Middle English Dictionary Entry
joinen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | joinen v.(1) Also join(e, joignen, juine, june(n, jonen, joni(on & (?errors) joien, jainen, junge. Forms: sg. 3 joineth, etc. & juint; p.ppl. i)joined, joinet, jjoined, iǧoined, iyoined, i)joigned, i)juined, juned, junet, joned, ǧenned & joint, joient, joiind. |
Etymology | OF joindre, juindre (also stems joign-, join-), p.ppl. joint, juint. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To join (things) into a whole, unite, combine; ~ togederes; (b) ~ to (unto, with), to fasten (sth.) to (sth.) to form a whole; -- also refl.; (c) to combine (colors, parts of a word).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.657 : Þe resins wer of fin coral, To-gedre iuned wiþ metal Wiþ-inne and ek wiþ-oute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)31b/b : Mosture ioyneþ to-gedres þe partis of þe erþe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/b : Many liȝtes comeþ and beþ I-melled, and neuerþeles þey beþ I-ioyned and I-oned, and þe substancial fourme of eueriche is saaf by þe which forme eueriche is diuers fro oþir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)210b/b : Fuyre..wasteþ þe watry partyes and ioyneþ and festneþ and hardeþ þe erþy partyes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6792 : Þe riche braunchis and þe levis faire, Tweyne & tweyne Ioyned as a payre -- Oon of gold, anoþer of siluer schene.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.93 : For contrarious thynges ne ben nat wont to ben ifelaschiped togydre; Nature refuseth that contrarious thynges ben ijoygned.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)48a/b : First þer ben þe bones of þe chekes; alle ȝif þei schewe not but two ioyned vnder þe nose, neþeles þei be nyne, as galien seiþ.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)144a/b : In a wounde þer is quyture, þe whiche is white and euen in alle his parties and ioyned to-gider and nouȝt departed & wiþ outen stinche.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)20b/a : Þu schalt byholde þe nombre and quantite of þe spondiles, i. þe lynkes ioynt or bones of þe bak.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)113a : Be wel Iwar þat þou frame not þi schip, ne ioyne not þi tymber to gidre, til þou be siker þat þi tymber & þi bord be drye Inow, leste þe ioyntes grenne & gape..when þe schip is made.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)30.300 : Ȝe..Ordeyneth, for the point, of precious stones, And that they ben Sotely Ioyned..So that non Erthly Man..hem departen ne May.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3340 : Þe sete..was lift a-pon loft..And vij degrece was þar grayd..And þai ware Ientilly Ioyned in a Ioyly wyse.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2721 : The wallis been of marbill, I-ioyned & I-closid.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)19a/b : Alle þese foure aforseid bonys ben ioyned togideris as tweyne sawis meynginge togederis þeir teeþ eiþir in oþer and þat wiþouten ony ligament.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)27b/b : The tweyne abouen ben ioyned faste in þe middil of þe Orbita.
b
- a1325 SLeg.Cuth.(Corp-C 145)43 : He nemiȝte..strecche forþ is leg bineþe, ioyned was to is þei.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 41.7 : His body as ȝoten sheeldis, and threst togidere with scalis threstende doun hemself. Oon to oon is ioyned [L conjungitur].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/b : Þat place distinguiþ liȝt fro þe substaunce of þe body to whom it is I-ioyned, þouȝ it may nouȝt for simplicite of his substaunce be I-felid noþir I-seyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328a/a : Wiþoute nombre is not a lettre yioyned to a lettre, nouþer sillable to sillable in riȝt ordre.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)21270 : Þe quelis ar ioyned with mani a dowle.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)24/11 : He [ligament] is ioyned wiþ senewis to make cordis & brawnes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)97/10 : So þat þou ioynest þis chapitle wiþ þe oþere chapitle tofore seid, þou schalt han a pleyner techinge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.6.28 : This accordaunce atempryth by evenelyke maneres the elementz..that the colde thingis joynen hem by feyth to the hote thingis.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)36b/a : And a member oþer a partikel..is a maner bodie þe whiche is not allinges disseuerde oþer departed neiþer ioyned to anoþer.
- (1426) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.14 : The fornseid Richard and Adam schal make or do make a stepel, joyned to the cherche of Walbureswyk fornseid.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)405/13 : Þe pope..tuke þe hede & laid it at Saynt Paule fete, And..þe body of Saynt Pawle rase & turnyd it & ionyd it vnto þe hede.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)28b/a : Þe seuenþe of hem and þe laste is ioyned in þe same maner to þe firste spondile of þe rigge.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1587 : Nature made in hir face sprede So egally þe whyte with þe rede, Þat..bothe two in oon So Ioyned wer longe to endure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5556 : For Bel is god, and zebub is a flye; Þan Belzebub to-gidre specefies Ioyned in on, þe grete god of flyes.
