Middle English Dictionary Entry
marken v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | marken v.(1) Also mark(e, marc, merk(e(n & (early) markian, marki, merki. Forms: sg.3 & pl. impv. marketh, etc. & merkes; p. markede, etc. & merket, merkit & (early) mercode, mearcode; ppl. i)marked, i)merked, market, i)merkit, etc. & (Norfolk) morkin & (early) ȝemarked, imearket. |
Etymology | OE (cp. WS mearcian, Nhb. merciga) & ON (cp. OI marka & merkja). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To set the boundaries or limits of (a plot of land, body of water, etc.); stake out; (b) of a sea or river: to reach the shore; (c) ppl. marked, of armies or troops: spread out, extended in width; (d) to lay (sth.) down, place, set; ben marked, be situated; ?be adjacent (to sth.); (e) ppl. marked, of graves: provided with a marker or stone; neue marked, newly marked.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)16/13 : Ða mercode þe biscop on þam munte þone dæl ðe he habben wolde to þæs weorces rymete.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/24 : Þu steorest þe seastrem, þet hit flede ne mot fir þen þu merkest [Roy: markedest].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)46/22 : Þu..merkedest [Roy: markedest] þe heouene & mete wið þi strahte hond & wið þe icluhte þe eorðe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2500 : He..Markede place inou & rerde þer an castel.
b
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)203/29 : They never leffte tyll they fylle thereas the floode marked.
c
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)593 : He se the soudans men..Four myle on molde markid..And v myle also they wer in lenght.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)637 : Þe burne..bryngez butter wythal and by þe bred settez; Mete messez of mylke he merkkez bytwene.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)142 : Byȝonde þe broke..I hope þat mote merked wore; Bot þe water watz depe, I dorst not wade.
- c1450(c1420) Proph.Becket (Hat 56)68 : Who is maister of this mote þat here til a towre is merkid [vr. merkyt]?
e
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)952 : There he fyndez A wery wafull wedowe..gretande on a graue grysely teres, New merkyde on molde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)200/21 : He founde a carefull wydow..syttande on a grave that was new marked.
2.
Of nature: to set a limit to (man's life span).
Associated quotations
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)199/9 : Euery manes lyfe is ymarkyd by kynde, how longe he shal mow doure.
3.
(a) To form marks on (stone), carve, engrave; trace (a line with thread); of a carpenter's string and chalk: make marks of measurement (on wood); (b) to put a mark on (sth.) for the purpose of identification; ppl. marked, of merchandise or commodities: stamped (with a trademark or official mark attesting or certifying quality); of coins: stamped (with the likeness or name of a ruler); (c) to decorate (materials) with designs, embroider; ppl. marked, of vessels, flatware, armor, and the like: stamped or engraved (with letterings, designs, etc.); of emblems, linens: ornamented (with lettering, armorial designs); (d) to brand (persons or animals); tattoo; render (sb.) identifiable by physical or bodily features; (e) to provide (one's subjects with badges or insignia); invest (sb. with the insignia of a crusader); furnish (animals with collars or other devices) for identification; (f) ppl. marked, fig. ?distinguished (from sb.), distinct.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)64/134 : Heo [St. Augustine's] mother] stood..In an euen forþriht lyne Þat hedde beo marked wiþ þred of twyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)201b/a : Iacinctus..may be grauen and y-write and y-marked wiþ þe ston adamas.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.95 : Iacincte..may be..ywryten & ymarked with þe stone adamans.
- c1500 The shype ax (Ashm 61)83 : 'Ȝe, ȝe,' seyd the lyne and the chalke..'I schall merke well upone the wode.'
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)333a/a : Nummisma is a peny..y-marked wiþ prente of name and ymage of þe prince.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21698 : To tuelue men taght þai wandes tuelue, Ilkan merked his himself.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.852 : This William Kyam saw ij barells of osmundes market with ye marke of John Lyllyng.
