Middle English Dictionary Entry
knẹ̄len v.
Entry Info
Forms | knẹ̄len v. Also knel(e, cnelen, kneli, cneli, knelle(n, & kneole(n, cneole(n, kneoli, cneoli, cneoulen, kneuli, cneulen, kneuliȝen, knewlen, cnewlen & cnyle. Forms: p. knẹ̄lede, etc. & knẹ̄̆ld(e, (error) kenelede; ppl. i)knẹ̄led. |
Etymology | OE cnēowlian |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To kneel, fall to the knees, genuflect; (b) ~ adoun (doun, dounward), kneel down; -- also refl.; (c) ?to kneel in childbirth.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29654 : A þan ilke stunde þer stod ure drihten, þer he pihte his stæf; him seolf he cneoulede þer neh.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)83 : Gif he cneuleð in chirche.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14/25 : Hwa se ne con þeos fiue, segge þe earste adoramus te cneolinde fifsiðen, & blescið ow wið euchan of þeose gretunges.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14/1 : Wendeð ow to ure leafdi onlicnesse & cneolið wið fif auez.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)21/1 : Biginne þrefter þe ilke fif gretunges..ant alswa cneolin [Nero: kneolinde] to euchan.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)54/5 : Seinte stefne..vnderueng ham gledliche mid hommen i-uolden, þet is cneolinde.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)323 : Ȝwane it saiȝ þe freres sitten a-kneo, kneuli it wolde al-so.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9047 : Rion was him about..& dede him tviis knely arawe & al mast hadde him yslawe.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5268 : So he mett him in þat stede, Þat his stede knewele he dede.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)70/1387 : Beues kneuled & nolde nouȝt stonde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)873 : Wiȝtly he vp-rises, & kurteyslyche kneling, þat komli he grett.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.897 : Ther kneled in the hye weye A compaignye of ladyes tweye and tweye.
- c1390 In a Chirche (Vrn)1 : In a Chirche þer I con knel Þis ender day in on Morwenynge.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.293 : And doun vpon hir knees she gan to falle And with sad contenance kneleth stille.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)61b/b : Men wepen þe rather ȝif þey knele, for kynde wole þat þe yȝen & þe kneen hauen mynde where þey were I-fere in þe modir wombe in derknes ar he come in to þe liȝt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8177 : Þe tres he keist and kneled þare; He was haler þan euer are.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.310 : And but if his knaue knele..He loureth on hym.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.177 : Whan þe coluer kam þus, þenne knewele [vrr. knewlen, kneled, knelde] þe peuple.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5757 : Whiles þei knele, preie, & wake.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.70 : Allas, I may nought rise, To knele and do yow honour in som wyse.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mark 15.19 : And thei smyten his heed with a reed..and thei kneliden and worschipiden hym.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1232 : For there hath Eneas ykneled so, And told hire al his herte and al his wo.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)68/13 : Sche fel down þat sche mygth not stondyn ne knelyn, but walwyd & wrestyd wyth hir body, spredyng hir armys a-brode.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)279 : Knelyn: Geniculor.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1199 : Knelande he his prayers mase.
- c1460 Vndir a park (Hrl 2255)26 : Euere kneelyd and Clepyd on my Creature To haue knowlage of the glorye that glood.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)185/14 : Than were this messyngers aferde and knelyd stylle and durste nat aryse.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)79/198 : Ye, serys, knelyth and I xal gyve ȝow goddys benyson.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)70a : To Knele [Monson: Knelle]: adgeniculure..genuare, flectere.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)739 : Robert he fand kneland prayand, Hys orysons contynuand.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2374 : Heo biheold upward, wið upaheuen heorte; & cneolinde duneward, þus to Criste cleopede.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)21/223 : Þai kneled adoun al y-fere & praid him..Þat he no schuld nouȝt fram hem go.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1697 : And eek also wher as he say thymage Of Cristes moder hadde he in vsage..to knele adoun and seye His Aue Marie.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.925 : Com forth anon and kneleth here adoun And mekely receyueth my pardoun.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.162 : Þise mad R. [Richard] homage douhteli, kneland doun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4003 : And þanne of Grekis worþi dukes tweyne Ful humblely gonne doun to knele.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2037 : I bicom his man..And knelide doun, with hondis joynt.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)121/288 : Þen sore wepyng Poul knelid adowne..And prayd hyle to Godis oune Sun.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)15/30 : Alexander..knelid doun with grete reuerence & kyssed þe ymage.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)225 : Þere downe knelus he And prayus till Him þat was so fre.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)6/2 : Fair Seris, knele we all down and thanke we Gode of the grete goodnes that he hath sent to vs.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)206/1682 : The mesanger..come to Achelles in that seson, And knelled adown and seyd þus.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)211 : Bothe knelyd doun..and worchepe dede to god.
c
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3205 : Here ys þe wombe ȝe boþe ynne ware, Þys body ȝow bar wiþ wo & kare, Y am sche þat for ȝow kneled; Now þenk o þat sorwe þat y þenne feled!
