Middle English Dictionary Entry
līm n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | līm n.(2) Also lime, liem, leime & (in surn. only) lum- & (error) liþin. |
Etymology | OE līm; sense 3. (e) perh. affected by L līmus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Lime produced by calcining limestone, etc.; calcium oxide, quicklime; brent ~, hot ~, neue ~, quik ~, unquenched ~, unslekked ~; also, calcium hydroxide, slaked lime; quenched ~, slekked ~; also, lime, whether from calcined limestone or burnt shells, used in medicaments; (b) quicklime to be cast in the eyes of enemies; (c) marlinge ~, a mixture of clay and carbonate of lime used to improve soil; (d) gypsum; (e) med. oinement (unguent) of ~, a salve containing lime.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)5/14 : Wið oman..Nim litargio twentiȝe scillinga ȝewyht and niwes limes [L calcem vivam] twentiȝa scillinga ȝewihte.
- (1390) in Salzman Building in Engl.149 : Pro v doliis de slekkydlym'.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.806 : Vnslekked lym, chalk, and gleyre of an ey, Poudres diuerse, asshes, donge, pisse, and cley.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)197b/b : Lyme hatte cals and is a stoon y-brent.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)223a/a : Draguncia..helpiþ þe kankir wiþ vynegre and hoot lyme.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)122/1 : Caste aboue þe wounde þe poudre of lym tofore seid.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)344/5 : Stoonys, oistres, & schellis of eiren..ben brent þat me mai make lyme of hem.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5927 : Þei ne myȝt se Nouȝt but smoky resoluciouns..like exalacouns Of newe lyme whan þat it is meint Wiþ water colde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4179 : The temperure of the morter [for a tower] Was maad of lycour wonder der; Of quykke lym, persant and egre, The which was tempred with vynegre.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)148b/b : Water sublimed of calce viue..and calx ouorum and vnslekked lime.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)34a/b : The þridde fourme is enoyntynge of towgh claye and of quyk lyme [L calce viua].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)63a/b : Albucasis putteþ þerto þre parties of calx vyf, i. vnquenched lyme.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)5/17 : Take askes of almebarke & vnslekked lyme.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)48/8 : Take brynt lym & mak powdir þer-of.
- (1442) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 7114 : John Bats ij bz lyem.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)217 : Contra omnem scabiem. Tak arpment & slekyd lyme & argoyle.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)73/9 : Poudere for kanker or for festre. Take myrre..lupynes, and qwenchyd lyþin [?read: lyym].
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)85/28 : Take..o party of brynston and vnqwenched lym.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)93a/a : Take lyme brent and make þerof poudre.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)2/8 : Take a pound of slekyd lyme and a galoun of clene water and stere hym to-gader tylle þe water be whit.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)1482 : Qualitees passive..suffren the actiues evermore, as stones to be lyme, and watter to be frore.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6427 : Troyens..Putte hem of..With bowe turkeys & schot of arblasteris..Wiþ lym also and cast of wylde fyre.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)649 : With pottes ful of lyme they gon togidere.
c
- (?1464) Acc.Howard in RC 57452 : Iteme, in marlenge lyme, ij s.
d
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)74a : Lyme:..gipsus.
e
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)174a/a : 4a. fourme is vnguentum de calce, i. white vnguent of lyme.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)182b/b : The fourþe fourme is þe oynement of lyme..Take of calx vif wasched..in colde water..and make þerof an oynement..with sufficiaunt oyle of rose.
1b.
Lime used in the making of mortar, cement, plaster, and whitewash; flour of ~, powdered lime.
Associated quotations
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)439 : De sablon, chaux, et de piere; With sonde, lym, and ston.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.68 : [In..] le salthouse lyme [and sand].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1594 : Ther let he make of lym and sond A strengthe where he wolde duelle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)197b/b : Lyme..by medlyng þer of wiþ sond and wiþ water cement is y-made..lyme is nedefulle to buldynge, for a stone may not cleue til anoþer strongliche but þay be ioynede with lyme.
- (1426) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.14 : Alle manere of mattere to the stepel fornsaid, that is to say: free stoon, lyme and calyoun, water and soond.