- (1439) LRed Bk.Bristol2.166 : It is ordeynd..that no barell be marked with the marke ordeyned.
- (1450) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)334 : Armure that is forged wyth the hamur brought from beyonde the see..shuld not..be putte to sale..till they were convenably assayed by the Wardeyns of the said craft and merked with here merke.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.39/1 : Item, to the house of Chesthonte, xij smale spones marked with the towche.
- a1525(?1474) Cov.Leet Bk.399 : That he sett no wyne to sale till he haue sende after the Officers of the town to tast it..and þat his vessels be gawged and so marked on the hedes.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)18 : He saiȝ al-so knyȝhtes Armes þere, And with a fair creoiz þoruȝ-out I-markede alle huy were.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330b/b : Telata beþ vessels of gold ouþer of siluer y-marked wiþ euydent signe wiþinne or wiþoute.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1487 : Lampes wer grayþed..As mony morteres of wax merkked wythoute, Wyth mony a borlych best al of brende golde.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 226 : It'm..all þe shetes and naperie lynne marked wt 'C.J.'..It'm ij chargeours, vj potagers, xiiij gret plats..all marked wt 'C'.
- (1419) *Will Bury155a : I be qweþe Will' Basse..iij sponys of'sylu' markyd wt grene þred.
- (1424) EEWills56/9 : My wille is þat Thomas my sone haue..six saucers of siluere merkid with a sink foil vnder þe brerdez.
- (1434) EEWills101/25 : Y bequethe to Robert Sharp goddis-child..ij sauseres of peautre & ymarked with R. and S.
- (1442) Invent.Gild in PSAL ser.2.5123 : Item, a dossen spones of sylver markyd with an h.
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.30131 : xij spones of silver marked with armyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2636 : He cled him all in clene stele, a conyschaunce ouire, Þat made was & merkid [Dub: markyd] on þe messedone armes.
- (?c1466) Paston (Gairdner)4.257 : Ther is on potte that is morkyn ondre the bottome ij tymes with thyes letteris M. P.
- (1474-5) Will York in Sur.Soc.45215 : I wyll that Nicholas..have ij sylver sponnes merked.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)376 : She tawȝte hem to sewe and marke Alle maner of sylky werke.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)192a/a : For in oolde tyme þey were y-merkede with dyuers fygures and shappe y-made on here flesshe and skynne wiþ yren prikkes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.137 : Men scholde marken hem on the forheved with an hoot iren.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)124/27 : The folk of þat yle maken hem alweys to be marked in the visage with an hote yren.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.402 : Nowe is tyme..The lambis and the beestis more & lesse To marke.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2595 : He schal be markyd as was he, Tak and bete out two or three [teeth].
- a1450 I herde a carpyng (Sln 2593)p.42 : Alle he [deer] wern fayr and fat inow, but markyd was ther non.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)280b/a : Hertes..were y-take an c ȝere after alisaundres deþ þe whiche he hadde y-marked wiþ byes of golde.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)155 : In the xxxii ȝere Herry was merkyd with the tokne of the Holy Crosse, for to go to Jerusalem.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)238 : Ser Herry Spenser..was marked [vr. morkyn] with the Cros ageyn the scismatikes of Frauns.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)8.75 : Ricardus erle Pictavense, sonne of..Henricus, was merkede with the signe of the crosse [Trev.: took þe crosse; L cruce signatur].
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)8.255 : The eldeste sonne of the kynge was merkede with the crosse [Trev.: toke þe signe of þe cros; L cruce signatus est].
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.20 : Now liste me to lerne..What kynnes conceyll..meued him most to merke his liegis Or serue hem with signes.
f
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7853 : Hyt was..An empty vessel þat marked was From þe and þyne, syre Satanas..Þe Iew þey called a voyde vessel..for he hadde nat oure lawe take Seþþe he hadde hys owne forsake.
4.
