Middle English Dictionary Entry
kin n.
Entry Info
Forms | kin n. Also kine, kinne, cin(ne, kun(ne, cun(ne, ken(ne, keine, (early pl. gen.) cinna, cynna, (early pl. dat.) kunnen, cunnen. |
Etymology | OE cyn |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A race, people, tribe; clan, family; also fig.; ~ fere, a close companion; ~ dekenes, deacons of the tribe of Levi; (b) in oaths or asseverations: bi mi (thi) fader ~, for your fader ~; (c) a generation; (d) ?mankind; (e) a species of birds, animals, or plants; also, a group of related plants; flies ~, flies; fish(es ~, haukes ~, nadre ~, wolves ~ [see fish, hauk, nadre, wolf].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)301 : Aaron wass hæfedd preost Amang Judisskenn þeode, & tiss wif wass off þeȝȝre kinn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2069 : Baþe wærenn off an kinn, Josæp & Sannte Marȝe.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)227 : Of þa cynn come alle þe heahfederes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)319 : Þa þat iherde his kun, þe he of icumen wes, þat he þe flo heuede idrawen.. heo hine flemden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27410 : Ure cun hæxst was of alle quike monnen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)219 : Ysaie..heuenede hire cun to more.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)36/28 : Al þet cun, þet tu art icumen & ikennet of, beoð alle in ure bondes.
- a1275 Ful feir flour (Trin-C B.14.39)31 : Þat þu neuer for þi sine vonien wid Satanasses cunne.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)205 : Daui, þou art boren of mi kun [vr. kyn; rime: min].
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)34/614 : He sey a schip rowe..Of out londisse manne Of sarazine kenne.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9137 : Of þulke kunne þer nas þo no fere.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)243 : Hye bad þe abbesse hir wis & rede, whiche were her kin, on or oþer, fader or moder, soster or broþer.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)364 : Greteþ wel oft..þe cristen akarin, þat was mi kyn fere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Phil.3.5 : I [Paul]..of the kyn [L genere] of Israel.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)43 : I made þe, Mon..Of feture lich myn owne fasoun, And after crepte In-to þi kinne And for þe suffred passioun.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.153 : Crist..seide him [Seth] bi an Angel, To kepe his cun from Caymes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3715 : [Isaac] mad him [Jacob] lauerd ouer all his kin.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)13931 : Þis monnes kyn [Vsp: kinred; Frf: kiþ] wel knowe we; Of þis lond boþe is he & his.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.156 : Alle þat couplide hem with þat kyn [vrr. kun, ken, kynd] crist hatide.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Pet.2.9 : Ȝe ben a chosun kyn [WB(1): kynde; L genus].
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15343 : Þey of Bangor..Han despised al þer kyn.
- a1450(c1395) WBible(2) Pref.Jer.(NC 66)p.73 : The discryuyng of prestis and kundekenes of Israel [L descriptio Sacerdotum, levitarum, Israelis].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)386/232 : Thy fadir knewe I wele..And Marie me menys þi modir hight, Þe vttiremeste ende of all þi kynne.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.37 : Hoold cloos thy mouth, man, by thy fader kyn, The deuel of helle sette his foot ther yn!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4158 : Be myrie, housbonde, for youre fader kyn!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.829 : Iuppiter is tyn And Venus coper, by my fader kyn!
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11401 : Þis writte was gett fra kin to kin.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)1464 : Nine hundred ȝere and sex [lived] iaraeth, Þat was þe fift kin [Vsp: kne; Frf: gree] fra seth.
d
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)438 : By tho figures mowe al ken, Yf they be crafty, rekene and noumbre.
e
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)71.11/1,5 : Þeos wyrt..is tweȝra cynna..Ðeos wyrt is..tweȝra cinna.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)82.26/1 : Þeos wyrt, þe man basilicam, an oþrum naman næddrewyrt, nemnað; hira cun is þreora cynna.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)22/8 : Ða wæron heo togadere iwæxene..& weron ufeweard on ðreo toweaxen swylce ðreo fingermel, ælc on his cun.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9759 : An kinness neddre..Iss Vipera ȝehatenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22000 : Feower noked he [the lake] is, and þer inne is feower kunnes fisc.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)78/20 : Fier is a cunnes treo þe bereð swete frut þet me cleopeð figes.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)714 : Betere is o song of mine muþe Þan al þat eure þi kun kuþe.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)54 : Þou hauest don oure kunne wo.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)183 : Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, and der Was mad of erðe on werlde her.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3004 : Sei him [Pharaon], if min folc ne mote gon, fleges kin sal hin ouer-gon.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)91/1801 : Lord..Þow madest fisch ase wel alse man, Þat noþing of senne ne can, Ne nouȝt of fisches kenne.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)488 : In þat ilke ryuer Er many Fysches of kynes sere.