2.
(a) To connect (things), fasten; sew together (the edges of a wound); (b) ~ to (til, with), to fasten (sb. or sth.) to (sth.); tie, fix; (c) to fasten or tie (sth.); hitch up (horses, a chariot); ~ to (til), hitch (an ox) with (others to make a team); (d) gram. to connect (words or clauses).
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)51/1437 : He takþ þe helye inne of eyþer half Yioyned atte breste.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1724 : Sche..festened hire in þat fel..so iustislich eche liþ ioyned.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2596 : Better þei semed..semliche hertes..so iustili on eþer of hem were ioyned þe skinnes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)40b/a : Þe seuene curteles..þe þridde cornea, horny; þe ferþe coniunitiua [read: coniunctiua], abel to Ioyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)194a/b : For defaute of wynde, þey profrede wynde to sellynge & selleþ wynde; & þey make a clewe of þrede and dyuers knottes yioynede [L connectentes] þer ynne, and holdeþ to drawe oute of þe clewe þre knottes oþer moo oþer lesse as he wole haue the wynde more stronge oþer softe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)271a/a : Copweb..haþ vertu to constreigne, ioyne, and to restreigne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)177/5 : Þe boon of þe hipe & þe boon of þe leg ben ioyned togidere in a box.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41a/b : Summe bones..ben ioyned as þei weren souded togider.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)107b/b : Ȝif a man be wounded on þe ere so þe ere be smyten in sunder, sewe vppe þe ere and ioyne þe parties wele & þriftilye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)264 : Ioynyn or ionyon:..conjungo.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)14b/b : Þe Pannicle..is maad for vj vtilitees, of whiche þe firste is þis, That it ioyne manye þingis togidere, as þe bonys of þe heed & oþere siche.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)63a/b : First ioyne þe brerdis of þe wounde togidere.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)126a/a : Makynge alle þingis as it is bifore til þe skyn & þe scolle be ioyned & parfiȝtly soudid.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)140.7 : Her iuges, ioint [vr. ionyd; L juncti] to þe stone, ben swolwed.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.140.6 : The domes men of hem, ioyned to the ston, ben sopen awey.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)281a/a : It is y-seyde þat þe hornes beþ faster y-ioynede to þe skyn þan to þe bon.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)62a/a : And it is couerde & kept wiþ pannikels and ligamentes þat ioynen þe guttes wiþ þe backe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)131a/a : Þe canel bone maie not be dislocate, but it maie be broken oþer disseuerde fro þe place þat he is continued wiþ oþer ioyned to.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)103/34 : But oonli þou perceyuedist þat þe roote of þe tre was ioyned wiþ þe erþe.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)140.7 : Swelighid ere ioynyd til the stane the iuges of thaim.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.46.29 : Ioseph, ioyned [L juncto] his chare, steyide up to meeten with his fader.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.14.6 : [Pharaoh] ioynede [L Junxit] þe chare, & all his puple he toke with hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.46.4 : Ioyneth hors [L jungite equos], and steȝeth vp, ȝee hors men.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)282b/b : Hors beþ y-cleped equi and han þat name ffor þey beþ y-ioyned and y-coupled in cartes oþer in Chariettes, euene and nought odde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.260 : Grace gaue Piers a teme, foure gret oxen..Luke..marke, & mathew..And ioigned to [C: Ioyned til] hem one Iohan.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)43/101 : To hewe þis burde I will begynne..Þus sall I iune it with a gynn.
d
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)111 : How knowyst the coniunctyf mode? That at is junyd to an other mode wyth an & coniunccion.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)116 : A coniunccion..is not declynyd and wole joyne tweyne nomynatyf case in rewarde of a verbe, other ellys twey verbes in reward of a nominatyf case.
3.
To unite, be joined; ~ bi honde, join hands, go hand in hand; ~ to, be connected to (sth.); of a plant: cling to (stones); ~ with, connect with (sth.); ben joininge with, be connected with (sth.).