(a) To mark (sb. on the head with the holy oil) in baptism; cover (a surface with sth.), coat, smear; (b) to stain (sb. with reproach), sully.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)10/39 : Þu were imerked Heie on þine heafde [mid þ]en holie ele.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)87 : God het Moyses..þet heo sculden..merki mid þan blode here duren.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)268a/b : Serpentes..infecteþ þe weye and markeþ wiþ a maner gleymy humour.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.61 : The bristilede boor markide with scomes the scholdres of Hercules.
b
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4155 : The Grekys..neuere aforn wer markyd with no blame.
5.
(a) To seal (sth.); seal (sth.) up (in sth. else); put a seal on (sth.); conceal; (b) to affix a seal to (sth.), confirm; -- with that clause; (c) of angels in the Apocalypse: to put (the seal of God on the forehead of the faithful); ppl. marked, as noun: the faithful who are marked with the seal of God; of the Beast of the Apocalypse: to put a sign on (sinners or followers of Antichrist); (d) ppl. marked, of man:?stamped or endowed (with God's grace); of the glory of God's countenance: imprinted or reflected (on man); (e) theol. of God: to bestow the 'character' on the soul at baptism or confirmation; ppl. marked, of the faithful: marked with the 'character'.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.32.34 : Wheþer been not þese þyngys hud anuntys me & marked [Corp-O: merkid; WB(2): seelid; L signata] in my tresours?
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.10.4 : Signe thou, or marke [L Signa], what thinges the seuen thundres spaken, and nyle thou write hem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.27.66 : Thei..kepten, or wardiden, the sepulcre, markinge or seelinge [L signantes] the stoon with keperis.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 3.33 : He that hath takun his witnessing, hath markid [WB(2): confermyd; L signavit] that God is sothfast.
c
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.53 : Ne willeþ ȝee nouȝth greuen þe erþe..vntil þat we merken þe tokne of þe lorde in þe foreheuedes of his seruauntz.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.54 : I herd þe noumbre of þe merked foure þousande & fourty hundreþ of þe kynde of israel.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.106 : Þat þe beest dude merken alle in her riȝth honde oiþer in her forehede.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.7.4 : I herde the noumbre of markid [vr. men singnyd; WB(2): men that weren markid, L signatorum], an hundrid and foure and fourty thousynd markid [L signati], of euery lynage of the sones of Yrael.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)31/24 : Ðat liht of his [God's] ansiene is ȝemarked riht uppen us.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)4.7 : Þe lyȝt of þy face hys merked [L signatum est] vp vs.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.4.7 : Markid is vp on vs þe liȝt of þi chere, lord.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)157/25 : Here mayst þou se..after þat þou arte touchid & goostly merkid wiþ þis grace, þe worþines of þis werk.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)170/10 : Þer ben bot ful fewe..so specialy touchid & merkyd wiþ þis grace.
e
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)4/101 : Þou schelt be marked to þet stede To wichen heuen his ymene.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)6/162 : God wescht and markeþ and forȝefþ.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.1.13 : In which [Christ]..ȝe, bileuynge, ben markid [WB(2): merkid; L signati] with the Hooly Gost of biheeste.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.4.30 : Nyle ȝe make the Holy Gost of God sori..in the which ȝe ben markid in the day of redempcioun.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.1.22 : The which God anoyntide vs, and..markide vs.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.1.21 : God..has markyd [L signavit] vs and has gifen þe wed of þe holy gost in oure hertis.
6.
