Middle English Dictionary Entry
hōpe n.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | hōpe n.(1) Also hop(pe, hoipe, ope. |
| Etymology | OE hopa |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Trust, confidence; haven ~ to (in), to trust in (sb. or sth.); (b) wishful desire, hope; without ~, without wishful thinking, without exaggeration; (c) expectation; state of expectancy; (d) conviction, belief, certitude; (e) apprehension, anxiety.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13899 : Þa andswarede Hænges..We habbeð godes gode..þa we habbeð hope to.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)33/14 : Ne haue ðu hope te golde ne to seluer..ne forðen te manne.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)438 : Wo se festeð hope on him [the devil], he sal him folgen to helle dim.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(Hrl 2277)220 : Þis blynde kyng hadde þerto hope.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)5/23 : Þe ilke þet deþ his hope heȝliche ine ssepþe, zeneȝeþ dyadliche.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1878 : Thus with good hope..They take hir leue.
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)6/11 : Waried is he þat setteþ his hope in mon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.893 : Sche..To slepe upon the bedd is leid, In hope that sche scholde achieve Thing..Fulfild of alle holinesse.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.678 : Ay we han good hope It for to doon.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)20b/b : Affecciouns beþ foure, Ioye, hope, drede, & sorwe.
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Cl.(Elsm)E.1181 : No wedded man so hardy be tassaille His wyues pacience in hope [Heng: trust] to fynde Grisildis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2751 : Þus sche was at a-bay I-set Amyd of hope and of drede also.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)186/24 : Þus wenten many..Bacheleres for to sle grete lordes..& made hemself to ben slayn in hope to haue þat paradys.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1859 : So sadly in soueraynete he set neuire his hope For pride..To olle ay on his vndireling.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)127b/b : It bihoueþ þe leche þat haþ þe cure haue hope oonly in god & kynde þat comeþ of him.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)64b : Hope:..fiducia.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)177 : I haue good hoope we shall not parte so sone.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)43/6 : As me seið, ȝef hope nere, heorte to breke.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)275 : Rohand..held his hert in an..It brast þurch blod and ban Ȝif hope no ware to rise.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)965 : Þer-for loueliche ladi, in þe lis al min hope.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1925 : Plesance and hope, desir, foolhardynesse, Beautee and youthe, baudrye, richesse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3540 : Unto his sped he fond no weie, So that he caste his hope aweie.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.994 : Toward the whiche daunce he drow ful yerne In hope that som wisdom sholde he lerne.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)2097 : Asie is wiþouten hope [Vsp: suike] As myche as aufrik & europe.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1217 : His hope stod Be Aliaunce of some worthy blood..That he shal be relesed of his peyne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.913 : Lat Troie and Troian fro youre herte pace! Drif out that bittre hope.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2781-7 : Good hope is curteis for to please..Hope kepith his bond..For hope to lovers..Doth hem endure all myscheef; Hope is her helpe, whanne myster is.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)65 : Þei schulden..don nouȝt for ope of grettere benefices.
- (1445) Paston2.73 : I leve in hoope, and ye wolle lern that they schulle be made werye of her werke.
- c1450 Comp.Hope (Frf 16)46 : Ne wer hope, hert shulde breste.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)562-3 : Whan..thow art wrappid in aduersite..Hope is she, shal make the a sethe; Hope leueth nat a man.
c
- c1300 SLeg.11000 Virg.(LdMisc 108)142 : Þe pope Ciriac and Bischopes..Þat for trewe hope of Martyrdom with heom weren i-gon.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)381 : Þe kind kouherde..pult hire in hope to haue gret help þer-of after.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.288 : In the flour is hope of fruyt in tyme comynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)116a/b : Ȝif þe mone is with a good planete..þan is hope of lyf.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3054 : Þam wanted brede, þeir water es gan, Hope [Göt: Hop] o lijf ne had þai nan.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.187 : I..Dede hym hoppe for hope to haue me at wille.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)2449 : Al þat þei doþ, hit is in veyn; Suche is my hope and my tryste.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)56a/b : Some men ben helede ofte tyme mervaylously wiþ oute hope [*Ch.(1): wiþoute hopyng; L absque spe].
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)26 : To laboreres the hoope of there payment softeth there laboures off there besynes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5311 : Gode hele mot ye haue with hop of your lyues!
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.419 : He may graunte lyf to hem þat be in dwere And eke in hope for to be hang and drawe.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)3676 : He of the surplus of the pray May lyve in hoope to gete som day.
d
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9367 : He mot bi se..Þe noumbre..Of prowesse me mot take gome þat me bineþe ne go Vor pur meseise & vor hope þat þer beþ mo.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Abbess (Phys-E)p.167 : For of this abbes haued he hop That scho haued ben a god womman.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1653 : Of þe Hyȝest he hade a hope in his hert, Þat uche pouer past out of þat Prynce even.
e
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)714 : Þenne arȝed Abraham, and alle his mod chaunge[d] For hope of þe harde hate þat hyȝt hatz oure Lorde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4564 : Love shall nevere..Here of me..Offence or complaynt..Neither of Hope [F esperance] nor Idilnesse.
