Middle English Dictionary Entry
kīndelī adv.
Entry Info
| Forms | kīndelī adv. Also -lie, -liche, -like, kindli, -lich(e, -lik, kinli, kūndeliche, cundeliche, kuindeli(e, -lich(e, kẹ̄ndelī(che, kendli, kenli. |
| Etymology | Cp. OE gecyndelīce. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) According to the regular course of nature, as a result of natural causes, naturally, by nature; (b) according to the particular nature of a species or individual thing, as to the nature of somebody or something; (c) according to human nature, humanly, innately; (d) by native endowment or defect, congenitally; (e) according to the natural moral law; (f) by instinct.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)54/35 : Þer ase muchel fur is, kundeliche hit waxeð mid winde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.61 : Þe water renneþ vndir erþe by veynes of brymstone, and so is i-hatte kyndeliche in þat cours.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)202a/a : Some [pearls] ben y-founde kyndeliche y-þirled, and þilke ben bettre þan oþre, and some ben y-þirled by crafte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1877 : Matere by naturel appetit Kyndly desyreth after forme.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6380 : Alle þe elementes kyndely duse Þat þat es nedeful til man use.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)271 : Kendly, after þe cowrs of kende: Naturaliter.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)130/17 : Kyndeli al creatures bien bowyng to haue reste in desire.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)841 : Every soun..Moveth kyndely to pace Al up into his kyndely place.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6905 : He fyndes þe place kyndly defensabill.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)31b/a : Galien..seide..kyndely senewis ben y-putt in þe ground of al þe body þat þei defenden fro nocumentis wiþoutenforþ þat þat is vpon hem.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)203 : Kyndly:..naturraliter.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)44a : With it maye be made sulphure of nature Iff it be kindly acuate And circulate into a spirit pure.
b
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)8/216 : Ne mede..Ne longeþ nauȝt to cristendom..For suich is kendeliche hot, Þaȝt þer no feer hit ne hente.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)145b/a : In siria a coluer is I-tauȝt to bere lettres..for he loueþ kyndeliche þe place..where he was first I-fedde and..alwey sche turneþ hom aȝeyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)150a/a : Þe serpent hatiþ kyndely þis bridde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.903 : Þis briddes knowe, only of nature, Grekys and Latyns kyndely assonder.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)141a/b : Alteracioun of þe complexioun off þe member to hete oþer colde oþer wyse þen it ouȝte to ben kindelye.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)101/27 : In some wodys of the lond..foulys kyndely spekyn and salueth men as thei comyn..and..spekyn as they were men with large tonge and resonable.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)176/25 : Þe vertu of þis herbe is þat it wele moyst kendely [vr. kendelyche] þe hete of man.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3281 : So grete I grew of my gods & gold in my cofirs Þat kindly gods creatoure I kend noȝt my-selfe, Bot for his feloȝe & his fere faithly me leued.
- ?c1450 Recipe MS Bühler 21 in SML Baugh (Mrg B 21)p.289 : Wold I þat hey & lowe Myt þis gres kendely knowe; þer-fore haue I gretly in mende To tellyn of him & of his kende.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1029 : His unstrencðe ich cleopie, þet he wes, as mon, cundeliche ofhungret & weri, & pinen mahte þolien.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)64/8 : Mon cundelich [Tit: cunde-liche; Nero: kundeliche] is milde; Sone se he leoseð mildheortnesse, he leoseð monnes cunde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.461 : Desire of praysinge is..kyndeliche i-piȝt [L innata] in manis herte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)69a/a : Whenne þe soule entriþ, lif is I-pured þerwiþ and felinge also, and þe childe feliþ kyndeliche [L sensu nature] þe biclippinge of a smale skyn.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15172 : Þe fleche was dutand for to dei þat kindli wald ha quert.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.269 : A man kyndeli hidousiþ derknesse and is gladid bi liȝt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.11.23 : Lat hym techyn his soule that it hath, by naturel principles kyndeliche yhyd withynne itself, al the trouthe.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)377 : Kindely and lawfully euery man loueþ more him silf þan an oþer creature.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)77/36 : Eny that haue fouled hym with the synne of sodomy, whiche is aȝeyns kynde, soþely siche a man hath..synned more then he hadde done kyndely with a woman.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)220/84 : Hongry I see that he is, as man sholde kindly be.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.259 : Stygandus was kyndeliche [L ingenitæ mentis] so hard þat he wolde fonge riȝt nouȝt of his owne.