(a) To make (a mark or symbol) on a surface; draw (a figure), write (a number, word, or character); also, cause (a heraldic design) to be inscribed on a badge; (b) to describe (an event, a complaint, etc.) in writing; record (sth.); represent (textual additions, deletions, and such with written symbols); indicate (parts of a diagram, surfaces, etc.) by means of symbols or lines; outline; (c) to represent (mental process with gestures).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)22/1 : Marke wt thy moeuable poynt in the lyne of the aux of saturnus a dep prikke.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1144 : The nynthe Signe..Is cleped Sagittarius, The whos figure is marked thus, A monstre with a bowe on honde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1617 : Þaȝ þe mater be merk þat merked is ȝender, He schal declar hit also as hit on clay stande.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1727 : Þise ar þe wordes here wryten..Mane, Techal, Phares, merked in þrynne.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.6.11 : Upon the ende of this est lyne..is marked a litel cros.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.12.2 : Next the forseide cercle of the ABC, under the cross lyne, is marked the skale in manere of 2 squyres.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.14.4 : With a pricke of ynke marke the nombre of that same altitude in the lyne meridional.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.38.17 : Marke there a pricke with inke.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.42 : For on [hart] þat ȝe merkyd, ȝe myssed ten schore Of homeliche hertis.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)9.16 : Orygene.. to old translacioun meyngide þe translacioun of theodocyon..all his werk merkyng [WB(2): merkynge; L distinguens].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.41 : In þis book I schal marke [Higd.(2): ascribe; L notabo]..how and in what ȝeres such defautes fille.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.37 : What the Hebrewes hadde more þan þe seventy þey..markede wiþ..astarices..at it were to hiȝte þe defaute.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)20/10 : Marke thise parties dymli.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)24/34 : Marke wt thy compas the forseide distaunce.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.2 : I..merkid my weply compleynte with office of poyntel.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.7.23 : The thynne fame yit lastynge of here idel names is marked with a fewe lettres.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)143a/b : Þe pacient be raised vp..And wiþholde his breþ þat þe eminence go out..And þan with ynke be it tokened or merked [L signetur] in þe circuitee of þe eminence.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)145b/b : Be the circuite of þe testicule ymerked wiþ ynke or wiþ a cole.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)509/35 : Put þerto a rupturie to þe quantite of a litel chesteyne..vpon þe merked place in þe myddel of the schare bone.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.36 : The ecliptik lyne of thy zodiak is the utterist bordure of thy zodiak there the degrees be marked.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)154 : Mony porer in þis place is putte into grave, Þat merkid is in oure martilage his mynde for ever.
c
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.SPuer(1) (LdMisc 683)71 : With thy ffynger marke [vr. make] nat thy tale.
7.
(a) To mark (sb. with the sign of the Cross) in blessing; refl. mark (oneself with the sign of the Cross or other symbolic signs); (b) to make (the sign of the Cross on oneself or one's bodily parts); mark the sign of the Cross or other symbolic signs on (one's heart or forehead).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Al fram ehvuele (Em 27)2 : Mid cristes rode tok[n]inge ih marky me today.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.556 : I thee haue marked with the croys.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7848 : Þe bedde, ne hym, ne durst þey [the devils] touche, So had he marked hym with þe crouche.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)61 : Y..marked me in the forhede with my praier.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)73 : Y markid me with my praier.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)214 : Seth..marked hym silf with the sign Teta or Tau.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)127 : Þas vii ȝeate [of the body]..beoð ure eȝan..neose..muð..earan; vppon heom alswa we er seiden we sculen markian þat tacne of þere halie rode.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)15 : An uncristen man was saued from þe pouer of wicked spiritus be signe of þe cros þat he merked up on him.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)59 : Y, dredyng sumwhat, said my prayer and marked my forhede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)80/9 : Cros & mark þi harte!
8.
(a) To observe (sth.), watch; notice (sb.); perceive (sb.) to be (woman); (b) to recognize (sb.); (c) to take note mentally; take note of (sb. or sth.), give heed to; -- sometimes with clause; to ~, that is, to wit; ~ in minde, impress (sth.) in one's mind, bear in mind, remember; (d) to regard (sb. or sth.) as (sth.); deem (sth. to be sth.); censure (sb.); ~ amis, presume wrongly, be mistaken.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1404 : He was despuled fram heued to grounde, Marked woman & maiden founde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.132 : Lyueres to-forn vs vseden to marke Þe selkouthes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1517 : By þe dyal þe hour þei gan to marke.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1881 : Lik a knyght thidere he streght rood, Markyd ful wel in many mannys sight lich Mars..in stiel armed.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)87b/a : Þu maye merke oþer knowe þe place þat it [blood] passes out atte; þu schalt holde þi fynger euene þeron.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)839/23 : Thorow me ye bene marked of many good knyghtes.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16 (Hrl 2340)9 : If she neme oon rewarde here opon here foule..merke the Couey and goo afore them somwhat.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1127 : Meneste, by his cote armvre Marked hym, be armys þat he bar.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Thes.3.14 : If ony man schal not obeie to oure word by epistle, marke [L notate] ȝe hym and comune þe not with him.