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Cuth.(LdMisc 108)43 : He ne miȝte..strechche forth is leg bi-neoþe, þat Ioynede to is þiȝ.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5416 : Alle þe oþer com after þo, Joinand bi hond, to & to.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)297a/b : Þe frogge haþ his owene tonge, And þe ferþer partye of þe tonge ioyneþ to his mouþe, as þough it were y-bounde þerto.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)258/10 : Þe nose is maad of ij boones..þe scharpe eendis þat ben aboue ben ioynynge wiþ þe boones of þe iȝen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.663 : Þe sotil Ioynyng to tellen of þe stonys..þei putten in stede of morter, In þe Ioynturys copur gilt..To make hem Ioyne by leuel & by lyne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)54a/b : And þer as þes two focilles ben ended and ioynen wiþ þe bones off þe hondes, þer is þe ioynte of þe honde.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)154/13 : Þis herbe growith..in wellis of ston, and it wele jony [vr. cleue] to þe stonys.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)64a/b : Drawe softe þi þreed þat boþe þe two hedis of þilke senewis so y-kuttid mowen euene ioyne togideris; þanne make a sikir knotte on þe þreed.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)16.6 : It is ill semand that the heued gange[o gate and the body on other, longe] or thai swa ioyn wele.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)49 : Yeff it rayne a litell..it cawsithe þe dunge & þe lond to joyne well togeder.
4.
(a) To close (a wound), repair (a cut vein), mend (a broken bone); ppl. joint, of a flower: closed; (b) to enclose (sb. or sth.), envelop, surround.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)64b/b : A veyne is I-kut oþir Islitt may be heled & I-ioyned aȝen, & so may not a synowe.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)34/20 : Brynge þe parties of þe wounde togideris, þat it may be weel ioyned.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)51/4 : If þat a leche wolde enforse him to ioyne [Add: Iune] togidere wiþ consolidatiuis þe wounde þat is maad wiþ smytynge.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)125a/a : And ȝif it [broken bone] be not wele ioyned oþere sette, sette him as him ouȝte to ben.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.300 : And ȝit the Rose Openede neuere the More, but al Clos and Ioynt Evere was it thore.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.480 : A blessed virgine..Al Ioint & Clos In Al manere tyme As was the Rose.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)146b/a : Þer ben iij general instrumentis of surgerie, bi þe whiche þre euery man þat worchiþ in surgerie muste worche..for to departen þat þat is contynued And for to ioyne aȝen þat þat is departid.
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2450 : Þai ȝarkid to þe ȝatis..Sum in Iopons, sum in Iesserantis, sum Ioyned [Dub: Ioned] all in platis.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68b : Junyd:..concinctus.
5.
Fig. (a) To unite (virtues), combine (qualities), join (hearts); (b) ~ to, to unite (sb., the heart, a quality) with (God); unite (soul) with (body); join (one quality) to (another); join (power) to (a person); link (a consequence) to (an action); bring (pestilence) continually upon (sb.), etc.; -- also refl.; ~ til, join (sb.) to (Christ); ~ unto (onto), unite (one quality) with (another); join (mankind, the soul) to (God, Christ); attach (oneself) to (one's goods); ~ with, join (one vice) with (another); combine (one humor) with (another); join (alchemical bodies) with (spirits).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)94b/b : Þe vertu of digestioun in þe lyuour erriþ in foure maners, as qualitees beþ I-ioyned in foure, and so comeþ foure manere dropesies.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10625 : Þe witt, þe vertu, of hir ioynt, May no mon write.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3903 : Loue..of feithfulnes hath his original, In hertis Ioyned by convenience.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5075 : She..may..joyne her hertes togidre so In love, and take and yeve also.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3997 : Whan reueled wit and namly [read: manly] hardynesse Ben knytte to-gidre, as ȝok of mariage, Ther foloweþ of victorie þe swetnesse..And thus tho two ioynt ben ful profitable.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)214 : Al shone and shyned with inestymable odour and swetnes joyned toguyder.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1616 : Þe soule..out of helle he broȝte & to is bodi is ioinede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/36 : Þe yefþe of wysdom hise makeþ stedeuest..and ioyneþ [Vices & V.(2): fasteneþ] to god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)247/3 : Þe yefþe of wysdom..is alsuo y-goyned [Vices & V.(2): knytt] to god, þet he uoryet al þet is onder god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)260/26 : He heþ þe herte zuo to-deld uram þe loue of þe wordle and zuo y-yoyned [Vices & V.(2): enioyned and knytt] to god be charite.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3683 : Whan myght is ioyned [vr. ioygned] vn to crueltee, Allas to depe wol the venym wade.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.28.21 : Ioyne to þe [L Adjungat tibi] þe lord pestylence to þe tyme þat he waste þe fro þe erþe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2804 : Deeth is the ende of euery man as in this present lyf, and for what cause or encheson ioyneth he hym, or knytteth he hym, so faste vn to his goodes?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2791 : Whan Pride is with Envie joint, He soffreth noman in good point.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2464 : Of bodies sevene in special, With foure spiritz joynt withal, Stant the substance of this matiere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)44a/a : By þe aier þe nose drawiþ in a fumosite, ioyneþ hymself to þe spirit of felinge [L spiritui animali se associat], þe whiche spirit takeþ a liknes of þat smoke & presentiþ it in þe brayn to þe dome of þe soule.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312a/b : Þere is no witte of feelynge wiþoute touche or gropynge ioyned þerto.
