grace.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1092/7 : Sir Launcelot made all the meanys that he myght for to speke with the quene, but hit wolde nat be.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)229/6 : Thys composicion was made..by the mene of hubert, archebyshoppe of Cawnturbery.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.225 : Antonius..was accordede with Octauian thro the meane and labor of that noble man Lepidus [L procurante Lepido].
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.239 : He was sente ageyne the kynge of Araby thro meane of Cleopatra [L ad petitionem Cleopatrae].
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)873 : For wythowte deserte and menys supplicatorie, Ȝe be compacient to my inexcusabyll reprowe.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)340 : Dreme was hyt none, ne fantasye; Hyt was vn-to me a gratius mene.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)20 : Thow purchacest a-corde be-twene the and thi husbonde, by mene of the person hym-self.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)291/386 : Fortune..turnes vp-so-downe..By hir meanes she makys dysers to sell..thare catell.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)34 : Hit has pleasid my Lord God Jhesus Crist..by the meyn and preyour of that blessid lady..to receyue me to his mercy.
- a1500(a1470) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)160 : We desire..that..ye wil have the seid widowe in expedicion and deliverance of hir lettres..with such tendernesse and faver that she, upon the socour and trust of oure moene that she putteth in us, may perceive good.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)404 : Iffe your grace to me were discouert, Then, by your meane, sone schuld I be releuyde.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)755 : I can no menys make but crye to the thus: O gracyows Lorde, forgyfe me my mysdede!
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)784 : I am quyt of moche combrance thorowgh thy meane.
c
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)275/5 : A courage meoued with angre maye nat be wele gouerned ne appeesed, neithir by meanes [Scrope: softnes] ne steringes.
5.
(a) Argument, reason; discussion; bi mene(s of, because of; (b) condition; manner.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)192/8 : The fifþe chapitil of þis partye schewith of þe staat of holy teeris..also a schort repeticioun of þe meenys afore.
- (1427) RParl.4.326b : Hit belanged unto you of rygȝt, as wel be ye mene of your birth, as by ye laste wylle of ye Kyng yat was.
- (1439) RParl.5.32b : Consideryng the grete hynderyng..of the said diverse of your Communes, be mene of the said purvyance so had.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)415 : Þe meene afore taken..to proue þe entent of þe objeccioun which meene is þis, þat euery deede doon to þee..inmediatli is bettir..þan eny deede doon toward þee oonly mediatly..muste needis be vntrewe.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)163 : This..conclusioun is vndoutabili proued bi this meene; that, [etc.].
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)304/3 : At the last, he with-drow the forsaid court, by the mean of a frendly accorde bitwene them.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)99/75 : Israell has vnder law his awne son in his awe By menys of his mercy.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4606 : Of þes þe menes þat þei souȝt..wern to hem denyed.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.371b : It nys nought covenable..a Cristen Prince to refuse Pees offred with menes resonable..yf yeim thynke ye menys of Pees offred..covenable and good..yenne to receive hem..and by swich menys to conclude..ye Pees.
- a1500 *Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)151/17 : Whanne the fadir vndirstode the meene of his comynge.
6.
Mus. A tone intermediate between two other tones; an inner part in a composition; ~ sight, the written mean part.
Associated quotations
- a1325(?c1300) Caiphas (Sln 2478)161 : Doþ so þt ich cunne ȝou þonkes Wyþ bordoun hauteyn, menamonkes [read: men amonkes], lat me hure ȝou synge.
- c1330(?c1300) St.Patr.Purg.(1) (Auch)p.108 : Þer on sat foules of heuen and breke her notes wiþ miri gle, burdoun and mene gret plente, and hautain wiþ heiȝe steuen.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6599 : I schal the teche for to chaunte; I schal the teche bothe burdoun and mene.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)332 : Mene of a songe: Intercentus.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)11263 : Þo clerkes þat best couþe synge Wyþ treble, mene, & burdoun.
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)242 : Vndir þe whech 9 acordis, 3 syghtis be conteynyd: the mene syght, the trebil sight, the qvatrebil syght.
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)259 : Þe descaunte of þe mene shal begynne his descaunt with þe plain-song in sighte & a 5te a-boue in voise.
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)265 : Þe plainsong sight is a 8te to þe treble & a 5te to þe mene.
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)269 : A pipe of 6 foote longe with his competent brede is a tenor in dyapason to a pipe of 3 fote with his competent brede; Þan is a pipe of 4 fote þe mene to hem tweyne, dyatessaron to þe one & diapente to þe oþir.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)618 : 'Now let ws synge!..A tenowr to yow bothe I brynge.' Wndyrstondynge. 'And I a mene for ony kynge.' Wyll. 'And but a trebull I owtwrynge, The Deuell hym spede þat myrthe exyled!'
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)79a : A Meyn: hic Intercentus.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)122/188 : 'Lett me syng the tenory'..'Then the meyne fallys to me.'
- a1500 Lydg.JHare (Voss Germ.Gall.Q.9)69 : With treble, mene, & tenor discordyng as I gesse.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (c1444) Paston2.13 : He aduysed me to goo to my seid lady and to remembre her of þe matier..and þanne he seid I must make a mesne; whiche I dar not take up-on me, for I wot weel I coude not come to here presence with-owte a mesne of sum of here men to whom I shuld telle al þ matier.
Note: New spelling
Note: Ed. (Davis) glosses first mesne 'way, means' and second mesne 'intermediary party'--JL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(?1451) Petrarch Secret.(Add 60577)26/894 : Þou dredeste the daungers þat may betyde, But thou vseste noo menesse to shove hem oo-syde.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(a). Distinctive plural spelling.