- (1395) Wycl.12 Concl.(Th 17)297 : Whan þu prouist sich a man, mark him wel.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)34/15 : Marke..hou he þat myȝte not erre worschupede his modir.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)60/1 : Now marke, modir, hou Crist..com into Galile prechinge þe euangelie of þe kingdom of God.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)771 : I rede ȝhe sett ȝoure hertes entere, And in ȝoure mynde þes wordes ȝe marke.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)385/512 : Alkmund..euery thyng markid in sentence That kyng Offa outher dide or saide.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)370/365 : All mankynde may marke in his mynde To see here þis sorowfull sight.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)432/185 : Sene was þer neuere so wondirfull werkes..Menskfully in mynde þes materes now merkis.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10638 : In the monyth to merke, the myddis of Ioyne, The sextene day sothely..The boldmen to bent bounet full þicke.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)153 : I leyde an ere to, Euery worde to marke what he sayed.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.1111 : Constantyn discoumfyted in batayle This forseyde maxcens..the fame was bore ful wyde, And merked ful weel the day & eke the tyde Of sundry men.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)226/27 : Markyth þis tale! taketh hede!
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)347/18 : All this was marked wyth noble herrodis, who bare hym beste, and their namys.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxxii : Cristen men shulden marke suche & fle awey fro hem.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)472 : Ȝif we marken staat of innocense & staat þat aungels han in heuene, þey [priests] shulden not be þus oppressid wiþ erþely drit as riche men ben.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)602 : It wer..A parlious clymbyng whan beggerrs vp arise To hih estat -- merk this in your mynde -- Bi fals prerogatives ther neihbours to despise.
- a1500 Ther ys a body (Hrl 2407)11 : Marke thys wel, man, in thy mynd.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2635 : I myȝt..marked be, And noted eke, of wilful nycete So folily to voyde away my grace.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)364 : Bringinge in of þes [new sects and laws] doiþ harm, And so marke þis as greet synne whanne men passen in oþer of þes.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)427 : Alle þe seid maters and articlis whiche ben markid to be feiþ in þe new testament..crist jhsus reuelid, schewid, tauȝt, or affermed.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)555 : Now am I repreef to my freendys alle, Markyd of many and of the peeple fable.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)134/551 : We haue merkyd amys; I hold vs begyld.
9.
(a) To point out (sth.), indicate; -- sometimes with that clause; comment (on Scriptures); ppl. marked, indicated or described; (b) of St. John the Baptist: to point out Christ in the person of Jesus, declare Jesus to be Christ, make Christ known; (c) to make (words) meaningful, give meaning to, interpret; expound (sth.), teach.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)25/201 : Þe ureisuns þet ich nabbe buten ane imearket [Nero: imerked] beoð iwriten ouer al.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)4 : Crisostom markith there, writinge thus, 'He that techith wel and leuith euele..dampnith himsilf.'
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.1.50 : I wol first marken the by woordes..thilke false cause of blisfulnesse.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)52 : Þou repreuest hem wyth iniurious wordes, markynge in hem the fantasye of vnclene spirites.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)387 : Grete clerkis merken vp-on þis worde of þe gospelle where criste saiþ þus, [etc.].
