Middle English Dictionary Entry
in-wā̆rd adv.
Entry Info
| Forms | in-wā̆rd adv. Also inwart, inworde, (error) inwar. |
| Etymology | OE in-weard |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To or toward the inside of a building, space, opening, etc.; (b) toward the back of a holding of land; (c) into the midst of a battle or battlefield; towards the center of a line of battle.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)18/23 : As me reat hire inwart [Roy: inward], ha bigon to bidden þeos bone.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)262/61 : Anne fot heo ne miȝte þare-Inne go..For heo fram alle oþere stod with-oute..Ȝeot heo wolde in-ward go.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11094 : Arblastes sone & ginnes wiþoute me bende & ssote inward vaste inou.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2367 : Þei hastily at his hest hiȝed inward atte roche.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5187 : Sarazyns..wer com inward at hard & neychs At a pan þat was broken.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4079 : The wyf cam lepyng inward with a ren.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1306 : Ga to þe ȝatte..and lote þi hed inwar [Frf: wiþ-in], þi self wit-outte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1725 : And arm in arm inward with hym she wente.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)268 : Yf þou com more inward, It schall þe rewe afterward.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.5.5a : Than I loked after my wardeyn..beholdyng inward as ferre as I myght.
b
- (c1384) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.231/27 : All the Fronntte of the seyde soyle, A-ȝenst the hye Strete, And xl fote ynward.
- (1457) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 81.m.8 : From þe outeside..of þe said gate ynward toward þe wherf.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1707 : Til þat þe kyng whiche Thoas hiȝt, On Grekis side, inward gan hym dresse And of newe ful knyȝtly gan oppresse Hem of Troye.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2828 : Thenne in a feelde a frounte of this liburnys It is to sette, and not as on the londe An oost; and whi? for inward it to turne is, The hornys as a sharp cressaunt to stonde, A bosomynge amyddis to be founde.
1b.
(a) On the inside of a building, etc.; on the interior side; within; (b) within a region or realm; (c) inside a solid object.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)310 : Twelf oþere freres heo i-metten Inward to þe mete.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2998 : Under an hell ther is a Cave..Ther is no dore..So that inward ther is no lette.
- c1410(a1387) Legal Gloss.Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)95 : Infantif pelfynde inward, a Frensche, dedeyns le soen atachement de laroun.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1357 : Item, the south pane in lengthe clv fete in which shal stande the halle..with ij baywyndowes, on inward an other outward..and atte the west ende of the halle the Provostes loggyng..with a corner toure inward and an other withoute.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)96a : Þe walles bytwene þe toures were I-made rounde ynward & holw outward.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1595 : He was a myrour to monkes inwarde, And lyght of lyfe to lewed men outwarde.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)264 : He..sent messangers home afore to his castell, for to make all clene, both ynward and outeward.
b
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)32/1 : An insulan peple..by hire propir mocyoun inward, with-owtyn ony straunge or foreyn styrynge owtewarde, is redely and sone mevid to contrarye þyngis.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)116 : A kynges office stondith in ij thynges: on to defende his reaume ayen þair enemeyes outwarde bi the swerde, an other that he defende his peple ayenst wronge doers inwarde bi justice.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)207a/b : Al þat is conteyned inward in metal and in veynes of erþe is y-hidde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)208a/a : It [a tree] feeliþ no sore whan it is y-hewe oþer y-kutte..Inward nouþer outward, noþer haþ oþere condiciouns þat longeþ to þe soule of felynge.
2.