- a1400 Cato(3) (Frf 14)230 : Wiþ drinking and leccheri ioynid is wiþ foli, lustis and strife.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.10.15 : To thi faders ioyned is [L conglutinatus est] the Lord, and he louede hem.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.98 : Dignytees and poweres ne ben nat gode of hir owene kynde, syn that they suffren hemselve to cleven or joynen hem to schrewes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.137-9 : Alle the yyftes of Fortune..neither thei ne joygnen hem nat alwey to gode men, ne maken hem alwey gode to whom they been ijoyned.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.2.49 : Ne noon ordenaunce is bytaken to thynges, but that that hath joyned the endynge to the bygynnynge, and hath maked the cours of itself stable.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)34/35 : He þat is ioyned, or knyt, or oonyd, in loue to God, he worchiþ and dooþ what he may to þe profyte of his neiȝbore.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)35a/a : Sometyme anoþer humoure if ioyned wiþ it..þei be þe ensamples of þe compowned.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)23/24 : Some alsso þer ar þat outward semys to god iunyd.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)43/2 : Inparfyte treuly is ilk cristyn þat..to any warldly solas is Ioynyd [L conglutinatur].
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)199/3 : Preying to owr Lord þat hir lofe & hir affeccyon myth ben joynyd to hym only wyth-owtyn ende.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.3343 : Whan craft onto nature Iioyned is bi dilligent labour.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)39 : We sey þat crist ded þis, for whan he schuld come & take mankynde and ioyne it on to his godhed, he wold haue a general pes þorw oute þe world, whech fell in þis mannes tyme þe xlii ȝer of his regne.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)43/31 : It may not be..but þat þe movyng power obeie and execute þe movyng of þe bodi..into þe getyng of þe þing coueytid..in lasse þan a þing ioynyd and cowplid to þe getyng of þe same þing move more bi drede forto refuse þe þing so dred.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)10625 : The wytte, þe vertu, to hir ioynt May no man wryte.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)8/32 : Eche soule is made..in þe same poynt..of tyme in whiche it is couplid and joinyd to þe body.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)140.7 : Sum of thaire maste maystirs ere ioynyd til [vr. ioyind to] crist in luf and swelighid in haly kirke.
- a1500 St.Jerome (Lamb 432)336/10 : I am his soule that..am Joynyd vnto Crist.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.133 : Late wisedom ay to thy will be junyt.
6.