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)20/12 : He markithe & notithe þat Englonde conteynythe ii and xxti shires.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)47/32 : The place markyd or shewyd..is not with-in the bondes of hys parisshe.
b
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Corp.Chr.(Trin-C R.3.20)114 : Blessed Baptyst..Mooste devoutly gan marken and declare With his fingur, whan he seyde Agnus Dei, Shewing þe lambe which caused oure welfare.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/25 : Sanctus Petrus þæt word mearcode..þa he sæde, 'Drihten, [etc.].'
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)19 : Þe Maundement of Moises þei marked to þat may.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)168 : Y wole reders marke wel þis word fully in þis present trouþe.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)143 : This lessoun schalle þy maistur þe merke.
10.
(a) To take aim; aim at (sb.) with a weapon or missile; aim (blows) at a fortification; (b) to point to (a place or person); (c) to strike (sb.) with a sword, spear, etc., hit; pierce through (someone's waist), slash; better imarked than imint [see iminten v.]; (d) ~ at (to), to aim at (sb.) with a weapon or missile; strike at (sb. or someone's bodily part); ~ in, cut or pierce into (sth.); (e) of Venus, Morpheus, Death: to strike (sb. with a club, wand, torch, etc.); of Cupid's dart: hit (sb.), smite; (f) fig. to afflict (sb. or bodily parts).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1592 : Þe mon merkkez hym [the boar] wel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5155 : Þe..kyng of Frise, Menelaus markid hath ful wel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1368 : He markid hym with a cruel eye.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6988 : Cupide..is depeynt lich a blynd archer, To marke ariht failyng discrecioun.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)799 : [They] Assaylen on eche a side þe cite by halues, Merken myd manglouns ful vn-mete dyntes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6497 : At the knight Carion cast he þat one [spear]..merkit hym euyn.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)462 : Who that is an archer and ys blynde Marketh nothing but sheteth by wenynge.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)337/479,481 : He i-saiȝ a lomb stonde and marki with is riȝt fot ane stude..Seint clement..smot in þulke stude as þat lomb markede [Hrl: merkede] er.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)263/224 : He [Judas] markid vs his maistir emang all his men.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)487 : Thei..marked hym with the fynger.
c
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)320 : He haþ brandist his brond..To Marke [vrr. merk, merke] þi middel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1245 : He..with a spere made hym for to flytte From his sadel..He markyd hym with so gret a myȝt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4224 : On..Markede hym with a bowe of brake.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)3004 : Tak me þi swerd þe fra, And I sal merk him.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2206 : He merkes thurghe the maylez the myddes in sondyre.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)27619 : Sire Gaweyn hym markede þere so sore.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7325 : Ector..merkit hym in mydward the mydell in two.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)434 : Offt is more better I-merkid then I-mynt.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.268 : Rewlers of rewmes..Were..yffoundid..to merke meyntenourz with maces ichonne.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1752 : To Hector he marked haþ so narwe Þat he smote hym euene amyd þe face.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3379 : His swerd he lifte..Markynge at hym..Fully in purpos..To slen Hector.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2067 : Hys swerde owt he get, Strykes þe geant..Merkes euen to his nekk.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7034 : He merkit to Menestaus with a mayn dynt.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3674 : Þe Messedons in þam merkid with þaire mekill brandis.
e
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1991 : Loue hath hir..y-marked with his firy brond.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3645 : Cupidis dart..haþe hym markid so, Þat..he nist what to do.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3714 : Venus haþ marked hem of newe With hir brondes fired by feruence.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2943 : Morpheus with his slepi wond..Hath marked hem ageyn þe dirke nyȝt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3428 : Duk nor Emperour..may hym shroude ageyn þe fatal shour Of cruel deth whan hym list manace To marke a man with his mortal mace.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3791 : Deth..with his darte..maketh doun to fall Riche and poore, hem markyng sodenly.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.690 : The god of loue persed thoruh hir siht, Vnto hir herte markid hir with his arwe.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13318 : Wher I hurte with my darte, Yt ys ful hard ffor to departe..ffro my daunger, Whom-euere I marke.
f
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)77/162 : Þe Jewes..Sall noȝt be merked with þat messe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)287/474 : With myschef on moolde here membrys I merke.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)70/175 : Bot the ebrewes..shall not be merkyd with that measse.