2a.
(a) A kinsman, a relative; coll. kinsfolk, kindred, relatives; also, a spiritual relative; neigh ~, a close relative, near kinsman; fremed and ~, strangers and kinsmen; frend (frendes, kith) and ~; nouther ~ no kith (nor win), neither friend nor kin, nobody; (b) kinship, blood-relationship; (c) parents; ?also, ancestors; (d) descendants, progeny; ?heirs.
Associated quotations
a
- c1200 MS Dgb.59 in Sur.Soc.51 (Dgb 59)190 : Nother kyn nor wyn, id est, neque cognatum neque amicum.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)35 : Ga to þine feder burinesse oðer þer eni of þine cunne lið in.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2018 : Þa bi-þohte he on Troyȝen, þer his cun teone þoleden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13730 : He heom feire vnder-feng; he wes heore cun & heore freond.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21462 : Cador, þu ært min aȝe cun.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)29 : Ðu hauest eðeliche bi aihte to helpen þine kenne.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)27/279 : Mi feader & Mi moder..habbe forsake me & al mi nestfalde cun.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)159/20 : Ȝef a mon hefde ilosed..his feader..moder..sustren..breðren & al his cun & alle his freond, [etc.].
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)31b : Viles he was on liue, he auede frend and kin.
- a1300 Hit bilimpeð (Corp-O 59)30 : Fader, for-ȝif vs ure gult &..sunne Al swo we doð þe us habbeð igruld to freomede & to kunne.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)123 : Hit wes his neiȝebore And his gossip, of children bore..Þe vox hine I-kneu wel for his kun.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)181 : Þider comen manie of fremede & o kinne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)144 : Ȝef þu cume to Suddenne, Gret þu wel of myne kenne.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)737 : Abram, ðu fare ut of lond and kin, To a lond ic ðe sal bringen hin.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6774 : Seint edward nei kun was, þe king of france al so.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)464 : Þe barouns..gun fle wel fast þenne, Sum ouer se to her kenne.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)92 : Bruyt hade muche folk with him, Bothe fremede and eke kun.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)262/11 : Þis boc is y-mad uor lewede men Vor uader and..moder and..oþer ken.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.24.41 : Þou schalt be innocent from my curse whenn þou schalt comme to my nyȝe kynne [WB(2): kynesmen; L propinquos].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 6.4 : A prophete is not with outen honour, no but in his owne cuntree, and in his hows, and in his kyn [WB(2): kynne; L cognatione].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2566 : Youre kynrede nys but a fer kynrede..and the kyn of youre enemys been ny syb to hem.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4180 : Fro kiththe and kinne With gret tresor with him sche stal.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.146 : The Pope hath bede to the men, That non schal wedden of his ken, Ne the seconde ne the thridde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.61 : Help þi kynne, crist bit, for þer by-gynneþ charite.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2080 : Iosepe had þore boyth kyn & kyth.
- (1406) EEWills13/24 : The thyrde part to my kyn that pouer men, wymmen, or chyldryn ben.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2898 : Sche..ches in exil with þe for to goon, From al hir kyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6436 : Reskus was noon..Of kyn nor frend, nor of noon allie.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ruth 2.20 : Oure nyȝ kyn [WB(2): kynysman; L Propinquus] is the man.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1521 : I have kyn and frendes elleswhere.
- 1425(a1400) Spec.Chr.(1) (Lnsd 344)79/6 : These aren þe synnis of þe herte..Uayne glori of godis..Schame of pore kyn.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)90/435 : Þou muste be fals a-monge kythe & kynne.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4326 : Þai spared nouthir kynn na kyth, Man na woman þat þai mett with.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)71/24 : The kynne of thys knyght woll chase you thorow the worlde tylle they have slayne you.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)145 : Thai were so occupied with thair owne maters, and with the maters off thair kynne.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)439 : Curatis wasten pore mennus godis in makinge þer kyn riche.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.25.68b : I mette..muche dyuers poepill of men and of women, my freendes and my kynne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)53/49 : If thou..bryng me home to kyth and kyn..I promyse, [etc.].