In figurative or extended senses: (a) to unite, form an alliance; ~ to, attach (oneself) to (a ruler); ~ onto, unite (others) with (oneself); ben joined, be allied or related, be related (to sb.); ben joined in, be united in (a company, etc.); joined, allied, combined, united; (b) to unite (countries); ~ to, annex (one kingdom) to (another), ally (a region) with (sb.); (c) to join (persons) in marriage; give in marriage [quot. 1483]; ~ in matremoine, unite (persons) in matrimony; ~ with, unite (oneself) in marriage with (a woman); ben joined to (with), be married to (sb.); (d) to consummate (a sexual union); (e) to couple (a cow) with (the bull); (f) ben joined in, of a musical interval:?to be related to (sth.); (g) ~ to, to share in (a punishment); ~ with, join (sb. in an activity); joint with, sharing with (sb.); (h) ?to be suitable, be fitting.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.29 : Þese tweyne were y-ioyned [vr. y-juyned; Higd.(2): coniuncte] to gidres boþe by kynrede and affinite.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.341 : Gurmundus and þe Saxons, i-ioyned [vr. yiuined] and oned to giders, chasede Careticus from citee to citee.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1647 : Hector with knyȝtes..eke Paris and Dephebus..Alle attonys, Ioyned in-to oon, Vpon Grekis sodeinly be goon.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)3 Kings 3.1 : Bi affynyte he [Salomon] is joyned to Pharao.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.2.40 : Some folk..enforcen hem for to reignen or elles to joygnen hem to hem that reignen.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)537-8 : Thus are þai ioyned in stedfast cumpany; ffor too breþerin with loue ioyned in oon Are lich a strong cyte.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)108/18 : These abbotes deuoutly receyued þis comaundment, and ioynend on-to hem for mor auctoryte many oþir persones of þe cherche.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68b : To june:..confederare.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)199 : Iuned:..federatus, con-.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7257 : Normandie þoru þe king, & þoru þe quene, engelond Iioyned [B: Ioyned] were þo kundeliche as in one monnes hond.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.101 : Eggebert, kyng of Westsaxons, ioyned [Higd.(2): added; L annecteret] þat kyngdom [Kent] to his owne.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.303 : Theodoricus..maried his douȝters and sustres to kynges þat wonede þere aboute, so þat wel nygh al Italy was i-ioyned to hym by suche affinite.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)23/20 : Egbertus Joynyd [L annecteret] hit [Essex] & knyte to his kyngdame.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)6/163 : God wescht and markeþ and forȝefþ, And ioyneþ men an wyues.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.7.10 : To hem that ben ioyned [vr. wedded] in matrimonye.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.101 : Ȝif þe iustice iugge hire to be ioyned with [vrr. Ioynet with, Iuned to; B: ioigned with] fals, Ȝet be war of þe weddyng.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)769 : Be way of Mariage, She to be Ioyned to this manly knyght.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)844 : This lady, called sapience, I-wedded was vnto eloquence..hem to be ioyned be knot of Aliaunce.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mat.19.6 : Thei ben not now tweyne, but o fleisch; Therfor a man departe not that thing that God hath ioyned.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.8.24 : This love halt togidres peples joyned with an holy boond and knytteth sacrement of mariages.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)150b/b : He þat may not dele with & gendre, ioyne hym not wiþ a womman; Nature forsoþ shulde be bigiled.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)198/35-199/1 : Whan sche sey weddyngys, men & women ben joyned to-gedyr aftyr þe lawe of þe Chirche, a-non sche had in meditacyon how owr Lady was joynyd to Ioseph.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)72 : Þerfor be ware of making of mariagis, and of diuorsis..for..no man may depart þe þing þat God haþ jonid, no man may joyn, but if þat God joyn bi forn.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)199 : To Iunge:..maritare.
d
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13831 : And the coniunctoun vniust is Joynit vs betwene.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289b/b : For in þat age suche a cow is y-ioyned to þe bole to conceyue and to be with calfe.
f
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)335a/a : Hemiolia is y-ioyned in noumbre epogdonus, þat beþ, noumbres þat beþ aboue viij & hatte tonus in musike.
g
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)726 : Schal þay falle in þe faute þat oþer frekez wroȝt And joyne to her juggement her juise to have?
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)97 : Sum segg hym bi-soȝt of sum siker knyȝt To joyne wyth hym in iustyng.
- (1450) RParl.5.193b : The said Roulande cancelled the said Patent, to th'entent that he myght have his sonne Roulande joynt with hym.
h
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)658 : Of houndes ich was wardeyn, and of hauekes with þe king, And nov am wardein of soulene i-maked, and þat ne Ioyneth [Hrl: vieth; Corp-C: veiþ; Vrn: acordeþ] no-þing.
7.