- (1431-2) *Mun.B.Bridgewater805 : For stonys, leyme & sonde, pynnys & naylys.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)525 : Whyton, wythe lyme: Calcifico, decalceo.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.1131,1134 : To make hit [a bath] hool and watir wel to holde..flour of lyme [L florem calcis] in oil if thou confounde, And helde hit in, vphelith hit bigrounde..Eek bolis blood With oil and flour of lyme admyxt is good.
- (1447-8) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 488 : Vor lyme to wassche the awterys, ij d.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5088 : Þar was a cite in þat side asisid all with gemmes, With-outen lyme or laire [L sine calce constructa], a lady it kepid.
- (1465-6) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 87.m.4d : The Tuwell of þe said Sege..they hadd stopped vpp with brike, lyme, and sand.
- (1465-6) Acc.Howard in RC 57323 : Item, for j lode of sande..Item, to the same place iij sakkes lyme.
2.
(a) Mortar for use with stone, tile, or brick in building; ~ and ston, stone masonry; (b) fig. ~ of love, the binding power of love.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16285 : Þatt draȝhenn swerd wass inn an hannd, & lim & stan inn oþerr.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15476 : Þa bi-gunnen heo wal a þere dic ouer al, & heo lim & stan leiden to-somne.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)221 : Ine þe burȝ..Beoþ twe tures ipiȝt Of lym & of marbelston.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)20 : Þis temple..is ymaud of lym and ston.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2552 : Ðo sette sundri hem to waken His tigel and lim, and walles maken.
- (1390) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5258/2 : Pro tegulis et lyme, vna cum posicione vnius furneys in coquina.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7233 : He..made ther a cite newe..of lym and Ston In al the world so fair was non.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1149 : Tregetours..Haue maad come in..Som tyme a castel, al of lym and stoon.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.501 : Euery wriȝt..swyche as werne able for to serue With lym or stoon, for to reise a wal.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.209 : Þe chirche is taken..for þe hous of liym [vr. lyme] and stoon.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)765 : Thow [a wall] sufferest for to gon Oure wordes thourgh thy lym and ek thy ston.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)305 : Lyme, or mortare: Calx.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)26.410 : A Rial plase of lym & of ston that next the Castel of Emelianz stood.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)39 : My brigge is y-maade of lyme and stone.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)117/13-5 : Ne drede ȝe nawt hwil ȝe beoð se treowelich & se feste ilimet wið lim [L transl. cementum; F transl. cyment] of anred luue euch of ow to oþer, for na deofles puf ne þurue ȝe dreden bute þet lim falsi.
3.
(a) Birdlime; ~ of an ok, ?birdlime made from the berries of mistletoe growing on an oak, or from oak leaves; brid ~ [see brid 5. (a)]; (b) fig. something that entraps; (c) ?glue; (d) ?mineral pitch, bitumen; (e) mud, slime.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1056 : Þe louerd þat sone underȝat Liim [Jes-O: Lym], & grineþ [?read: grine þe] wel eiwat Sette & ledde þe forto lacche.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.77 : Take þere [read: þe] þridde part of sowre Dokkes and flour þerto, & bete it togeder tyl it be as towh as eny lyme.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29082 : Mani man..Perist was als fuxl in lime.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)420 : So dooþ womman after mysdoyng, Ne can no shame ne no repentyng, Er she be lauȝtte in her folye So in þe lyme is þe fleiȝe.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)69b/b : Viscum: lyme.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)7.406 : Lymes [Hnt: Ho so laith lynes for to lacche foules].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)169b/a : Recipe..glutinis alcamli, And þat is lyme [L viscus] wiþ which briddez bene take.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7751 : This Archer..slees the Gregeis, as men take sparwes With lym or net or lymȝerdes.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)57b/b : Take of soure dowghe, of hony..of þe lyme of an oke [*Ch.(1): visci quercini, i. bridlyme made of ooke].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)151b/b : Take..of fisshe glewe, of þe lyme of an oke.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)305 : Lyme, to take wythe byrdys: Viscus.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.941 : Be not as a birde lapped in lyme, That by subteltie of craft is caused to tary.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)74a : Lyme for byrdes: viscus, viscum.
b
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4571 : O, euery prince or kyng moot ben eschu, In al maneere, of þi [i.e. the miser's] lym and þi glu.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2437 : Fyre with erth hath moste concorde of alle Bicause þat siccite is the lyme of hete.
c
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)541/12 : Gluten: lim.
d
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)51/1146 : Þe wise man dede make a dich Ful of lim and of pich, Þat ȝif he aȝen wald come, Þat þe traitur sscholde bi nome.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1186 : Also mote bytyde the As hym that in the lym was dede..He sette a deppe caudron of bras, A manere of glowe he dyde thareinne..And in the caudron sone he lepe, And anoon he styked faste.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)292a/a : Limax is a worme of lyme and haþ þat name limax for he bredeþ in lyme [L limo] oþer of slyme.