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.402 : Al swich wit is yeuen vs in oure birthe, Deceite, wepyng, spynnyng, god hath yeue To wommen kyndely whil they may lyue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)47a/b : Kindeliche stameringe men stameriþ for to moche moisture of þe brayn oþer of þe tonge oþir boþe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)174a/b : Þe peple [of Asturia] is more generalyche and kyndelich [L ex natura] merye and gladde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)180b/a : Rome gendreþ heuy men, grece liȝt men, Affrica gyleful men, and ffraunce kyndeliche [L natura] fers men and sharpe of witte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7015 : To folis longeth kyndely With-oute a-vis to speke folily.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)94 : Men fynden and comen..to the kunnyng of Scripture..rathir or latir, as thei ben disposid kindeli in her resoun and witt.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)115/5 : For swiche maner onourement we holdyn gret folye, to putte to the wrechede body more beute than God hath kyndely youe therto.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)778 : I dide thus, and nyste why; I trowe hit cam me kyndely.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)114/7 : Kepe þe fro a man þat kyndly is ȝalow and blew, ffor sweche er lightly stirryd to vyces and licchery.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)23/28 : Throgh the kynde of troy we sholde be bolde; throgh kynde of Fraunce we ben wsyd in wepyn; and so..we ben of doubil maner kyndly, of good herte, and wel wepenyd.
e
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.2.14 : Hethene that han not lawe don kyndeli or by stiryng of kynde [L naturaliter] tho thingis that ben of the lawe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9431 : Þe first lagh was kald 'o kind', þat es to sai, kindli to do Al þat him was biden to; þe toþer has 'positiue' to nam.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)27 : For iiij cause aman may uson his wijf laufully..The firste is þat it be euer kyndely Idoo and cause of getinge of childeren.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)63 : Hethen men, whiche han not lawe, doon kindeli tho thingis whiche ben of the lawe.
f
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Jude 1.10 : What euere thinges thei han knowe kyndely as doumbe beestis, in thes thei ben corupt.
2.
(a) By birth, by descent; (b) owing to blood relationship.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)111 : Werwolf was he non..For þe kud king of spayne was kindely his fader.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)71 : For kyndely, by youre herytage ryght, Ye ben annexed ever unto Bounte.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)23/24 : Of the folke of Troy we Ben Kynly [Dub: kyndlych] come.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1381 : This child he loveth kindely, And yit he wot no cause why.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2087 : It..schal..kyndly be to þe plesaunce..To gentil herte sith no þing is so good As be confederid with his owne blood.
3.
(a) In the approved manner, properly, correctly, truly, accurately; (b) rightly, justly, appropriately; (c) readily, easily, as a matter of course; (d) thoroughly, completely, effectively, well.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.79 : I..Preiȝede hire..kenne me kyndely [vrr. kuyndely, kendely] on crist to beleue.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.103 : Kenne me kyndely to knowe what is dowel.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)319 : Loke..þat þyn ark have..a wyndow wyd..In þe compas of a cubit kyndely sware.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.110 : Þer is nouthe non..þat can construen kyndeliche þat poetes maden.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)p.1 : Coment vous parlerez bealment Et deuaunt lez sagez naturalment, How ȝe schal speke fayre And afore þyze wyzemen kyndely.
- (1431) EEWills89/8 : Of alle myn executours..I require..that they trewly..fulfille all my wille..and..that they do this trewly and kyndely for the loue..of..ihesu.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3521 : Ken þou me kyndely whatte caase es befallen.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)258 : Þe King couthe of venery, Colurt him ful kyndely.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)112/290 : This is þe makynge of popilion kyndely.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7257 : Normandie þoru þe king, & þoru þe quene engelond, Iioyned were þo kundeliche as in one monnes hond.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)817 : Kindeliche ofte men seþ Wid water men wassheþ þat foule beþ.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1 : Clannesse who so kyndly cowþe comende..Fayre formez myȝt he fynde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.213 : Now kyndeliche..beþ suche callyd 'lolleres'..He þat lolleþ his lame oþer his leg out of þe ioynte.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)53/893 : More kyndely it were the liche For to fferme an old diche Than nowe to be dubbid a knyght.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)14 : Þe herd sat..clouȝtand kyndely his schon as to here craft falles.