(a) To bring (things) together in one place, juxtapose; put (sth.) near; join or clasp (the hands); bring (ears, feet) together; ppl. joined, together, in company; joined togeder, set or fitted together; (b) ~ to (til, until, with), to put or place (sth.) on or beside (sth.); ride (one's horse) up to (sb.); refl. come close to (sth.), join the company of (sb. or sth.); joined to (til, with), in company with (sb.), together with; (c) ~ to, to build or make (sth.) near to (sth. else); ben joined to, be located near (sth.); ben joined to hemself, of territories: come together, meet; (d) astron. & astrol. ben joined, to be in conjunction; ben joined with, be in conjunction with (a planet); (e) med. joined cause, immediate cause.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5913 : He joined his honden, ioe vus di, & ȝalt hem þank & gramerci.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)67.27 : Þe princes ioient [vr. ioynyd; L coniuncti] com tofore to þe synigand.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)434 : Alle gendrez, so joyst, wern joyned wythinne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2037 : I..knelide doun with hondis joynt.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)393 : A whelp..Helde doun hys hed and joyned hys eres.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.227 : If that ston be oon, say in what wyse and by what arte hit was elevate; if there be mony stones, say where they be contiguate or ioynede to gedre [L contigui].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68a : To june:..Apponere.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68b : Junyd:..compactus, contiguatus, jmpactus.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)300 : She..lifte vp hir handes ioynynge towarde heuene.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)333 : Whan the kynge Boors saugh the socour come, he ioyned his feet and lept vpon the deed bodyes of men.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)197/113 : Ane table of Marbre In is hond, þe on bar at-fore heom alle; heo Ioyneden it to seinte Agace toumbe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.11.4 : Þe comun..brente wiþ desire of flesch, sittynge & wepynge, juyned [altered to: joyned; L junctis] to hem togedere þe sonys of Jrael.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.22.25 : Þe asse Iunede [vr. ioynede; L junxit] hym self to þe wal & brysede þe foot of þe sittere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.67.26 : The princis camen befor, ioyned with the singeris.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 8.29 : The spirit seide to Philip, 'Come to, and ioyne thee to this chare.'
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)2a/b : Adhibeo: to cleue to, sette to, iuyne to, & to ȝeue.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.10 : Orpheus..hadde maked the hertes and the hyndes to joynen dreedles here sydes to cruel lyouns (for to herknen his song).
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.12 : The swifte thoght..areyseth hym into the houses that beren the sterres, and joyneth his weies with the sonne, Phebus.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)38b : Þe scheltrun of foot men of þe ferste cohort schul be sette in þe first corner of þe scheltrun, and to hem þe secound cohort schal be genned [vr. joyned].
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)86a : Wiþ drawe þe first scheltrom of foot men..and þanne aftirwarde a litel and a litel drawe þe remenaunt away, & ioyne or knitte hem to here felawes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)37.310 : Evene to the Roches Poynt that vessel was Comen, and therto Ioynt.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)247/161 : Late vs justely vs iune Tille Judas þe gente.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)220/27 : Than he joyned his horse untyll a sterne gyaunte and smote hym thorow bothe sydys.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)67.27 : Prynces..bifor come the, god..ioyned til syngand, that is, til tha that sownes thi louynge in hert.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)751 : A gardin..was..Ioyned wel iustly to meliors chamber.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.17.10 : Þat þe possession of effraym be fro þe souþ, & fro þe norþ of Manasse..& þei been Iuned to hem self [L conjungantur sibi] in þe lynage of aser fro þe norþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.12.4 : He schall take his neyȝbour þat is Ioyned [L junctus est] to his house.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 18.7 : Tyte..whos hous was ioyned to the synagoge.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)116b/b : Þouȝ þe mone be yoyned [L iungatur] wiþ þe sonne and chaungiþ eueriche moneþ, he makeþ nouȝt eclips alway.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.625 : The bente moone with hire hornes pale, Saturne, and Jove in Cancro joyned were, That swych a reyn from heven gan avale.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.4.57,59 : The lord of the ascendent..be not retrograd, ne combust, ne joyned with no shrewe in the same signe; ne that he be not in his discencioun, ne joyned with no planete in his descencioun, ne have upon him noon aspect infortunat.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)5 : Whan þat Lucina wiþ hir pale liȝt Was Ioyned last wiþ Phebus in aquarie.
e
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)24a/a : The special causes [of apostemes] ben 3: þe primytifz, þe antecedent, & þe ioynede.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)24b/a : The coniuncte, i. ioynede, causes of apostemes ben þe materes þe whiche ben gadred to-gedre & fastned in þe membre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)35b/a : Ioynede [L coniuncte] causes ben þilke materes þe whiche ben conteynede in þe place.
8.
(a) To add (sth.), give or enumerate (sth.) additional; ~ in, add (sth.); ~ to, add (sb. or sth.) to (sb. or sth.); (b) to add up (journeys), add up (the results of multiplication).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.15.19 : Þe souþ lond & dryȝe þou hast ȝyue me; Iune & amoyste [WB(2): ioyne thou also the moist] dongy lond.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.5.8 : Wo that ioynen [L conjungitis] hous to hous, and feeld to feeld coupleth, vn to the terme of a place.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1009 : Ȝet joyned John þe crysolyt, Þe seuenþe gemme in fundament.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.1.28 : But yit to this thing ther is yit another thing ijoyned [vr. I-Ioigned] more to ben wondrid uppon.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)85a/b : He graunted wyne, to which somtyme he ioyned hony.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)11485 : [Th]anne Gouernours of þe Ost gonne they ordeynen there: [S]ire Leownce, Sire Gyrflet, & Sire Lwcawns the botelere; [th]anne Sire Faryens to sire Leownces j-joyned he was [Towar]dis the wode to kepen jn that plas.
