Middle English Dictionary Entry
hōlī adj.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | hōlī adj.(2) Also holie, holli, oli, wholi woli, hōlẹ̄ & hali, haili, ali, hālẹ̄ & (chiefly N) heli, eli hoeli & (early, chiefly inflected) halga(n, halge(n, halege, haligan, halȝa(n, halȝæ(n, halȝe(n, halȝum, halȝhe, haliȝ, haliȝa, -e, -es, -ræ, -re, -u, halia(n, halie, haline, holia, holiȝe, heolia. |
Etymology | OE hālig. The form h(ēlī is most frequent in Northern texts but also appears in Gen.& Ex.; also cp. hoelī in WB(1), heolia in Lamb.Hom., & helidawes, etc., in Ancr. (Nero). These ME forms & ONhb. hælig (Durham Ritual) are prob. due to analogy with ME hēle n.(1) & OE hǣl, hǣlu. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Divine, sacred, to be revered or worshiped: (a) of God, Christ, the Trinity; ~ fader (god, lord), God; ~ barn, the Christ Child; ~ trinite (thrilihod, thrimnesse), the Holy Trinity; (b) of a pagan god or demigod.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)12/24 : Ȝif ȝe..hwæs biddæð æt minum Halȝum Fædere on mine nome, he hit ȝifð eow.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)80/12 : Þeo haliȝe ðrymnesse mid unaseȝenlicræ mihte wæs æfre wuniȝende.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2044 : Beo nu ken & cnawes..hu mihti..& hu hali is þes cristenes godd, Crist.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)26/250 : Swa ich habbe ofte isehen þe hali þrumnesse, feader & sune & hali gast.
- ?a1300 Thrush & N.(Dgb 86)172 : Of a maide meke and milde, Of hire sprong þat holi bern.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)129 : Aftur his holy þrilli-hod, He [God] schop his soule feir and good.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1836 : In vertu of the holy Trinitee, Tel me what is thy cause for to synge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)129 : Þe haly [Trin-C: holy] trinite..all has wroght wit his beute.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)98.10 : For hali lauerd our god he is.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)144.18 : Lauerd rightwise in alle his waies isse, And hali [vr. heli] in alle werkes hisse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.127 : Holy God..what thyng is that?
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55645 : The Worshipfull zelde of the wholy trinite in Couentre.
- (1447) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 11118 : Ornaments and other things of the Chapel of Holy Trinite.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1636 : I hope me, þurȝe þe helpe of þe haly fadire..To do with Darius.
- c1450 Ihesus þat sprong (Lamb 853)49 : Ihesu crist, holi and hende.
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)584 : Swilke a haly son I hade in my tyme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4938 : Happy haly here man..How þat þou neuynes my name?
2a.
(a) Of parts or attributes of God or Christ: belonging to the Deity, divine; (b) of places: belonging to or containing God; ~ hille (heven, hom, lond), the kingdom of heaven; paradise; ~ sepulcre; (c) belonging to a pagan god.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/27 : We moten..his haliȝe ansyne ecelice iseon a buton ende.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)138/9 : Þe..wise Fæder witerlice iscop & wrohte þurh his halȝæ wisdom..alle ȝesceftæ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.207 : Hiss hallȝhe sawle stah Fra rode dun till helle.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.Creed (Trin-C B.14.52)21 : His holie lichame was tospred on þe holie rode.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)204 : God..blew ðor-in..A spirit ful of wit and sckil; Ðor quiles it folgode heli wil.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)998 : I graunt him greþli on godis holi name, lelliche mi loue for euer.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3508 : Crist forbede it for his holy blood..I nam no labbe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4196 : Godd hald ouer nim his holi hand.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)32.21 : In his hali name hoped we.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)110.9 : Hali and aghfulle es name his.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)437 : Ȝif..enymon sek were, he wold wryte þis holyname al in his forheued, & anon of al his euil he cholde ben by-leued.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1600 : He..reuerencez þis haly name as he seis wreten.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)128/378 : Now crystys holy name be vs emang! what is this?
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)134/3 : We beoð ihatene & ilaðode to þam haliȝe hame..þær ðe Almihtiȝ Drihten leofæð ant rixæð.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/38 : Binumen þu hauest þe paradis; Bin[u]men þe is þet holi lond.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.Creed (Trin-C B.14.52)21 : And was..leid in burieles in þe holie sepulcre.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)98.10 : Anoureþ hym in his holy heuen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.111 : Constantinus arered þere somtyme þe chirche of þe Holy Sepulcre.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)14.1 : Lauerd..In þi hali hille or wha reste mone?