2.
Theol. (a) Trust in God, the virtue of hope; also, hope personified; (b) God or Christ as a basis for hope; (c) religious confidence in the Virgin Mary; (d) excessive or unwarranted hope, presumption.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2777 : Godess þeoww birrþ habbenn her Aȝȝ soþfasst læfe o Criste, & soþfasst hiȝ & hope onn himm, & soþfasst lufe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)29/31 : An oðer hali mihte ðe is icleped firma spes, þat is, fast hope to godalmihti.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)16/14 : Glede me, good, wið þi gleo, & ȝef me hope of heale.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)42/13,15 : For þi feieð ysaie hope & silence baðe to gederes..i silence & in hope schal beon ower strengðe.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)667 : In cristes milce ure hope is best.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)123/12,17 : Þe þri uerste clepeþ saynte paul beleaue, hope, and charite, and byeþ ycleped godliche..Hope..ous arereþ to god and ous makeþ strang..uor to ondernime..þet paceþ uirtue of man.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)78/394 : The tothir gode thewe and vertue is hope, That is a siker abyding..For to come to that blisse that never mare blinnes.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.13.13 : Now forsothe dwellen feith, hope, and charite, thes thre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10333 : Of abraham has þou hard sai, Hu lang he liued, hu mani dai Witvten child, in hope allan.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.514 : Þanne hent hope an horne of deus tu conuersus viuificabis.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)401 : Þis hope most stand euenly betwene Dispayre & foule presumsyon.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)159 : Seynt petir biddiþ cristene men be redi to ȝeue reson of oure feiþ & ope to teche eche man þat axit it.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)306 : I shal, rysen of þe erthe..Se god..Þe hope in my bosom yput vp isse.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.38.24a : Stand stifli in hope and prey God.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)145/23 : Hoppe is a ryghtfull tryste for a ryghtfull Werke, iput be-twen wanhoppe and dysspayre, or presompsion.
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)486/43 : We prey the, lord..Wyth hoop and feyth owr hertes to assure.
b
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)217 : Heo is hefone liht..and mancenne hiht and hope.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)57/613 : Þu art hope of heale. þu art rihtwises weole.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)18/28 : Þu art hope & help to alle þet te herieð.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.13.6 : The counseil of the nedi ȝee han confoundid, for the Lord is his hope.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23929 : Þi suns ded..on min aun last dai, Þat es nu mi hope be þan mi hald.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.206 : Than nis ther no resoun to han hope in God, ne for to preien to God.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)72b : Ihu crist oure hope firste pistle to thymoth. firste cap.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2773 : O my lyht, cryst! o myne hoop, ihesu!
c
- a1300 Moder milde flur (Corp-O 59)11 : Riche quene & maiden bricht..min hope is in þe daȝ & nicht.
- c1390 Fadur and sone (Vrn)77 : As euere myn hope haþ ben in þe, Þenk þeron ladi, and help me þare.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)33 : Evere hath myn hope of refut been in thee.
d
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1411 : Ich rede þat noman synegy so, vp hope of amendynge.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1057 : Thanne shaltow vnderstonde whiche thynges destourben penaunce..drede, shame, hope, and wanhope, that is, desperacioun.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4360 : Ȝe wene þat God shal ȝow ȝeue Yn wykkednes, long to leue..Yn swyche hope goþ moche gyle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25827 : Be naman for-þi to bald To li langer in his sake, For hoppe o merci for to take.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)113/26 : The gloues on the hondes bitoken a veyne hoope that I hadde..I was ouer bolde to synne.
3.
(a) What may be expected; the expected thing; (b) a ground or basis for hope; also, the object hoped for.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.13.12 : Hope that is deferrid, tormenteth the soule.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.4.18 : Abraham aȝens hope bileuede..that he schulde be maad fadir of manye folkis.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Rom.8.24 : Hope þat is yseye ne is non hope, for þat þing þat a man seþ he ne hopeþ noȝt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.341 : Worschipe and love thou vertues; areise thi corage to ryghtful hopes.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)78/25 : Hoype my sawle chastisis þat is put bak.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.168 : At the day of dome ther nys noon hope to escape.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1654 : He him may of nothing yelpe, Bot if..tho wordes helpe..Wherof he hath an hope cawht.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.148 : I am Thomas, ȝour hope, to whom ȝe crie & grete, Martir of Canterbire.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1400 : Now writeth, swete..With hope or deth delivereth me fro peyne.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)177 : My playstere of paramours, my lady..Alle my hope and my hele.