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)6278 : Ny kyn he is to king off norway.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.158 : He [Love] spareth no condicion Of ken ne yit religion, Bot as a cock among the Hennes, Or as a Stalon in the Fennes..takth what thing comth next to honde.
- (1400) Let.Hen.IV in RS 18.1 (Vsp F.7)24 : I am bot of the feirde degre of kyn tyll yhow.
c
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)5/20 : Nes hit icunde þe more þen þine cunne biuoren þe?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17007 : Nan mann ne maȝȝ Ben borrȝhenn att hiss ende, Butt iff he twiȝȝess borenn be, Firrst off hiss kinn, & siþþenn Att hallȝhedd funnt off Haliȝ Gast.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)109 : Vre helend on his ȝuheðe wes ihersum his cunne.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9837 : We sinndenn Abrahamess kinn, & Abrahamess chilldre.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)202 : Alle þolieð deð þe comen of hore cunne [vrr. kunne, kenne; rime: sunne].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2041 : Hit iwerð..þat aræs of Brutus kunne..an heh king.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)80 : For on appel þat ich ȝaf him, He [Adam] is min and al is cun [vr. kin].
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2045 : Þo..theues, Þat weren of kaym kin and eues..sholden hange bi þe necke.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)756 : Al ðis lond sal cumen in to is kinnes hond.
- ?c1335 Lollai lollai (Hrl 913)28 : Deth ssal com wiþ a blast vte of a wel dim horre, adam-is kin dun to cast.
- (a1333) Herebert Wele heriȝyng (Add 46919)3 : Crist..Þou art kyng of israel and of Davidþes kunne.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.100 : Fals is..a Bastard I-boren of Belsabubbes kunne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1202 : He þat suld sauue al folk of sin Suld noght be born of kaym kin.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3385 : Gret ferly was þe kin to tell Was multiplid of ysmael.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)122/430 : Þorw þe appel of a tre, That adam toke and ete it Inne, To helle he went, and al his kynne.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107:Horst.)179 : Alle the kynne [Vrn: al þe kynde þat of him com Scholde þole þulke dom].
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)503 : Þees Iacobynes..been of Iudas kynne.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)327/19 : William turpin..warantizid hit for all his kynne.
2b.
In phrases: (a) of ~, related by blood (to sb.); (b) of (her, his, etc.) ~, related to her, him, etc.; neigh of his ~, closely related to him; next of mi ~, most closely related to me; (c) ben ~, to be related (to sb.), be akin; maken ~, make (persons) kindred; -- used fig.; (d) ~ and win, the security of home.
Associated quotations
a
- (1400) Let.Hen.IV in RS 18.1 (Vsp F.7)24 : I clayme to be of kyn tyll yhow.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3001 : Kyng Thoas and þe ferse Achille..wern of kyn and allyed.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)127/24 : Nyst hym sittyn othere grete lordis..aftyr that they ben of kyn to the Emperour.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2051 : [Mary] wass..wiþþ weppmann weddedd, Wiþþ an þatt wass off hire kinn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25474 : He wes Arðures mæi of aðelen his cunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26440 : Þa sæt bi þan kaisere a cniht of his cunne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)865 : He was of hornes kunne [vrr. kinne, kenne], Iborn in Suddenne.
- c1390 I warne vche (Vrn)31 : Bisy þe her bale to blynne, Þat blaberyng are wiþ oþes blent -- Vncouþe & knowen & of þi kynne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12766 : He was o þair kin and kyth.
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Sh.(Elsm)B.1337 : Thanne wolde I telle..What I haue suffred..With myn housbonde al be he of youre kyn [Heng: youre cosyn].
- (1411) RParl.3.650b : He besought the Kyng..to praye the Lord the Roos, that he wold chese two Lordes of hys kyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1152 : Of Alexandres kyn was she [Largesse].
- (1426) EEWills76/24 : Þe Residue of all my other godis..I wol þat it be disposid..aboute my brethren and my sustren and next of my kyn.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2093 : Mony gret lordus of hurre keyne [rime: þeyne] Comen þat day to hurre buryenge.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)86/3 : Kynge Pellam was nyghe of Joseph his kynne.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)153 : Þey were of hys kenne [rime: thynne].
c
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2244 : Of Trace was he lord, and kyn to Marte.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)29 : I slepe in dust, for we ben kynne, For erthe claymez me for hisse.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)64 : No man..May skape þyn hond..Bote repentaunce and mercy kesse; Þat now ben frendis, lord, make hem kynne.
d
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)139.64 (v.2:p.388) : She forsook fadyr and modyr, kyn and wyn, hous and hom, and wente to a place clepyd Sancta Maria de Portiuncula .. where Fraunceys with his brethiren .. reseyuyd this prudent maydyn.