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)19.7 : He [God] sal here him fra his hali heuen.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Rwl F.32)23/132 : So that erthe for the erthe Stye vp to thi holy hille.
c
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.542 : He was gon..to sen the holy laurer quake, Er that Apollo spake out of the tree.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1497 : And of the holy serpent and the welle And of the furies, al she gan hym telle.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4996 : Behalds now..to þir haly bowis.
2b.
(a) Emanating from God, relating to God or members of the Trinity, divine; (b) ~ bok, a sacred book, a Christian writing; a book of the Bible; also, the Koran; ~ cristes bok, ~ evaungel (gospel), a Gospel, the Gospels; ~ scripture, the Bible; (c) of events or actions: experienced by Christ.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)12/16 : Forþan ðe þe bið wis þe mid weorcum swytelæð þa halȝæ Godes lare.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/9 : Þæt ȝetel is haliȝ þurh ðone Halȝæ Gast on his seofenfealde ȝyfe, ðe ure sawle onlihtæð.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)7/28 : Ne mostes þu iheren..Ne holie lore þe unker help wære.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.14 : Icc hafe wennd inntill Ennglissh Goddspelless hallȝhe lare.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6591 : He..Forrleoseþþ..Jesu Cristess hellpe & hald, & all hiss hallȝhe millce.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)13/16 : Gode..seððen mid haliȝe wordes me wissede: 'Se ðe smit, [etc.].'
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)42/399 : Þe blisse of heouene þet ure lauerd ȝeue us þurh his hali milce.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)632 : Crist..taunede his luue to man wan he ðurg holi spel him wan.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (Hrl 2277)258 : A coluere..com adoun fram heuene fleo & leide vpe þe weued a litel writ..þe pope nam þis holi writ [Ld: þe lettre]..& an englisch hit was iwrite.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1361 : For the holi milce of you, Haue merci of me, louerd.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)51 : Of hem two..ðat heli luue, ða[t] wise wil.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)54 : Hali froure welt oc ðat migt.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 1.72 : To do mercy with oure fadris and to haue mynde of his hooly testament.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)69 : What siluer shall he pay the, For Goddis haly are?
b
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)66/27 : Hit sæigð on halgen bocan, þæt, [etc.].
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)46/30 : Æfter þam..beoð þa ȝebedu & redincgæ haliȝræ bocæ to biganne.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)72/10 : He ne cuðe þaȝyt þa halȝa Cristes boc.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.255 : O þatt hallȝhe boc þatt iss Apokalypsis nemmnedd.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)91/19 : He seið on ðe holiȝe godspelle, 'Si quis diligit me, et cetera.'
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)194 : In holi boke as we can rede Hit is a ioi þat fallit to man.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.966 : As these holi bokes seie, The bodely delices..Unto the Soule don grievance.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3857 : Þis power til alle papes gaf he..Als shewes an exposicion Of þe haly godspelle in a lesson.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6452 : Holy scripture..biddith every heerde honest Have verry knowing of his beest.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)90/10 : The sarazines..kepen entirely the commandement of the holy book Alkaron, þat god sente hem be his messager Machomet.
- (1427) Proc.Privy C.3.240 : He swar on þe holy evangiles.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)383 : So God me helpe, & þe holy boke, I not wyche I may haue.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)230/4 : Hys hande leyde vppon the hoolly godspelys.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)110/8 : Ðe godspellere þas haliȝe race mid lyt worde write.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)119 : Vre drihtnes halie passiun, þet is his halie þorwunge þe he for moncunne underfeng.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)52/1466 : Þourȝ hys holy deþe, Of sennes he was leche.
2c.
Of religion, belief, the Church, laws, doctrines, sacraments, etc.: instituted by God, of divine origin; ~ moder, the Church; ~ laue, the Christian religion; also, a Moslem doctrine.