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)648 : Sche knelyd doun vpon þe ground, And þere was born seynt Edemound.
2.
In phrases: (a) with verbs: comen ~ (knelinge), to come and kneel; ~ and bouen (to, ~ and louten (to, ~ and louten biforen, kneel and pay homage (to, kneel and bow in token of worship or obedience; bouen (louten) other ~, etc.; lien knelinge, kneel; (b) with adverbs: ~ bi, to kneel nearby; ~ biforen, kneel in someone's presence; ~ (doun) therto, kneel down before something; ~ up and doun, ?kneel with the body first upright and then bent forward or resting back on the heels; ~ ther ovenon, kneel upon something; (c) with prepositions: ~ at, to kneel at (sth.), kneel beside; ~ at (to, toforen) fet, ~ at step, kneel at (someone's) feet; ~ aforn (ayen, ayenes, to, toforen, toyenes, doun unto, unto), kneel before (sb. or sth.), kneel in front of, kneel in the presence of; ~ (adoun) biforen, kneel before (sb. or sth.); (d) with prepositions: ~ on (upon), to kneel on (sth.), fall to the knees on; ~ (doun) on (upon) kne(s [see kne lb. (h)]; ~ on erthe, ~ (adoun) on ground, ~ upon ground, ~ (doun) to erthe, ~ (doun) to ground, kneel on the ground, fall on the knees to the ground.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6138 : Te birrþ cnelenn to þin Godd & lutenn himm & lakenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11392 : Þe birrþ biforr þin Laferrd Godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14/3 : & to ower relikes luteð oþer cneolið [Nero: cneoleð oþer luteð].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14/24 : Ed Veni creator buheð oðer cneolið [Nero: kneoleð] efter þet te dei is.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2927 : Afforn him sone com knely þat may..þat was so god.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.70 : Þe lewede Men..comen vp knelynge [vr. kneolynge] and cusseden his Bulle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12987 : And al i giue þam þe fra nu If þou to me wil knel and bu.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.105 : Knelynge [vrr. kneolynge, knelyd], consience to þe kyng loutide.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.17 : Alkyn creatures shulden knelen & bowen Anon as men nempned þe name of god, Ihesu.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.70,71 : Angeles out of heuene come knelyng & songe..Kynges come after kneled [vr. knelynge] & offred Mirre & moche golde.
- c1400 Who-so loueth endeles (Sim)31 : Men wolden aftur knele & loute.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2784 : Pirrus..was goon on pilgrymage..To Appollo to knelen & to loute.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.1955 : The day gan cleere, the sunne gan shewe briht Whan Theodosie deuoutli lay knelyng.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1217 : He nam þe hude..he cnelede þar ufenan.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19976 : Arður..lette bringen..halidomes wel icoren, þer to gon cneoli þe king sume þrie.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)26/13 : Biginnen leafdi swete leafdi as ear þe forme tene, þe fifti cneolinde up & dun, þe oþre cneolinde iriht up stille..þe þridde tene adun & up o þe elbohen riht to þer eorðe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.27 : Þere is in þe cop of an hille an burielles..and ȝif a pilgryme kneleþ þerto, anon he schal be al fresche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1172 : Whan sche wol sitte, I knele by, And whan sche stant, than wol I stonde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5046 : Þai hailsed him, kneland biforn [Trin-C: on kne biforn; Frf: knelande him be-forne].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.195 : Conscience..of þe crosse carped And conseilled me to knele þer-to.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)41/20 : Till his forsaid signet swilk reuerence þai do, þat when þai see it passe before þem, þai knele doun þerto.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.322 : So wentest thou forth to that Roser and Anon therto thou kneledist ther.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17702 : He cneolede to þan kingge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)24163 : Cneole me to, Beduer, þu art min hexte birle her.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)25 : Þu..abugest gode and cnewlest togenes him and biddest þat all his wille wurðe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)145/9 : Ðanne ðu wilt at gode ani þing beseken, cnyle ðar niðer toforen hise fet.