- a1450 WBible(2) Prol.Kings (NC 66)p.2 : Fro thennus thei ioyneden yn [L subtexunt] Sophim, that is, the book of Juges; and in to the same thei putten in Ruth.
b
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1538 : This Cite was sothely, to serche it aboute, Þre iorneys full iointly, to ioyne hom by dayes.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)41/5 : Afterwarde Ioyne the produccioun, and þere wol be the some totalle.
9.
(a) To come or be together, be juxtaposed; come to (sth.); ~ ifere, ~ togederes, come together, meet; (b) to approach, come; go; -- also refl.; (c) ~ to (upon, with), to extend as far as (sth.), border upon, touch; also fig.; (d) joininge on, adjoining, meeting; joininge to (unto), near to, next to, not far from; also, extending to, bordering upon; even joininge to (with), abutting upon, touching; joininge upon, immediately above, resting upon; also, right next to.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.227 : Ȝif þe stone is oon, telle what craft brouȝt hym vppon; Ȝif meny st[on]es, telle where þey ioyne [L contigui] attones.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.307 : Everiche celle is departed in foure and to sette wiþ ynne for þe oratorie, þe dortour, þe freytour, and þe werkhous..bote þey joyneþ al to gidres.
- ?c1400 Earth(2) (PRO)42/9 : Whan eorthe juynt eorthe so luþer to awelden, & eorthe on þat eorthe allewey bi helden.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4748 : Saue hir browes Ioynden y-fere, No man koude in hir a lake espien.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.813 : And, save hire browes joyneden yfere, Ther nas no lak.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4110 : Vndyr þe brygge þer is a swyke, Couerde clos, ioynande quentelyke.
b
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)407 : And hiderward he ioynes with sixti þousent..of clene men of Armes.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4026 : He a kny[ȝ]t of Grece slouȝ..By traisoun..And joyned hym vs among, Als on of vs.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4314 : When Jesu Egipte Joynit with in, All Symylacres..soghten to ground.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1284 : Þe toure of Tire..he leues and Ioynes him to Iosaphat; full ioyles he rydes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1454 : He..Ioynes him toward Ierusalem.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)184b/b : Þis londe ioyneth to þe mouþe of Danubius in þe eeste syde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)193b/a : Turtoun, Pernes, and Assise þat ioynen and ben nyȝe [L contigue sunt et vicine] to þe valey of Spolitane.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.129 : For ryght as of cerklis that tornen aboute a same centre or aboute a poynt, thilke cerkle that is innerest or most withinne joyneth to the symplesse of the myddle and is, as it were, a centre or a poynt to that othere cerklis that tornen abouten hym.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)11/3 : Theise hilles passen the clowdes & ioynen [F ioignent] to the pure eyr.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)22/8 : Araby..ioynes apon [Man.(1): marcheth to] Ydumee toward Botron.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)5/11 : The reume that is callid Ros..lastyth to the lond of Noscelawe and Iaynes with [vr. Iayns with; L coniungitur] the lond of Doros.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11882 : The last Ioy of ioly men Ioynys with sorow.
d
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Kn.(Hrl 7334)A.1060 : The grete tour..was euene Ioynyng [vrr. ioynand, ioyned, Innyng (= Iunyng)] to þe gardeyn wal.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 216 : My wreched, stynkyng careyne to be beried wyþoute þe Chapell..myn heued ionyng to þe walle vnder þe Wyndoue of þe estende of þe same Chapelle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3554 : With hym allone in hir oratorie -- Not openly as ypocrites preye In diuers angles Ioynyng on þe weye, Of þe peple to be comendid.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3814 : Eleyne..Conseyved was in Tyndaris þe yle, Vnto þe lond Ioinyng of Cecyle.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1163 : Polymyte a-side gan hym drawe By a forest Ioynyng to the See.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)90a/a : Leie þre plumasoles..on þe to syde of þe wounde & þre on þe toþer side, as euene ioynynge with þe lippes as þu kannest.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1962 : The tour..Was joynynge in the wal to a foreyne.