Associated quotations
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)40/19 : Six þing beoð neodbihefe to habbene þare halȝan cristenlice eawfestnesse.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)4/20 : Ðeo oðer acennednysse..wæs þæt haliȝ fulluht.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)6/24 : Þeo haliȝ moder, ðe is Godes laðung, wat ðæt ðæt cild bið synful bidupped into þam fonte.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)84/26 : Ðesne laf we æteð þonne we mid bileafan gað to haliȝe husle ure Hælendes lichame.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/7 : Nolde Crist þæt ðe halȝe ȝeleafæ þe þam monnum þurh his blod, & þurh his ðrowunge isceolde iwurðæn [read: sceolde iwurðæn] þæt he æniȝe hwile ȝeiwoned stode.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)87 : Þa deofles beoð bisencte in to helle þurh þe halie fullht.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)138/22 : Al þe deofles strengðe mealteð þurh þe grace of þet hali [Nero: holi] sacrement.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.332 : My sone in point is for to lete The holy lawes of oure Alkaron Yeuen by goddes message Makomete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.757 : Telle wher he is or thow shalt it abye, By god and by the holy sacrament.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1043-4 : The exposicioun of this holy preyere..I bitake to thise maistres of Theologie..This holy orisoun amenuseth eek venyal synne and..aperteneth specially to penitence.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2500 : Hise Apostles wente aboute The holi feith to prechen oute.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1261 : He dooth al that he kan Tespien where he myghte wedded be..And for to lyue vnder that holy bond With which that first god man and womman bond.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1702 : That to the chirche bothe be they went For to receyue the holy sacrament.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5831 : By techyng of al holy chirche, þe holy doctryne and tradiciouns, We schal dispise swiche oppiniouns Whiche of þe fende wer founde.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3690 : Þe sacrament, þat es swa haly, May noght apayred be thurgh his [priest's] foly.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6233 : Men may in seculer clothes see Florishen hooly religioun.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)90/6 : Þei..ben..straungeres fro the holy & verry beleeve.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)19/3 : I wolle not soffre hym to dispyse our holy lawe afore me.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.41/17 : To all soones of our hooly modur the church to þe which this present writyng schall come.
3a.
(a) Of places or buildings: dedicated to God's service, consecrated, hallowed; empire of ~ rome, the Holy Roman Empire; ~ erthe, consecrated ground; ~ hous, a religious house, a church, monastery, etc.; ~ place, a religious house; also, a refuge; (b) ~ chirche, a church; (c) ~ hous (place), the temple in Jerusalem; (d) ~ place (temple), a pagan temple.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)119 : Bidde we nu þe holigost þat he..gedere ure alre herte to clene þonke..and hure lichames in þis holie minstre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.801 : Espirituel thefte is sacrilege that is to seyn hurtynge of holy thynges or of thynges sacred to Crist..by reson of the holy place, as chirches or chirche hawes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1718 : Excited he the peple in his prechyng To trentals and to yeue for goddes sake Wher with men myghten holy houses make, Ther as dyuyne seruice is honoured.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2130 : Som what shal I yeue Vnto youre holy couent.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4372 : Of virgines, inly ful of grace, Ellevene þousand in þat holy place A man may fynde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.132 : They..defendeden hem by the sikernesse of holi houses (that is to seyn, fledden into seyntuarie).
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)243 : Holy, halwyd place: Asilum.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)38.649 : That Cownceyl ȝe wolden ȝeven me vnto, whethir In holy Erthe here bodyes to grave.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)188/14 : Thus have we evydence inowghe to the empyre of hole Rome.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)174/18 : Henry grauntyd þe..londe..to þe..churche of..Godestowe, to þe Abbas, brethryn, & systryn of þe seyde holy hous.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)322 : What wisdom is it to multiplie þise [chirchis & housis], & destrye hoolyere old placis?
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/26-7 : Alle þa leafulle fæderæs..sædon &..lærdon on þam haliȝe circean þæt God sceawæþ ælces monnes sawlæ.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)65/715 : Ȝeieð to godd in hali chirche þet he ȝeoue ow wit wel forte donne.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)721 : Me singþ in holi-chirche.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)58 : Selde wole me for þe messes lete singen, Oþeir in holie chireche makin hei offringe.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)932 : Men..ledde hem..In to holy kyrke So man scholde werke.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9665 : Ȝuf..eni man of is chateus to holi churche bere, [etc.].
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)312 : Eleutherie..Stablede suithe sone Godes werkes wurche Ant singe in holy chirche, Gloria in exelsis deo.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.723 : He may neither rede ne synge in holy chirche.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)7/88 : Ille menne, þe whilke are in haly kirk be body, noght be thoght.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.308 : To holi cherche..forto here masse, And sithen I wil be shryuen.