3.
(a) Ancestry; parentage, stock; bi (of) ~, by birth; also, quality derived from ancestry [quot.: c1300]; (b) of athel (gentil, gret, heigh, noble, riche) ~, atheles kinnes, of noble birth or ancestry; of athelest kinnes, of noblest birth; of dukes ~, descended from dukes; of ~ simple, of humble birth; hines ~ [see hine n.]; (c) distinguished stock; (d) genealogy, lineage; (e) ?the natural constitution of a person, man's physical nature; ?error for kīnde n. (q.v., sense 3.(a)).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)463 : Ȝef þu wult cnawen mi cun, ich am kinges dohter.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)38/2 : Sei me hwer þu wunest..of hwet cun þu art ikumen of.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)393 : Ich wille, þat þo[u] suere..Þat þou mine children shalt we[l] yeme, Þat hire kin be ful wel queme.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1351 : Hi [the Jews] of whas kunne þou come so hard vp þe were.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)22/10 : Yelpingge..is ybounde ine þan þet..him yelpþ oþer of his wytte, oþer of his kenne, oþer of his workes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)236 : Þemperour..askes his name & of what kin he were kome komanded him telle.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)722 : Mi-self knowe ich nouȝt mi ken ne mi kontre.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)389 : Þou schalt me telle Of wat kunne comen þov wace, & þy name wyten i wille.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.89 : Duke of Merschelonde, a man forsoþe low and pore of kynne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2470 : In ech of hem [women] he [a man] fint somwhat That pleseth him..Som on, for sche is noble of kin.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1715 : This king..axeth..of what ken that sche was come.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)11.258 : Of kyn ne of kynredene a-counteþ men bote lytel.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Hrl 7334)B.2757 : Kyn [Heng: Oon of the gretteste aduersitees of this world is whan a free man by kynde or of burthe is constreyned by pouerte to eten the almesse of his enemy].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3207 : Of hym he hath enquered oute..of his kyn and..his contre.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Cor.1.26 : Nor manye [were] noble, þat is, thurgh schynyng of kynne.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7457 : I was neuere thral; I am fre..In al my kyn is no throle, But kyng and duk, knyȝt & erle; My ffader is a gentil kyng.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)138 : I was of Fegure and of flesche the fayereste of alle..withe kynges in my kyne.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2618 : Now hafe I taulde the þe kyne, that I ofe come.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)317/3 : I woll tell you of what kynne I am com of..kynge Lott was my fadir, and my modir is kyng Arthurs sister.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)13 : Yf he be gentylmon of kyn, The porter wille lede the to hym.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)90 : Goldun prelatis are þey þat are maad only for nobelay of kyn.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16544 : Hail seo þu Aurilien, aðeles cunnes!
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21110 : He lette fordon..childerren, Alemainisce men of swide heȝe cunnen [Otho: cunne].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25894 : Eleinen wes ihaten, aðelest kunnen [Otho: of hehȝe cunne].
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)109/13 : Nis he of swo heie kenne.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)5/28 : Maximien luuede an eleusium..Akennet of heh cun.
- a1300 Edi beo þu (Corp-O 59)41 : Moder..Þu ert icumen of heȝe kunne, of dauid þe riche king.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)125 : Hit is a swiþe feir child & of kunne heiȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.6 : Heȝe men therate of the lond ther were menion For reverence of the heȝe cunne..Of wham heo com.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)26530 : Marcel hehte þe cniht of heȝere cunne.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)279 : Þou art nou þe beste bodi þat is Vor þe noble kinne þat þou art of.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2422 : We beþ of dukes kunne ycome.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2064 : Mark of riche kinne, He hiȝt to don him se Wiþ siȝt.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)422 : Such signe me is tauȝt þou art of cun symple.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3942 : A wif he hadde comen of noble kyn; The person of the toun hir fader was.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1048 : Tel me. If he be cumen of gentil kyn.
