Middle English Dictionary Entry
knēden v.
Entry Info
| Forms | knēden v. Also kned(e, cned(e. Forms: p.pl. knẹ̄de; ppl. knēden, iknēde(n, i)knē̆dde, knēd & knōden, knō̆dden & knēded, knoddede. |
| Etymology | OE cnedan; p.ppl. cneden. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To knead (sth.), work (ingredients) into a paste or dough; also fig.; crush, press (sth.); ~ togeder, mix (sth.) by kneading; (b) ~ mid (with, to), to mix (sth.) with (sth. else) by kneading; also fig.; (c) to crush or soften (sth.) by kneading; (d) ?to blend (love), mix together; (e) kned-hous, bakehouse; kned-trough, a trough or tub used for kneading [cp. knedinge trough]; (f) ppl. knodded, congealed, thickened into lumps [perhaps a different word: cp. knod n].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)18/2 : Wið þeoþ [read: þeoh] wrace, gate tord cned swiþe þat hit sy swylce sealf & smyre mid þa þeoh.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1486 : Þu..gaddresst swa þe clene corn..& grindesst itt & cnedesst itt, & harrdnesst itt wiþ hæte.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1553 : Þu sammnesst all þin mele inn an & cnedesst itt togeddre.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)256 : To colde gistninge he wes I-bede; Wroggen haueþ his dou I-knede.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Arun 220)p.155 : Vostre paste dount pestrez [glossed:] kned thi douw.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)83/31 : Þenne is hit winewed wiþ þe wynde, In Mesures meten and grounden to mele, ffeire I-kneden, as ȝe may se Bake Bred and feden fele.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)84/116 : Þei trede..Berien vre bred aȝeyn þe brede..Vre Cake on Crois þei knede, Rampned hit harde aȝeyn þe Roode.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4094 : He half a busshel of hir flour hath take And bad his wyf go knede it in a cake.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)226b/a : Mele is..y-medlid with hoot water and wiþ sour dowe..and y-knedde [L pistata] and ymoldid to þe schap of loues.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)32 : Et vostre past ensy pesterez..And ȝour past also kned hyt.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.108ra (3.17) : In þo generatyues, but principaly in þe ballok stones of him & of here..it [sperm] is swongen and trauailede and wroght and knoden os dowh or paste, þorogh trauayling and mevyng of bodies and þorogh myght and wirkyng & lykyng in kynde.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)279 : Knedyn paste: Pinso.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)280 : Knodon [KC: knedid]: Pistus.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)224/10 : Take j li. of persly and anothyr of sawge..and hew hem small and knede he[m] in wete-mele..and make þerof kakys.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)240/8 : Þen tak a new pot of erthe and put all þat matyr þeryn, and kned yt yn fast with þi handis, and kned it well.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)603/12 : Pisto: to knede or bake.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)127 : Take a newe eorþen pot, & do in þyn erbes and þy buttre when þei beoþ medelede, and knede hit faste to gedir wyþ þyn hondes, þat hit be nouȝt holowe.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)32b : Take Rye flowre and schafe clalke [read: chalke] to þe flowre & A lytyll saforne And þe blode of an hare, & knede all thes to gedyr.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Expos.PNoster (LdMisc 683)212 : Panem nostrum da nobis hodie, Knoden afforn Pilat, baken in thy passioun.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)70a : To Knede: jnterere, pindere, pinsere, pinsare, pinsitare.
- a1500 Hal.Gloss.(Eg 829)p.7 : Pinso: to knede pastam.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/28 : Nim senepsæd and næpsæd and meng eced, and cned hyt mid þam ecede, þæt hit si swa þicce swa doh.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)45/19 : Nim ȝetemsud melu and bac hym anne cicel of, and nim cumin and merces sæd and cnede to þan hlafe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)217 : She was lyk thyng for hungre deed, That ladde hir lyf oonly by breed Kneden [F Petri] with eisel strong and egre.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.223 : Herfore biddiþ Poul to clense out þis old synne..Loke we þat þis be not knodyn wiþ us, but holde we us in þe whete flour þat tauȝte us fulli Goddis lawe.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)38 : Take groundyn Porke & knede it with Spicerye, with pouder Gyngere, & Salt & Sugre.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)47 : Mak a paiste of pured flour, knodene with yolks of eggs.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)58 : Make a paiste of pured flour knodden with faire water, sugur, saffron, and salt.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)247b/a : If it is olde, it falleþ to poudre while it is y-torned..and yknede [L malaxatur] in þe hond.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)49b/b : Pindo: to knede.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)594/23 : Malaxo: to cnede.
d
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4811 : If loue be serched wel and sought, It is a sykenesse of the thought Annexed and kned [Thynne: knedde; ?read: knet] bitwixt tweyne, With male and female with oo cheyne.
e
- (1315) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.94 : Le Knedhous.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.58 : [A] knedtrou [and] moldyngbord, [worth 2 s.].
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.161 : [A] knedtrogh [worth 2 s.].
- (1454) *Invent.Gild Stratford (ShakMuseum 184, 187)184 : In store hous ij knede trowȝes of bultynge pipe.
f
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.109vb (3.18) : Condilonys ar more like sores þat we calle smale kiles or pusshes or elles harde buddes and warres in the fleishe, causede of blode melancolik congelede and clomprede and knoddede in þe heuedes of þe veyns, i. in þe endes.