4.
Cpds. & combs.: (a) ~ berere, one who carries lime; ~ brennere, one who calcines limestone; also in place name; ~ brushe, a brush for applying birdlime; ~ hous, a building where limestone is calcined; ~ kilne, a kiln for calcining limestone; ~ kilne-lond, land about a limekiln; (b) ~ man, a man who calcines, carries, or sells lime; ~ oste, a limekiln; ~ pit, a pit where limestone is quarried or calcined; ~ portour, one who carries lime; ~ pot, a pot to contain birdlime; ~ ridel, a sieve for lime; (c) ~ rod, a twig smeared with birdlime; ~ ston, limestone used either for calcined lime or for building purposes; also, a block of limestone; ~ twig, a twig smeared with birdlime; ~ water, a solution of slaked lime in water; ~ whiting, a mixture of slaked lime and water used to whitewash a wall; ~ wright, prob. = ~ brennere; ~ yerde, a stick smeared with birdlime for catching birds; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- (1296) Halmote R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.826 : Septem acras terræ apud limkilne.
- (1311-12) Freeman R.in KRec.18193 : Roggerus de Colingeham, limberner.
- (1338) Doc.Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32208 : Item, cuidam comburenti j lymkilne.
- (1339-40) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.436 : [The lane called] Lymbrennereslane [near Secollane].
- (1355-6) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100557 : In 1 Lymkilne comburend. apud Pytingdon.
- (1421) Fabric R.Yk.Min.in Sur.Soc.3544 : Pro cariagio dicti calcis a Shirburn usque lymehouse Beati Petri.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : Als mykill wode and colles..as will suffys and serryf yaim to ye birnyng of all ye lymkilnes yat schall be made to ye forsaid werk.
- (1432) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)214/14 : Item paie alle lymbrynner pur ml. lyme iij li.
- (1437) *Will Bury232 : He wole that Robert his sone haue a berne & a gardyn with the lymekelne & the lymkelnelond.
- (1443-6) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum357 : Joh[ann]is Grene, lymburner.
- (1446) Invent.Lytham in Chet.n.s.6081 : Lymehous. In lyme there be estimacion iiij quarters.
- (1457-8) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29209 : Expensae..Johanni Smyth pro combustione unius lymekyln.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57154 : To pay to a lyme brenner ffor lyme.
- (1470) Paston (Gairdner)5.78 : Ye owe..Rob. Newton, lymebrenner, for lyme.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)217 : A Lyme pott or brusche: viscarium, viminarium.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)134/23 : He was put in hote brennyng lyme-kylne and closed þeryn, forto haue ben brent.
- -?-(1394-5) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9696 : Thomas de Tadcastre, lymeberer.
b
- (1344) *Acc.Exch.K.R.492/26.m.2 [OD col.] : Pro iiij rastellis ferri emptis pro Lympittes.
- (1344) *Pipe Roll (PRO) 18 Edw.III m.45 [OD col.] : In vj hirdelles pro lymeputtes.
- (1354) Select Case KB in Seld.Soc.8296 : Ibi dictus Iohannes leuauit quemdam toralum vocatum lymhost subtus gardinum domini regis.
- (1380) *Anc.Deed (PRO) C.364 [OD col.] : [Grant by John Haddele of a cottage, & c. to Peter atte Hacche, near] les lymhostes.
- (1382) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)150 : Le Lymhostes juxta le Redeclyf.
- (1388) *Mun.B.Bridgewater54 (10) : Joh. Bike habet unum lymepitt.
- (1417) Let.Bk.Lond.I (Gldh LetBk I)185 : [Inquest held before] les Lymehostes [within the liberty and franchise of the City].
- (1421) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)150 : Le Lymost by Stebynheth.
- (1440) in Salzman Building in Engl.151 : [To Richard Kynge, lymebrenner, working in charge of] le lymoste.
