Middle English Dictionary Entry
march(e n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | march(e n.(2) Also marchi, merche, & mershlond. |
Etymology | OF marche, from Gmc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The boundary of a country; border district; pl. borderlands, frontiers; the surrounding areas of a town or castle; putten out of marches, to drive (a people) out of their land; (b) a coastal part of a country or area; a maritime region; pl. the limits or bounds of the sea; (c) the land between the principality of Wales and England; also, the region along the Scottish border; -- often pl.; marche(s of scotlond (wales); est (west) marche(s, the East (West) marches of Scotland; (d) fig. link, intermediary.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4352 : Þai..senten after mani mo..For to loke..Al þe marches of Galoine & of Cornwaile þe pleines.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4456 : Þe marche he loked & eke þe pas.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2214 : Lumbardie þei passed & comen into þe marches of þe kingdam of poyle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2551 : The grete Soldan..of Perse Ayein the Caliphe of Egipte A werre, which that him beclipte, Hath in a Marche costeiant.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)187b/b : Pentapolis is a cuntrey in þe marches [L confinio] of Arabya and palestina.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)9883 : Þis castel..Apon þe marche [Vsp: mathe] it standes traist; Of enmye dredis it na fraist.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.11 : Kynde..kepiþ hire [the Lady Anima] þe betere, And haþ don hire to sire dowel, duk of þise marchis.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)204/29 : Ȝit saide Merlyn þat þe dragoun shulde dye in þe marche of anoþer land.
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)291 : Wher pes is, ther ben the marches save.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)3 Esd.4.45 : Judee is put out of her termes, or marchis [L exterminata], of the Caldeis.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)30/10 : Þe Reed See..rynnes in to the marchez [Man.(1): endes; Man.(3): marche] of Araby and Palestyne.
- (1436) RParl.4.499a : Sheweth Humfray, Duc of Gloucestre, Capitayne of the Toune and Castell of Caleys and of all other Castelles in the Marches there. Unto the..Comunes..That, [etc.].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)325 : Marche, myddys be-twyx ij cuntrees: Marchia, confinium.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)68/12 : It dide myche harme in þe marchis to þeire neȝboris, as to robbe or to pulle hoolly alle þo þat þei myȝte gete, as marchauntys and othir passeris forbi were taken & holden.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)6903 : Constreynyd he was, The extremal marchys of hys regyoun To vysyte.
- (1450) RParl.5.183b : Ye..wold take, resume, seise, and reteine in youre handes and possession, all Honoures, Castelles, Lordshippes, Townes..in Englonde, Wales, and in the Marches therof, Irlonde, Guysnes, Caleys, and in the Marches therof.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2696 : Þis maistir of Messedone has on oure marchis entrid.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3538 : Messangers a-pon þe marche him [Alexander] metis belyue, Fra kyng Porrus.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1468 : Þay leven þe labour þe londe to defende, To bisye þaym on þe bordures to bete oute oure foes And maynteyne þe marches fro myschief.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)137 : The duke of lanson whas in that marches and..wolde have fouȝt.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)192/20 : Sende kynges and dewkes to loke unto your marchis.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.21b : Thomas..shuld..forfet unto You all the Castelx, Manoires..within Englond, Irelond, Wales or Caleis, or the Marches therof.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.59a : The said Maire, Feliship, and Merchauntes have susteyned dyvers lostes and charges..for the wele and saufgarde of the said Toune of Caleys and Marches.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)167 : Thei soiourned at bredigan, that was in the marche of breteyne the grete, and in the marche of Carmelide.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1031 : This king..wiste wel thei moten holde Here cours endlong his marche riht.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6198 : Þe boþome of þe ce þere he knew, Hou þe wynde roos and hou it blew, And þe marches of þe cee, jwys, From helle al to Paradys.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)36/16 : Þere is an arm of the see where þat men gon to oþere hauenes in þo marches.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)77b : A march: maritima, maritimus, marchia.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11134 : Þe marcheis he adde sone.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11187 : Sir edward..Sone toward leinte, toward þe march he drou.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)378 : The kyng of Merkyneriche..hade Gloucestreschire, Wyrcestreschire, Warewikeschire..Staffordschire, Derbeschire & Schropschire & Chesterschire, Al the march and Herefordschire, [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.61 : Glowcetre..stondeþ vppon Seuarn in þe marche [Higd.(2): costes; L confinio] of Engelond and of Wales.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.187 : Kyng John..ȝaf..þe castel and al the lordschippe of Eylesmere in þe marche of Wales.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.240 : Edward..sent North & South after his baronage..Atired þer wendyng toward þe Marche right sone.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)71/9 : Arthure..lefte..his nevew forto kepe þe Marche toward Scotland wiþ half his peple.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)205/2 : Kyng Edward deide at Burgh op Sandes, þat is oppon þe marche of Scotland.