11.
(a) To assign (sb. to do sth.); designate (sb.) to do something; ~ out; me is marked, I am chosen (to be sth.); (b) to appoint or choose (sb.) as (one's subject or servant); select (horses); ?also, single (sb.) out, identify; ~ out; (c) ppl. marked, of persons: destined, predestined; (d) to ordain (sth. for sb.); mete out (to sb. his deserts), allot; impose (one's own deserts); ~ him (the) his (thi) mede, ~ til us slik mede, etc.; inflict (harm or injury on sb.); (e) to offer (sth. to sb.), dedicate; refl. submit (oneself to Christ or the Trinity) for help or support.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 6.27 : Worche ȝe not mete that perischith..which mete mannis sone schal ȝyue to ȝou..God the fadir bitokenede or markede [WB(2): markid; L signavit] him.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)290/519 : To go with yone gest, Yhe marke vs out of þe manliest men.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)431 : Mony in þe myd-ward wer merked to lenge.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1186 : Tytus..with ten þousand helmes Merkeþ mynour[s] at þe wal, wher þey mynde [read: myne] scholde.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)109 : God ches oþur chef kingus, Þat scholde maistrus be maad ovur mene peple; And me is markid to be most of alle oþure.
b
- (1449) RParl.5.154a : William Gerveis, by the coloure of a patente terme of lyfe..divers hors marketh, and taketh suche as ben nothing mete to the Kyngs use.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)135/257 : Þou marc us þi men and make vs in mynde.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)438 : Ȝif alle symonyents weren markid out of Cristendom, and alle apostataes..þe multitude of heretikis wer mor þan þise oþer.
c
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.261 : Howso I werche in þis world, [wrong] oþer ellis, I was markid [vrr. merkyd; mad]..& myn name entrid In þe legende of lif longe er I were.
- (1462) Paston (Gairdner)4.60 : Yelverton and Jeney ar lek for to be gretly ponyschyd, for because they came not hedyr to the Kyng. They are morkyn well inowe.
d
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)46/548 : A, way..Þat him was..so vile deþ y-marked [vr. merkyd]!
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)272 : Of al man aȝt þat god drede, for mirþ he merkis [Vsp: mettes; Göt: settis] mon to mede.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)752 : Þorou skil of þaire awen dede sulde þai merke [Vsp: Suld be mettam; Göt: Suld be markyd þaim; Trin-C: Shulde be merked] þaire awen mede.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)26529 : Suche is criste riȝt-wis-hede þat merkis [Vsp: metes] ilk man his mede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.186 : Wo was hym marked þat wade mote with þe lewed!
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1068 : I sall merke þe thy mede.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)678 : God suld we luf..For he til vs merkes slik mede.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)316/305 : Thus schall I marke my mytyng meede.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)90 : I..wraþede Drihten, Ȝif I for dul of any deþ my destene fledde Þat is markid to me.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)18064 : God sall be his grett pawste merke vnto ylk man his mede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)224/630 : He shall no more hym godys son call; we shall marke hym truly his mede.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)284 : Aswage hee ne sholde With all þe maine þat hee might too merken hem care.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)497 : Of Syria siker oste sechen too fight, With menne of Mesopotame too mark þe teene.
e
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)891 : Þei markeden hem alle þre To him þat þolede deþ on tre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12136 : My maydynhed I merk to myghtifull goddis; Accepte hit as sacrifise.
- c1550(?a1475) Otterburn (Cleo C.4)174 : Every man..marke hym to the trenite.
12.
To strive; intend (to do sth.); undertake.
Associated quotations
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.31 : Mon þat markeþ after his miȝtte..Him shal ofte wel bitiden.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)227/172 : To marre men of myght Haste þou marked in thy mynde.