- (1444) in Salzman Building in Engl.333 : [A long] picheyngyrne [of iron for the] lymeost.
- (1452-4) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)338/6 : Paye for lyme to þe lyman.
- (1459) Acc.St.Margaret Southwark in BMag.32641 : Payd to the lyme man for lyme, v s.
- (1472-3) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100413 : Pro 8 tribulis et 1 lymeridyll.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)74a : A lyme pott or A brusch: viscarium, viminarium.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)324 : Ye haue her biside men þat havith great plente of fire for stonys..to be brent in your lyme-pyttis.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)703/5 : Hoc viscerium: a lymepott.
- -?-(1365) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9662 : Thomas de Brumpton, lymeman.
- -?-(1389) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9688 : Thomas Hughesson, lymportour.
- -?-(1403) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96107 : Johannes, fil. Johannis Hastynges..lymeportour.
- -?-(1413) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96120 : Johannes Scoreby, de Brotherton, lyman.
c
- (1279) in Fransson Surn.183 : Hugo le Limwryte.
- (?c1375-a1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3574 : The feeld of snow, with thegle of blak ther inne, Caught with the lymerod.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)89b/a : Vnkynde hete..is excitid..whan colde watir is I-þrowe on a lyme ston þat is I-brent.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)305b/a : Hete gendreþ raþere blak colour in wete woode and grene þan whitnesse in lyme stones.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)9.179 : Leccherye in likyng is lymeȝerde of helle.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : Ye saides Th', John, And Rob't schall gett lymstane And birne itte.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7751 : This Archer..slees the Gregeis, as men take sparwes With lym or net or lymȝerdes.
- (1428-9) *Mun.B.Bridgewater15 : For þe mason ys werke..ffor lym stonys to þe same.
- (1435) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2446 : Pro lymestones emptis ad idem.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)305 : Lyme ȝerde [Win: Lym herde]: Viminarium, viscarium.
- (1441) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2451 : Pro lymestone ad domum Roberti Barone.
- a1450 PPl.B (Bod 814)5.355 : Lymȝerdis [Ld: And þanne gan he go..As who-so leyth lynes forto lacche foules].
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)231 : No reules mad be Augustin, Benet, and Fraunceys adde no more perfeccion over the Gospel than doth lym-whiting onto a wal.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15035 : Yiff the fowlere..Shewede..To thrustelys and to ffelde-ffaarys Hys lymtwygges, hys panterys, And hys nettys.
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)193 : Of no fowler I wole no more be iapid; From ther lyme-twiggis I wol fleen ferr aside.
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)268 : Thy lyme twyggis & panteeris I defye.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)165 : All gentyll fowlys schall yow lothe..Yowre lyme twygges to yow lyttyll schall avayle.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)1.424 : To mak brasyl water..Tak brasil and shave it, and tak lyme water and seth it with.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)564 : Þe penounes & þe pomels..Wiþ-drawen his deuocion..I likne it to a lym-ȝerde to drawen men to hell.
5.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.24].
Associated quotations
a
- (1226) Doc.Ireland in RS 5387 : Hugo le limbernere.
- (1264) Doc.Ireland in RS 53160 : Osbertus de Limpute.
- (1269) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88212 : Per Walterum de Lymberewe.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19236 : Adam Lumbernare.
- (1316) Close R.Edw.II377 : Thomas de Lymekilne.
- (1321-2) RParl.1.406b : Dionise la Lymbrennere de Loundres.
- (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7199 : Radulphus le lymputtes.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3104 : Walterus le Lymberyer.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10183 : Beatrice Relicta Willi de Lympette.
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10296 : Beatrice atte Lympette.
- (1365-7) Acc.Dover in Archaeol.Cant.2582 : Alexander Lymberner.
b
- (1273-4) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.18 : [Rents in] Lymstrate [and elsewhere].
- (1367) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)150 : Le Lymhostes.
- (1373-5) *Mun.B.Bridgewater1650 : Lymbrugge.
- (1387) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)587 : Le lympittes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1525 BodEMus.52 Artist.Recipes (BodEMus 52) 183/27 : Take schepis skyne or calvys skyne and cast it in a lum pyte and let it lye þer 9 dayes or 10.
Note: Additional quote, sense 4.(b).
Note: New spelling (lum- currently listed 'in surn. only').
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1a.(e)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. oinement of lime.