Middle English Dictionary Entry

kin n.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) A race, people, tribe; clan, family; also fig.; ~ fere, a close companion; ~ dekenes, deacons of the tribe of Levi; (b) in oaths or asseverations: bi mi (thi) fader ~, for your fader ~; (c) a generation; (d) ?mankind; (e) a species of birds, animals, or plants; also, a group of related plants; flies ~, flies; fish(es ~, haukes ~, nadre ~, wolves ~ [see fish, hauk, nadre, wolf].
2a.
(a) A kinsman, a relative; coll. kinsfolk, kindred, relatives; also, a spiritual relative; neigh ~, a close relative, near kinsman; fremed and ~, strangers and kinsmen; frend (frendes, kith) and ~; nouther ~ no kith (nor win), neither friend nor kin, nobody; (b) kinship, blood-relationship; (c) parents; ?also, ancestors; (d) descendants, progeny; ?heirs.
2b.
In phrases: (a) of ~, related by blood (to sb.); (b) of (her, his, etc.) ~, related to her, him, etc.; neigh of his ~, closely related to him; next of mi ~, most closely related to me; (c) ben ~, to be related (to sb.), be akin; maken ~, make (persons) kindred; -- used fig.; (d) ~ and win, the security of home.
3.
(a) Ancestry; parentage, stock; bi (of) ~, by birth; also, quality derived from ancestry [quot.: c1300]; (b) of athel (gentil, gret, heigh, noble, riche) ~, atheles kinnes, of noble birth or ancestry; of athelest kinnes, of noblest birth; of dukes ~, descended from dukes; of ~ simple, of humble birth; hines ~ [see hine n.]; (c) distinguished stock; (d) genealogy, lineage; (e) ?the natural constitution of a person, man's physical nature; ?error for kīnde n. (q.v., sense 3.(a)).
4.
5.
(a) Of things, attributes, diseases, etc.: a kind, type, sort; a category [see also -kin(ne & -kinnes]; (b) a way, a manner; ~ wise; a fele kinne wise [see fele 3. (f)]; a manies kinnes, in many ways; o whilkes kinnes wise, in what ways; bi (in) ani kinnes wise [see ani kinnes].
6.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1400 PPl.C (LdMisc 656)6.20 : [Hnt HM 137: Canstow…oþer swyn oþer gees dryue Oþer eny] kynnes [craft þat to þe comune nudeþ].
  • Note: Additional quote(s)
  • a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : He is hure fader…his eorðe us werpð corn…his water, drench and fiscynn.
  • Note: used in fish n.(b) gl. water animals
    Note: also needed for date since Lay. now changed to a1275
    Note: add to Sense 5.(a)
    Note: of int. because is ex. of kin in comb. with a noun (no exx. of this in copy)
  • a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)243 : Þu ahst to habben ehte wepnecin; þa beoð sceold, helm and brenie, swrd and spere, [etc.]
  • Note: of int. because shows kin in comb. with a noun (no exx. like this in copy)
    Note: to sense 5.(a)
    Note: also needed for date since Lay. now changed to a1275