- (1425) Proc.Privy C.3.171 : Hit lyked oure souverain lord..to send us to þe marchies..to observe þe dayes and places.
- (1425) RParl.4.276b : The Wardeyns of oure Est and West Marches..shuld have best knowlech of the suffisante or nonsuffisante of swiche as ye Kyng of Scottys offrid.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.377b : Non Englissh man, maried to ony Walsh woman, of the frendshipp..of the saide Owen..shulde be putt in office in Wales, ner in the Marchez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)77 : Whas neuer syche noblay..Mad in mydwynter in þa weste marchys.
- (1449) RParl.5.155a : Yef eny pepull of thes saides Shires..wrongfully were taken..into Walys, or into the Marches of Walys dreven..that such takyng..schuld be adjuggid grete treson.
- (1450) RParl.5.199b : Provided..that the seide Petition..extende not..unto Thomas Derwent..to awayte and attende uppon the Wardeyn and Kepar of oure Towne..of Karliol and of the Westmarches of Englond.
- (1453) RParl.5.267a : The Wardens of the Marches joynyng to Scotlond, called the Estmarche and the Westmarche, have used by thaire Ministres to make attachementz.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)165 : Levlyne, Prince of Walis, began to rebelle..The Kyng went into the Marches.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)996/2 : They cam..to a castell..that was in the marchys of Scotlonde.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)19/10 : Vrbs legionum..stant yn þe marchis [Trev.Higd.: marche; Higd.(2): coste] of Englonde and of Walis be-twix ii armys of þe see, Dea, and Mercea.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)122 : Þe thirde charge ordinarie is the payment of the kepyng of the marches.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)520/9 : In the xxx yere of King Henry þe vite, þe Duke of York came out of þe Marche of Walys.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.183 : Manis soule..is i-cleped orisoun, as it were þe next marche [Higd.(2): coste; L confinium]..bytwene bodily and goostly þinges.
2.
Mercia [orig. the borderland of the English, facing the Britons in the West]; -- sometimes pl.; ~ lond; the ~ of wales; marches laue, laue of marches, the Mercian law [cp. Merchene laue].
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)21 : Þe kyng þat was of þe March..hadde al þat beste; Muche del he hadde of Engelond þat on half al-bi weste.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)44 : Þis fijf kyngues..weren..of kent..of þe Marche of walis, Of Esex [read: Westsex], and of North-homberlond and of est-lond al-so.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)75 : Þe kyng þat was of þe march..Kenulf kyng he was i-cleoped.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)91 : Þe kyng of þe march þulke time hadde wel þe beste, Muchedel of engelond þe on half al bi weste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)110 : Þe kyng of þe march..hadde..Wircestressire..warewik..gloucestre..chestre ssire..derbi ssire..stafford ssire..Scropssire som & aluendel..herefordssire..& al walis ȝvt þer to..Al þis was ȝwile icluped þe march of walis.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)417/170 : To kyng Offa, Fremund was sone and hayr, Regnyng in Mershlond.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.3 (Hrl 2169)205 : Thes beth the vij kyngys that dwellyd yn Yngelond attonys..Roy de Northwmberlonde..Kent..Essex..Sowthsex..Northfolke..Roy de Marchelond. Lyncollchyre.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)20/30 : Oxenforde-shire, Warwyk-shire, Glowcestir-shire, Worcestyrshire, Herdeforde-shire, Shropshire, Stafforde-shire, & Chestureshire..were Jugid lege mercea..þat is þe marches lawe.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)2.87 : These viij mydelleschires and weste were iuggede somme tyme by the lawe of marches, whiche was callede in Englische Merchenelaga.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)6.7 : That cite [Dorchester] longede from that tyme to the bischoppes of the marches [Trev.: of Mercia; L Merciorum] unto the tymes of William conqueroure.
3.
(a) A region, province, district; a country; -- often pl.; also, land, territory; (b) in titles of one of the English kings of arms: south marche(s of engelond, south marche, the area south of the river Trent in England under the jurisdiction of one of the principal heralds of England; ~ king of armes, the King of Arms, or chief herald, of this region; (c) the range or territory of an animal.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)6322 : Forþ þou go..Riȝt to Amis..Þat woneþ in þe marche of Almeyne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.720 : He..al the Marche of thoccident Governeth under his empire.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1417 : A worthi knyht..And for the fame of worldes speche, Strange aventures forto seche..rod the Marches al aboute.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3285 : Jason sore alongeth To se the strange regiouns And knowe the condiciouns Of othre Marches.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3015 : He haþ wonne Grece and Lumbardie..Þe marchis of Fraunce and of Spayne, And Coloyne and ek Almayne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.438 : Austyn at Caunterbury crystened þe kynge, And þorw myracles..al þat marche he torned To..crystendom.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.220 : 'By Marie,' quod a mansed preste of þe marche of yrlonde, 'I counte namore conscience.'
