Middle English Dictionary Entry
malard(e n.
Entry Info
| Forms | malard(e n. Also mallard, malerde, mallerd, mallart, maulard(e, maulerd, mav(e)lard & maudelard(e, maudlart, mathelard; pl. malardes, etc. & mal(l)ard. |
| Etymology | OF malart, mallart, marlart, maslart 'wild drake', malarde 'wild duck' & ML mallardus, mallertus, maulardus, madlardus, mathlardus 'drake'; ?from Gmc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A wild duck or drake (Anas platyrhynchos, i.e. A. boschas); wild drake [quot.: Arth.& M., Merlin]; (b) a domestic duck or drake; drake [quot.: 1381, a1500]; (c) in terms for a flock of ducks; (d) ?a diving bird, diver, plungeon.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4140 : Þe cherl bent his bowe sone & smot a doke mididone, & wiþ a bolt afterward Anon he hitt a maulard.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)28/310 : Of game þai founde wel gode haunt: Maulardes, hayroun, and cormeraunt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141a/a : Þilke þat beþ colde & moyste of kynde vsiþ mareys and ryuers..as cootes & wilde malardes [L anates] and swannes.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)105/16 : Withouten þaim er many vyuers and stankes, whare on er many fewles of riuer, as swannes and cranes..and mawlardes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)11559 : Wylde mathelardes he slowh also.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)125/1 : In the dikis and the pondis arn gret noumbre of gees and mathelardis [Rwl: mallardis; L anatum] and swannys.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)221 : Laners and lanerettis lightten to thes endes, Metyn with the maulerdes and many doun striken.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)182/572 : Mylk and flesshe acord nat togedir to ete at a mele elles, congre, houndsfisshe, soles, porpos, gose, malard and oþer water fowles.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)167 : Than he shette a-nothir bolte and slowgh a malarde [F marlart].
b
- (1381) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.4 : John Remmesbury..hath deliuered to william Hunte..xxi ȝonge gees..xix [en]ede[s] and maulardes.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)323 : Malarde, bryde: Anas.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)330 : Mavelarde, idem quod Malard.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Origo Mundi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)1199 : My a offryn mallart da.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2600 : Eek gees is good to haue..For thei wil wake folke that ar aslepe..The mavlard in the dich and in the wallis.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)624 : Anas: mallard; anata: doke.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)701/8 : Nomina volatilium domesticorum..Hic, hec natis, Anglice, a malerde. Hec anas, Anglice, a duke.
c
- (1448) in Hodgkin Proper Terms57 : A sowrde off malardys.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A Sorth of malerdes.
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A sourde of mallard.
- (a1475) in Hodgkin Proper Terms53 : A sort of mallarttus.
- (c1475) in Hodgkin Proper Terms51 : A fflusche of mallardys.
- a1500 Terms Assoc.(3) (Lamb 306)233 : A Sorte of malardis.
- (a1500) in Hodgkin Proper Terms55 : A Soorde of malardes.
d
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)8 : Faukon terssel le plunison fert..ffaukon terssel ye mallard smytyþ.
2.
(a) A duck, male or female, wild or tame, used for food; grese of the ~, duck grease; (b) in medical recipes: grese (fatnesse) of ~, duck grease.
Associated quotations
a
- (1333-4) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9920 : In xxvj gallinis et ij maulardes empt., iiij s. ix d. ob.
- (1348) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9943 : In 5 Mallard domestic. et 5 Mallard de Ryver.
- (1373) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.164 : [He bought..] 4 malard, 4 teles, 2 wodecok, [and a] partrich.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.109 : For to make a mallard in cyney. Tak a mallard and pul hym drye and swyng over the fyre.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)pp.65-6 : Sawse Noyre for Malard..do þerto powdour of gyngur ad of peper & þe grece of the Maulard.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester10 : Feysaunts, partreches, malardes, telys, and stykkes of Bryddes and all Wyldfoul, same manere.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)438 : Take malardes and make hom clene and chop hom and sethe hom with gode brothe of beef in a pot.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)441 : Sause Neyger for Maudelard Roasted. Take bredde steped in vynegar..and the grese of the maudelard.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)8 : Take Mawlard or Gees, an chop hem smal.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)14 : Conyng, Mawlard in gely or in cyuey.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)604 : A cheken y frushed, a malard vnbrasyde.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)80 : Take Conyng, Hen, or Mallard, and roste him.
- (1465) Acc.Howard in RC 57433 : In moton, vj d.; in mallardes, v d.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.213 : Item, in mallardes, iij doseyn. Item, in plovers, iij doseyn.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.27 : Sawce for Mawdelardes rosted.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)55 : Stued mawdelarde..Thenne rosted mawlarde.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)402 : Every goos, teele, Mallard, Ospray, & also swanne -- reyse vp þo leggis of alle þese furst.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)192/1259f : They weryn servid..With Malardes wylde and fesaunt.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)80b/a : And summe seien þat, if he vse malardis & cockis, it helpiþ muche in þis caas.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)306 : He broȝt a heron with a poplere..Þe maudlart and hur mech; And a wylde swan was bake.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)74/39 : It nedes man lyuyng..to torne aȝeyn to hote meites..as puletys & motoun & fruturs & rostyd mallerdes.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)195 : A malard of the downghyll ys good y nogh for me.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)181/16 : Anoynte þe place wiþ grece of a maulard [L cum adipe anatis].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)171b/a : Be þe herbez..stamped with sufficiens of swinez grece or of anatez, i. mallardez [Ch.(2): dokes] wiþ out salte.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)163a/a : Take..þe fatnesse of ane henne & of a maularde.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)69a/a : Þe grese of a mawlard.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)100a/b : R[ecipe] þe grese of hennys, of swyne, of goos, & of malard.