- c1390 I warne vche (Vrn)104 : I preye þat crist vs spede Kuyndely to kepe his comaundement.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)28 : Þai carped..of gude knightes..And how men might þam kyndeli ken By doghtines of þaire gude ded.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)29232 : If we will kindly knaw oure plight..And howsill haue at oure ending, Þan vnto blis þai will vs bring.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.62/10 : Sumwhat that commyth of wynnyng of ther shippys frely they brynge, kyndely, and ioyfully.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)67 : The sensualite and the resoun of hem myȝte kyndely be destourbeled and meued to seie..'Lord god..what nede is it to thy blessed sone that here is to flee as thou myȝtest not defende hym fro his enemyes and kepe hym saaf here?'
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)88/29 : Þat that oure lawe demes to be done t[i]ll wikked men, ȝe suffere kyndely.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2014 : Þai..knitten vp þe saile..Kachyn on kyndly, & þaire course held.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8601 : The grekes..girdyn hym fro; Thay knew hym full kyndly be caupe of his sword.
d
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)38 : Heil Mayden, heil Modur, heil Martir trewe, Heil kyndely I-knowe Confessour.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18942 : Was na langage man for to muth, þat þai ne all kindli [Göt: kindlik] it cuth.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)6.26 : I knowe hym as kyndely [vrr. kuyndeliche, kendely] as clerk doþ his bokis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.49 : Alle þe sciences vnder sonne..I wolde I knewe and couth kyndely in myne herte!
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.65 : The which..kepen in cloistris..and this clepe we monasticale, that kendly is knowun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.100 : The toother mai nat doon thilke naturel office, but folweth..hym that acomplisseth his purpos kyndely.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)109a/a : Þe whiche sores cummen be cause of enpostumes, þe whiche weren matured & not kindelie helid.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2394 : Þis diuinour..þai comendid, A-cordis þaim to his consaile & kendly it prased.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)399 : She was..of lore wise And kyndly hade conyng in the clene artis.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)59b/b : If þat þe pacient be of good cheer..& slepiþ kyndely.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)95/1919 : He gave hym a dynt than; His sworde so kyndly yode, That at the breste the dynt stode.
4.
(a) Kindly, pleasantly, gladly, lovingly; (b) courteously, nobly; (c) generously.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2500 : He it for-gaf hem mildelike, And luuede hem alle kinde-like.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)69 : A gladere wommon vnder god no miȝt go on erþe, þan was þe wif wiþ þe child..sche kolled it ful kindly.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1833 : Boþe..a-sented..& kindeli eche oþer clipt and kessed ful oft.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.15 : Gentiliche..þe Iustise soone..Cumfortede hire kuyndely [vrr. kyndely, kendely], and made hire good chere.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)527 : Forȝete me nouȝt, Þat I may euere wiþ þe wone, And kuyndelich clepe þe godes sone.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.142 : In grete sekenesse..he lay..Tille him com his sonne Richard, forsoth, fulle kyndelie.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)271 : Keendly, or frely: Gratanter, amicabiliter.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2712 : With clere watire a knyghte clensis theire wondes, Keled theym kyndly and comforthed þer hertes.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)12/25 : Þis riche ȝifte, þat he to vs..so frely & so kyndely, to vs vnkynde..wolde ȝyue.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)508/292 : Full seke whan I was brought in bedde, Kyndely ȝe come to coumforte me.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)246 : Kenly, or ffrely: Gratanter, amicabiliter.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)522 : He het me most worþi of wommen holde in erþe, Kindely þurth kinrade of cristen lawe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1697 : William..hire þonked..of hire crafty cunsayl, & kindliche hire bi-souȝt..winne hem tvo skinnes.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)275/61 : Heo þouhte on þat kyndenesse þat hire lord dude..þat he wolde so kuyndelye ffor hire loue fihte and dye.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)171,174 : I hailsed him kindly als I kowth..Mi sterap toke þat hende knight And kindly cumanded me to lyght.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)714 : Thane he takes hys leue at ladys in chambyre, Kysside them kyndlyche and to Criste beteches.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)657 : The Knight was curtas, & kendly he said, 'Most louesom lady, your lykyng be done!'
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.18 : The kinge commawundet kindeli the Erle of Kente For his meculle curtasy to kepe the tother knyȝte.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1543 : Ye so kyndely this oother day Lente me gold, and as I kan and may, I thanke yow.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)131/621 : Fier kyndel bifore al oþere þynges hath power to restreyne humorus.
Note: New spelling
Note: ?error for kindliche, naturally, by nature.
Note: ?NB. error forms in kindelen v.(1)