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)114/20 : From þat contree men passen be many marches [Man.(2): placez] toward a contree..þat is clept Mabaron.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)194/24 : All the men of þo yles & of all the marches [Man.(2): iles] þereabouten ben more trewe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)2b/a : Y, Guydo de Caulhiaco..of the marches [Ch.(2): contre; L confinibus] of Aluerne of dioces of Munacenen..haue seen many worchingez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)318 : I sall to batell the brynge..brenyede knyghtes..into whatte marche Þat þow wyll sothelye assygne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)10101 : A parlement hadden they there jn a march that be-twene engelond was and scotlond.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)382 : Among þe men of our march mercy unknowe, For we ben meved to no man mercy to gran[t]e.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13415 : He light in a hauyn, Þat Melaus the men of the marche callyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1972 : Miȝt þou þe marches of Messedoyne mayntene þi-selfe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3193 : Þei [Israelites] conqwerd marches, lesse and more.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)719 : On englisch marche sall þou lende.
- (1464) RParl.5.534b : Provided..that this Acte..extend not..to oure Lettres Patentes..to hym graunted, of the Office of the high Baillywike of oure Countie of Guysnes, in the Marche of Pycardie.
- 1466 Challenge Warw.in PMLA 22 (Lnsd 285)602 : This heraude..declarid his messages Amonges alle the lordis, knyghtis, & Squyers..that were..come doune into the marchis of pycardye.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)22/4 : They shulde have such chere as myght be made for them in thys marchis.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)172 : The sasnes..haue be-seged the Castell of Vandesberes in the marche of Cornewaile.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)130/11 : Þou, which somtyme a viage vpon their [Saracens'] marches, hast knowen of suche lerningis.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)14 : Amyntas þe mightie..Maister of Macedoine, þe marches hee aught.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)68 : Hee ne must in his marche with his menne dwell.
b
- (1451) Grant Arms in Young Barber-S.432 : Y Clarensew Kyng of Armes of the South Marche of Englond..have devysed a Conysaunce in fourme of Armes.
- (1472) Grant Arms in Antiq.49289 : William Hawkeslowe, othir Wise called Clarenseux Kyng of Armes of the Sowthe marches of Englond, sendeth humble and due Recommendacion.
- a1600(1472) Rec.Bluemantle (Add 6113)284 : Therle of Winchestre toke his Congy and was well accompanied to his lodgenge..And these herauldes before hym: Mayster Gartier..Marche, Kinge of Armes, Gyenne, Kinge of Armes.
- a1700(1454) Grant Arms in Hrl.Soc.762 : To alle true cristen people thise present lettres seing or hering, humble Recommendacion by me, Clarensewe king of armes of the South march.
c
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)12 : The hare abideþ comonly in oo contre..no strange hare shal þei neuere suffre come dwelle in hure marchesse, þot þei be of here nature.
4.
Phrases: (a) ~ gate, ?a road across or along a frontier; marche(s man, a native of a region, esp. of a border area; also, a man from the Welsh or Scottish marches in England; ~ stoue, a boundary place, an intermediate region; (b) in titles of English and legendary nobilities.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : Þan lat me þa sawle to merchestowe þat his se morȝemete, si blisse þe he hað an þar sawle.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1237 : Thi marschall..thy mercy besekez..fore mendement of thi pople, Of þise marchez-men, that thus are myskaryede.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2540 : Vn-to a watere he wendis..Þat with þa marchesmen [Dub: marche-men] Mocian was hatten.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5076 : He leuys all þe march-gats..And nymmes a-nothire on þe north.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)522/2 : Þerle of Warwik, with þe Marchemen..entred þe town.
- c1550(?a1475) Otterburn (Cleo C.4)31 : Syr henry perssy..had byn a marchman all his dayes.
b
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)740/28 : Than cam the kynge of Irelonde and the kynge of the Streyte Marchis to rescowe sir Trystram.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)800/22 : So thus departed sir Bedyvere of the Strayte Marche.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)520/29 : Þerl of Marche..was commyng with x ml men to London-ward.
- 1558(a1456) Shirley TContents(2) (Add 29729)52 : My lady of huntyngeton..lythe entered at sainte Kateryn, ye contesse of ye marche in hur tyme.
5.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1207) CRR(2) 561 : Ricardus Marchepais.
- (1287-8) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.514 : Thomas March.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3230 : Johannes le Marche.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3233 : Johannes atte March.
- -?-(1333) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9628 : Willelmus de la Marche, taillour.