13.
(a) Of God or the divine power: to create (man, angels, etc.); ~ of molde (upon sand), make (sb. from earth); ~ under mone; (b) to form (sth.); drill (a hole); ppl. marked, of beasts, supernatural beings, etc.: formed, shaped; of persons: disposed, constituted; of things: fashioned, made; of ideas or plans: conceived, formed; marked amis, ?deformed, misshapen; mirie marked, of cheerful disposition.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)588 : Þe Soverayn in sete so sore forþoȝt Þat ever he man upon molde merked to lyvy.
- a1425 Blissed be thow Baptist (Wht)20 : Was neuer..body better of blode..Ne no man markyd on molde more myghty in mede.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1303 : The myghte & þe maiestee, þat menskes vs all, That was merked and made thurghe þe myghte of hym seluen, Gyffe ȝow sytte in ȝour sette.
- c1440(?a1400) St.John (Thrn)2 : Of all mankynde þat he made, þat maste es of myghte, And of þe molde merkede and mesured that tyde, Wirchipede be þou Euaungelist.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)3/58 : Lord! wyth a lastande luf we loue þe allone, Þou mightefull maker þat markid vs and made vs.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)6/130 : Those foles for þaire fayre-hede in fantasyes fell, And hade mayne of mighte þat marked þam and made þam.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)112 : Þe þridde in heuen myd hem is þe holy goste, Neþer merked [vr. markid] ne made, bot mene fram hem passyþ.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.50 : Here is comun the fayrist knyȝte, That euyr ȝette I see with syȝte, Sethen I was market mon [vr. Markyd vnder mone].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4286 : Hom wit lacket Of þe Godhed giffen, þat grew from the sun, Þat all mightyle made & merket of noght.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)246 : She semed non erþely wommon, That marked was of molde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)195/3 : God, that mayde..Heuen and erth..And merkyd man to his lyknes..He saue you all from synfulnes.
- a1500 Ihesu þt was borne (Adv)22 : Þat lord..for hus soffurd pene And markud adam apon þo sond.
b
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)192/20 : Þe senwys & veynys wer so schrynkyn wyth peyne þat it myth not come to þe hole þat þei had morkyn þerfor.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)164 : I am mythful and mery mankyd [read: markyd] in mynd.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1103 : Yif..thow Wilt helpe me to shewe now That in myn hed ymarked ys..Thou shalt se me go as blyve.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)318 : How he [Ammon] is merkid & made is mervaile to neuyn, With..twa tufe hornes, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3921 : Þan come a beste of a busche with a blak heued, Mad & merkid as a Meere.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)135/586 : He is merkyd amys.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1130 : Than askys he þaim alexander..What maner of man vpon mold þat [image] was merkyd [Ashm: made] after?
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 *Nicod.(5) (Wor F.172)5a : Josephe whiche buried the body of Ihesu ye han shit in a Denne or a Couche markyng the key, and at the openyng yee founde hym nat.
Note: Postdates sense.
Note: Probably belongs to sense 5.(a) (or perhaps 8.(a).)
- (1423-4) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.182/1316 : Thomas Smyth, atte Gerland with outen Bisshoppesgate, hath j kilderkyn nought morken, yn þe hous of John Cordewaner atte lilye yn lumbardestrete.
Note: New spelling: ppl. morken.
Note: Belongs to sense 3.(b).
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)86/28 : It were foul and vnsemeli a resonable creature forto do his werkis into noon prefixid and bifore markid purpos and eend.
Note: ?AQ
Note: See MED bifōre- pref., sense 2.: ~ marked, defined beforehand. (This quot. used.)
Note: If kept, belongs to sense 11.
Note: This quot. has been taken back to books.
- (1423-4) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.183/1328 : Horold, atte Crosse yn Tourstrete, hath j Barell is nought morken, yfounde vpon þe shuldres of hese seruantes.
Note: Additional quot. for sense 3.(b).--notes per MLL