- 1448 Rich.(Arms 58)261/6 : We haueth herjnne Sarasyne of ryche kunne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3316 : It comys wele of hiȝe kyn kyngis to descend.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)15.4 : Thai..folous thaire flesch and the vanyte of thaire blode that ere comen of gret kyn.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)9 : This worthy prince hadde weddyd in serteyne A fayre lady, and comne of nobyll kynne.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)416 : Some are prowde that they come of noble kynne.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)71 : Dewkys, erlys of grete kynne, Of mony a londe come hur to wynne.
c
- 1372 In bedlem is (Adv 18.7.21)22 : Wol loweliche þat lord gan lithte Þou he were comen of kenne [rime: bynne].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)513 : Vch a burn..worchipeþ him one..þouȝh he were komen of no ken, but of kende cherls.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2071 : Forrþi mihhte Cristess kinn Bi Josæp wel ben reccnedd.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)14975 : Of Ethe[l]bright haue I told þe kyn.
e
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)9212 : Al..is holsom for to ete, soo þat in mesure he it take and to his kyn [Lnsd, Antq: kynde] noon outerage make.
4.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3057 : Forrþi birrde itt cwiddedd ben Till eȝȝþerr kinn onn eorþe, Till weppmann & till wifmannkinn.
- a1350 Lutel wot hit (Hrl 2253)12 : Heo is þat feireste may of vch ende of hire kunne [rime: munne].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2197 : I pray to god that neuere dawe the day That I ne sterue as foule as womman may If euere I do vnto my kyn that shame.
- 1425 Mary moder well (Lnsd 344)169/6 : Swete ladi..þou art flour of alle þi kynne.
5.
(a) Of things, attributes, diseases, etc.: a kind, type, sort; a category [see also -kin(ne & -kinnes]; (b) a way, a manner; ~ wise; a fele kinne wise [see fele 3. (f)]; a manies kinnes, in many ways; o whilkes kinnes wise, in what ways; bi (in) ani kinnes wise [see ani kinnes].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)13/1 : Þe healsgun[d] ys twera cunna.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)58/6 : Þeo ælmes is ðreoræ cynne: an is lichamlic..þa twa beoð gastlice.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3982 : Tiss middellærd Wass full off þeossterrnesse, Þurrh illkess kinness hæþenndom.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10699 : Meocnesse iss þrinne kinness.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1292 : Þar bi-won Brutus feolekunnan wunnan.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14905 : Heo him sende maðmes moniare cunne.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)63 : Two kinne festing beð: þe lichames festing..widtigig of flashes lustes.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)193 : Man..mid ȝepshipe bicherð his emcristen..alswo doð eches kinnes chapman.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)33/33 : Alle ðas kennes pines ðe me hem mihte don, me hem dede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)9/82 : Ȝef þu wult..leuen igodd feader..an godd þet is igret wið euches cunnes gode [etc.].
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)26/17 : Men weorreð mid þreo kunne wepnen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1396 : Hi [sins] beoþ tweire cunne.
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)6 : Ich eom i-bunde sore mid wel feole seonne, mid smale and..grete, mid wel feole cunne.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5283 : Nu birrþ me shæwenn..O whillkess kinness wise Þe Laferrd Cristess lufe wass Onn hiss posstless sene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10277 : Bruttes weoren bisie [vr. kene]..heo him wið fuhten a feole cunne wisen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)9/8 : Hier is mare of ðe eueles kennes sade, ðe me hafð ofte idon..a manies kennes me seluen to weriȝen.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)9 : Seynte marie..þu me hauest iholpen a ueole kunne wise.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)33 : A þre cunne wise he [Satan] vondi hyne [Jesus] bi-gon.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)53 : Men he [Jesus] helde and wymmen a vele kunne wise.
6.
?As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1180) in Pipe R.Soc.2987 : Lefwinnus Kinne.
- (1248) Close R.Hen.III49 : Thomas Kynne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 PPl.C (LdMisc 656)6.20 : [Hnt HM 137: Canstow…oþer swyn oþer gees dryue Oþer eny] kynnes [craft þat to þe comune nudeþ].
Note: Additional quote(s)
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : He is hure fader…his eorðe us werpð corn…his water, drench and fiscynn.
Note: used in fish n.(b) gl. water animals
Note: also needed for date since Lay. now changed to a1275
Note: add to Sense 5.(a)
Note: of int. because is ex. of kin in comb. with a noun (no exx. of this in copy)
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)243 : Þu ahst to habben ehte wepnecin; þa beoð sceold, helm and brenie, swrd and spere, [etc.]
Note: of int. because shows kin in comb. with a noun (no exx. like this in copy)
Note: to sense 5.(a)
Note: also needed for date since Lay. now changed to a1275