- (1447-8) Shillingford100 : Freeholders..have used to make stalles in all stretes joynyng to the saide houses.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Mum.London (Trin-C R.3.20)13 : She Haþe hir dwelling in þe see, Ioyning to a bareyne roche.
- a1450 Lydg.ST (Bod 776)2274 : Ioynyng [vrr. Ioyned, adioynynge; Arun: Toures..Ioyneaunt almost to the wal].
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)45/18 : Þanne schall þe thrillyd potte been sette junande vp-on þe toþer potte, so þat þe bottum of þe ouer potte cleue fast vn-to þe mowth of þe neþer potte.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)487 : And ther I sawh a smal wyket Ioynynge evene vp-on the gate.
10.
(a) Of a battle: to begin; ~ bataille, begin a battle; ~ issue, submit a legal controversy for decision; ~ resounes togederes, bring arguments into direct opposition; (b) ~ on (with), to attack (sb.), begin to fight with (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.150 : But wiltow that we joynen togidres [L inuicem collidamus] thilke same resouns, for paraventure of swiche conjunccioun [L conflictione] may sterten up som fair sparcle of soth?
- (1430-31) RParl.4.376a : Alle Jugges of or in the Courtes, wher as any ple is or shal be hangyng, taken, or meved, in which plees so hangyng, taken, or meved, bastardie is or shal be aleged ayens ony persone partie to the same ple, and yeruppon issue joyned or to be joyned, which oweth be lawe to be certified be any ordinarie.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)289 : When þe batells were iunede, With speris freschely þay funede.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1193/14 : And than the batayle joyned, and there was much slaughter on bothe partyes.
b
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2112 : All theis geauntez..Ioynez on sir Ienitall and gentill knyghtez With clubbez of clene stele.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2890 : Bot one Iolyan of Iene, a geante fulle howge, Has jonede one sir Jerante, a justis of Walis.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12965 : This Forenses..prayet Þat he might ryde with þat Orest & his ranke oste To Ioyne with Engest for his vniust werkes.
11.
(a) To make (sth.) by joining parts together; joined stol, a joint stool; joined table, a table similarly made; ~ up, build (a temple); (b) to make (a word) by joining etymological parts; (c) to write (sth.), compose; (d) to perform (an action); (e) joined ful, made full (of sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester6 : Tables parte, j d.; table joyned, 1/2 d.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)23/15 : And as he com aȝein by þe toun, he seiȝ a man ioynen a fatte þat hiȝtte Mathie Leui.
- (1415) Invent.Agincourt in Archaeol.7089 : Item, iiij Stolis Joynid, pris ij s. viij d..v Stolis veillis joynez, pris xvj d.
- (1415) Invent.Agincourt in Archaeol.7099 : Item, Joynid Stole, pris iij d.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1001 : To fore whiche was set..A borde of Eban and of yvor whyt, So egaly Ioyned..Þat in þe werk þer was no rifte sene.
- (1434) EEWills102/8 : Also a litil Ioyned stoll for a child, & a nother Ioyned stoll large, for to sitte on whanne he cometh to mannes state.
- (1441) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 67.8v. : vj joyned stoles.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.40/17 : Item, j table, j paire of trestilles, thre ioyned stolys, a Copberd.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4458 : For iolite of Iupitir, ȝe ioyen vp templis.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.183 : Item, j junyd stole.
- (1463-4) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 94129 : Item, a ioyned table, xii d.
b
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.95 : Cecile..Is ioyned by a manere conioinynge Of 'heuene' and 'lia', and here in figurynge The 'heuene' is set for thoght of holynesse And 'lia' for hir lastyng bisynesse.
c
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.159 : Iames þe ientil ioynide [vrr. Iuggid, demys, hath wryten, Seyth it, bond hit; C: suggeþ] in his bokis Þat feiþ wiþoute fait is feblere þan nouȝt.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3464 : Al be þe metire bot mene, þus mekill haue I ioyned.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.34.9 : Ioyne we [L jungamus] togyþer maryagez, ȝour douȝtren ȝiue ȝe to vs, & oure douȝtren take ȝe.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)548 : All that astronomie aught too long, With ginnes of gemetrie too joinen his werkes, Hee let trusse full tid and takes nomore.
e
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4504 : Dame Iuno was a iettir & ioyned full of iree.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5261 : Hire palais was full precious..Plied ouir with pure gold all þe plate-rofes, And þat was ioyned full of gemes & of ioly stanes.