(a) Toward the inside of the body, toward the inner side of a bodily part; (b) inside the body, internally.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30a/b : Also, by kynde, coolde..lediþ þe humour & þe spirit with hym inward [L ad interiora].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298a/a : Þe teeþ [of serpents] ben dented inward.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312b/a : Odour..perseþ inward and comeþ to þe brayn.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)291/4 : Þan it wole make a greet hole ynward toward þe guttis.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)93a/b : Vlcerez..beþ more yuel þat beþ made in þe lacerte..And þat ar profounded inward, þan þo þat beþ in opne shewyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)68b/a : Þe matrice..is wide as a ȝerde reuersed oþer as a ȝerde putte inwarde oþer turned inwarde, as Galien seiþe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)102b/b : In þe egge of þe bocche þer is a maner aschie bledder, þe whiche semeþ as it were drawen inwarde wiþ a þrede.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)115b/a : Þriste þe knotte inwarde & kitte þe skynne þat keuers þe knotte wiþ a rasour.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)30b/a : Her vpmost extremite is a litil additament lijk a rauenes bile..þe which makiþ þe schap of þe elbowe whanne þe arme is folden ynward.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)85a/a : Triacle..on a pailatt..drawiþ out þe venym and latiþ not it passe more ynward.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)40b/a : Þe aposteme only appereþ inward [*Ch.(2): wiþ-ynne; L intus] toward þe faucez & amigdalez when þe tong is compressed.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)128b/a : Ȝif it dwelle longe in þis place, it engenderþ quiture inworde & perseþ to þe parties wiþin.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)254 : And he [the beggar]..holde his pees, And noght out schewe how seek he inward is, He may al day so sytten helplees.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)616 : I can not wit, for who is hurt of nwe And blediþ inward, til he wex pale of hwe.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)200 : Ambrosiana wole dryve out of þe body þat blediþ inward also mikel blode as the pacient drinkeþ iuus of þis herbe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)59b/b : If þou fyndist ony wounde þat blediþ not outward but ynward.
- a1500 Agnus Castus (LdMisc 553)200/45 : Þat water..is good for a man þat bledeþ inward.
3.
(a) Into the mind or soul; (b) within the mind or soul, in spirit, in inner truth (as distinguished from outward show).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/18 : Bihald inward þer ich am, & ne sech þu me nawt wið ute þin heorte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/1 : Eauer se þes wittes beoð mare isprengde utward, se ha leasse wendeð inward.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)140/28 : Sone se me biginneð consenti to sunne, leoten lust gan inward & te delit waxen.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/3 : Eauer se recluse toteð mare utward, se ha haueð leasse leome of ure lauerd inward.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2835 : Ther been two thynges that arn necessarie..good conscience to thyn owene persone inward and good loos for thy neighebore outward.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.935 : It is a greet folye a womman to haue a fair array outward and in hir self be foul inward.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.634 : Semende of liht thei werke The dedes whiche are inward derke.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.175 : Inwarde in herte nor outwarde in schewyng, To his vncle ne was he nat grucchyng.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3475 : Many man..Can..rake falsly þe wikked couert fire, Ful hoot brennyng inward of envye.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1961 : Shewyng a cheer in maner debonayre..Inward in herte wood and furious.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4453 : Feithful alle..Both in her port and inward in menyng.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4411 : Whanne I remembre me of my woo..Inward myn herte I feele blede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7015 : Outward, lambren semen we..And inward we..Ben gredy wolves ravysable.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)321 : If he inward hadde any repentaunce, Þat wote he þat of no þing haþ doutaunce.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)73/30 : Ypocrisye..is whanne þou schewyst þi-self outeward, in syȝt of peple, holyere þan þou art inward, in þe syȝt of god.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)191/21 : We moste clense vs boþe in flesshe and in spirit for this feste of the Assumpcion..And therefore let vs clense boþe inward and outward.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)20/20 : Outwarde þei were nedy, but inwarde þei were refreshid wiþ grace & gostly comfort.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)113/33 : Þou owist..þat in euery place, every accion or outwarde occupacion, þou be inwarde fre & miȝty in þiself.
4.
(a) Privately; (b) as a buyer.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)430/1 : Ane emperour sulde be such a man outeward anence his commons as he wold þai war inward vnto hym agayn.
b
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)133/30 : Þe thridde inche is whanne þou hauntyst false mesurys & weyȝtys, in bying be þe more & sellyng be þe lesse, & þowȝ þi mesure & weyȝte be trewe, ȝit þou takyst it large inward & ȝeuyst it scarse outward.