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)107 : The werre is modir of the wronges alle; It sleth the prest in holi chirche at masse.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6702 : Many a monk laboureth, That God in hooly chirche honoureth.
- c1425 WBible(2) (Qu-O 387)SSol.8.14 : Here bigynneth the book of Wisdom, which is red in holi cherche in lessouns of the masse.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)114/85 : Be þe seruys of God þai set noȝt by And..In hole cherche were euer changilyng.
c
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 6.13 : Þis man cesses noghte to speke wordes agayne holy place ande þo lawe.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)1.526 : Thyne holy house Benygne lorde, kepe frome all damage.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7594 : Polixena..was also In holi temple of Appollo.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.675 : What pereil is to don offence Of hiȝe dispit to any hooly place!
3b.
(a) Of religious festivals, seasons, days: dedicated to Christian worship, hallowed, holy: ~ dai [see hali-dai]; (b) of things, sounds: used in or originating from divine service or ceremonies, sacred; (c) of things: dedicated for use in the Hebrew temple or the tabernacle; (d) of things: used in a pagan temple.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)40/20 : Six þing beoð neodbihefe to habbene þare halȝan cristenlice eawfestnesse, & alre mest on [daȝum] þisses halȝæ læncȝtenfestenes.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)70/27 : Heo wrohton alle dæȝ on þam halȝan restandæȝ.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)87 : [F]ram þan halie hester dei boð italde fifti daȝa to þisse deie [Pentecost].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.977 : Shal the man telle..wheither he hath..doon his synne in holy tymes.
- a1400 Cursor (Vsp A.3)986/83* : Þe thrid day after soyne, Hald we hely pasche day.
- a1450(1410) This holy tyme make (Dgb 102)1 : This holy tyme make ȝow clene.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)595 : When bernes ben full & holly tyme passed, Þanne comen cursed freres.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)7/26 : Ne mostes þu iheren þeo holie dræmes, Þeo bellen rungen, [þet un]ker becnunge wæs.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)10/40 : Bihinden ond biuoren feire þu were imerked, Heie on þine heafde [mid þ]en holie ele.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)26/10 : Ich habbe isehen hali & halwende eoli as hit lihte to me.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)163/22 : Ich..spec þus oðer pleide..neh hali [Nero: holi] þing.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)7/184 : Holi þynges, As hali water and haly bred, Liȝt and belryngynges.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1051 : Help me þat y were baptist in þe holy fanston.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.803 : Sacrilege is to reuen holy thyng fro holy place or vnholy thyng out of holy place or holy thyng out of vnholy place.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/a : Þe þridde priuelege stondiþ in halewinge in holy oyle and crisme.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)644/15 : That the seyd churche haue oyle, creyme or crisme, and holy oyle.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.40.13 : Þou schalt..hem [Aaron & his sons]..cloþe with holy cloþes þat þey mynistre to me.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.9.3 : Forsoth aftir the veil, or hydyng, the secunde tabernacle, that is seid sancta sanctorum, that is, hooly of hooli thingis.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.115 : Antiochus..takeþ away þe holy vessel.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1799 : Þe freke..defowled hade Þe ornementes of Goddez hous þat holy were maked.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3822 : Þei [the Trojans] token..Reliques sacrid, þe holy eke vessels.
4a.
(a) Of angels, martyrs, prophets, saints in heaven, etc.: blessed, beatified; -- also used of their bodies and souls; ~ moder, the Virgin Mary; (b) of persons or their hearts: pious, holy, sinless; ~ blod, the relatives of a holy man; ~ liver, a celibate; (c) of persons, kindred, a school: noble, worthy; (d) in titles: ~ fader, the pope, an archbishop; ~ apostoile, most ~ fader, ~ pope, the pope.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1119 : Æfter him feng Carl..to þam rice, se wæs Cnutes sunu, þæs haligan cynges of Denmarcan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/18 : Moniȝe ilyfæþ..on Crist..þurh his halȝum apostlæs, þe þæs Hælendes æ ofer lond seowon.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)12/26 : Þu..me sendest bodian to ierusalem þurh þinne halȝan engel hwæt ðeo wilnunge beon scolde þe ic æt moyse wilniæn sceolde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.160 : Goddspell..wass Þurrh hallȝhe Goddspellwrihhtess All wrohht & writenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16801 : Alls iff he wære cumenn forþ Summ haliȝ patriarrke All full off hefennlike mahht.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)133 : God sende þe holi engel gabriel to þe lif holie prest zacharie.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)161 : Alse þis edie maiden seinte marie of hire holie licame shedeð þat soðe liht.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)33/32 : Swa hie dede alle ðo halie martirs.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)30/19 : Hwer edbrec ha [the heart] ut from davið þe hali king, godes prophete?