- c1275 Þene latemeste dai (Clg A.9)3 : Þah me kneoli ou bi-uore..From þe dreorie deað he mai no mon at-blenche.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)367 : Toniȝt ssal mani kniȝtchild knele ȝou biforen.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)761/9 : Þe riche leuedies in hoere bour..maden hem glad..Men keneleden hem biforen.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)482 : Þe kaue [read: knaue]..knelede bifor þat iudas And seyde, 'louerd, merci nov.'
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1320 : Þou shalt bere In engelond corune yet; Denemark shal knele to þi fet.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)268/254 : Þis Monek wolde kneuli a-ȝeinest hire [Corp-C: aȝen hure kneole].
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)544 : Þe bischop of Salesburi and of Northwiche al-so Wepinde knevleden to [Hrl: Kneulede tofore] seint thomas.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)53 : In he wende a-non And kneolede adoun bi-fore þe croiz.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7607 : So varþ monye of þis heyemen in chirche me may yse, Knely [vrr. Kneleþ, Kneuliȝeþ, knele] to god as hii wolde al quic to him fle.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)23/250 : He..had y-had kniȝtes of priis Bifor him kneland.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)36/418 : He kneled adoun bifor þe king.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)660 : Þat menskful may..com ful comliche clad & kneled him bi-fore.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2107 : He..goþ to þemperour of grece..kneleþ to him karfully, & mercy him krieþ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.991 : Thanne sholde nat the synnere sitte as hye as his confessour but knele biforn hym or at his feet.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4816 : Men þam taght quilk was ioseph, And dun þai kneld at his fette [Göt: at his step].
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)4658 : And knele bifor him [Vsp: knele him] als a king.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.42 : Þanne mede for hire mysdedis to þat man knelide [vr. knellyd].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.124 : A lunatik..knelyng to þe kyng, clergealy..seyde, 'Crist kepe þe, sire kyng.'
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.104 : And whan I come to þe kirke and sholde knele to [vr. tofor; A vrr. beforn, afore] þe Rode, And preye for þe pople as þe prest techeth.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.28 : To be cald a knyght is fair, for men shal to hym kneole.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.91 : The þridde kynge cam þo and kneolede to iesu.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2072 : Þe burne..Prayses þe porter bifore þe prynce kneled.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.536 : Mornyng in blak & knelynge ay aforn Þe dede cors of þis worþi knyȝt.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)9/14 : Þei kneled to him & skornede him.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)418 : Whenne þat he to þe kyrke com, Tofore þe rode he knelyd anon, And on hys knees he felle.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)12.3 : A messenger..knelid to-forn him vppon kis [read: his] kne.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)9 : A lord aroos..and kneled hym doun before þe queen.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)111 : Alle þey gunne knele here too [vr. vntoo].
- c1450(c1393) Chaucer Scog.(Benson-Robinson)43 : Scogan, that knelest at the stremes hed Of grace.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1145 : Þai knelyd doune at þe water syde, And pitously þai prayed þat tyde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)112/18 : I kneled halfe an owre before hym in the myre fo[r] to sauff my brothirs lyff.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)242/7 : The deukeis eldyst sonne..kneled downe unto the kynge and besought hym of his grace.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)78/186 : Swete systerys, to ȝow..I knele; To receyve me I beseche ȝour charyte.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)403 : Before þe awter þey knelyd ychone Vnto mydnyght were all goone.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)869 : And therfor all we..Knele onto yower hygh souereynte; For to be crystenyd ys ower intent.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)124 : And, myȝtestou amenden vs wiþ money of þyn owne, Þou chuldest cnely bifore Crist in compas of gold, In þe wide windowe westwarde.
d
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)7/128 : Þemperur þar a fonde Adoun a kneulede on þe grounde Ase hit was riȝt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2131 : Adoun þay gunne falle, knelyng on þe erthe stille, þay worschepede hem [relics] þanne with al hure miȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.825 : Knelyng on the stronde She seyde, 'lord, ay welcome be thy sonde.'
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.935 : And sche began to bidde and preie, Upon the bare ground knelende.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)8961 : Doun ho kneled [Vsp: bugh hir] to the grounde, þe tree ho honoured a litil stounde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.229 : 'Nay,' quod conscience to þe Kynge and kneled to þe erthe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1591 : Ho kneles on þe colde erþe, and carpes to hymselven Wordes of worchyp.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)434 : 'Cortayse Quen,' þenne s[a]yde þat gaye, Knelande to grounde, folde vp hyr face.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)135/850 : Thei ȝeden alle abowte þe tumbe, And knelede on þe bare grounde.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)117 : This fresshe flour I grette Knelyng alwey..Upon the smale, softe, swote gras.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)14/32 : Syre Ector knelyd doune to the erthe and syre Kay.