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)158/20 : Oþre pilegrimes goð mid swinke uorte sechen one holie monnes [Corp-C: sontes] bones, ase sein iames oðer sein giles.
- c1300 SLeg.11000 Virg.(LdMisc 108)171 : Þe Abbot bad þat he moste habbe þis holie bodi.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)517 : Metodius, ali martyr, Adde in his herte sighe sir.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)2/19 : This maner of knawying..shuld we have had..Noght so mikell als hali saules has now in heven, Bot mikel mare than man has now in erthe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 9.26 : He schal come in his mageste, and of the fadir and of the hooly aungels.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.635 : Of sweryng seith the holy Ieremye, 'Thow shalt swere sooth thyne othes.'
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)14b/b : Among þese holy ordres [of angels], somme beþ þe firste & somme þe middel & somme þe laste & lowest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17070 : All men was in dute and wer bot þou, leue hali mai!
- c1400 St.Alex.(2) (Trin-O 57)608 : To cherche come ȝonge & olde, þat holy cors to by-holde.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)977 : Þe gastly world..Es heven, whar God syttes in trinite, And..angels And haly spirytes.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)5040 : Wyth me to talke It lykyd my lady..Of dyuers legendys..Of hooly wummen..As of seynt Anne.
- c1450 Surge mea (Lamb 853)34 : Veni..Holi moder & maiden queene, On sege to sitte semeli bi him an hiȝ, Þi sone.
- a1500 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)23/755 : By the aucthorite of the ffather and of the son and of the holy goost..& of all the holy hallowen of heuen.
- a1500 Ihesus for thi holy name (BodPoet e.1)p.213 : The holy apostoles of Cryst..Bryng vs to that heuenly blysse.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)16/6 : Sum haliȝ biscop wæs ihaten Gregorius.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)18/1 : Þurh ænne haliȝe munuc, þe hatte Publius.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.39 : Þu shallt tæronne findenn Off þatt tatt Cristess hallȝhe þed Birrþ trowwenn wel & follȝhenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10130 : An hali mon þer wes, pope Elæudarius wes ihaten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11148 : Þer wes Elene þe halie [Otho: holie] quene.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)5/34 : Sume..hem seluen healdeð for hali.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)83/27 : Sein iuhan..fleh his hali [Nero: holi] cun icoren of ure lauerd.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)353 : Þou woldest beo holiore þane ani man.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1650 : Þe pope..tweie holi [vr. holiȝe] men him sende..is soule vor to amende.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)56/1574 : By-tuixe god and holy folk, Loue hys wel trye and ryche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)54/36 : Þe wyseste and þe holyist man byeþ oþerhuyl becaȝt.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Tit.1.8 : It bihoueth a bischop for to be..sobre, iust, hooly, [etc.].
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.515 : Thogh he hooly were and vertuous, He was noght to synful men despitous.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3985 : He wolde his holy blood honoure Thogh that he holy chirche sholde deuoure.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4309 : Litel tale hath he told Of any dreem, so holy [vr. hole] was his herte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10618 : Þar was na mai of nan oxspring Halier, noþer ald na ying.
- c1400 SLeg.Geo.(2) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1 : Saynt george þe gude knyght, a hayly man was he.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5877 : Þe snake..whilom sawe þe holy monke Brandan.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Martin AM (Cmb Gg.5.31)p.73 : The halyar [vr. holyore] that a man es, The mar lufes he meknes.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6481 : As thyn abit shewith wel, Thou semest an hooly heremyte.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)13a/a : Celebs: an holi liuere.
- c1440(a1349) Rolle Bee (Thrn)56/53 : Þay hafe undirstandynge, and fastes and wakes and semes haly to mens syghte.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)358/82 : My suete moderis preyere on to me doth assende here holy herte..is only on me.
- c1475 Remembryd by scriptures (Hrl 2251)8 : There was a man, right hooly and devoute.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)11/14 : He..made an holy man to crysten hym.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)4/20 : Ðu halgusta casere..þis wyldeor wel fremeð ȝif [þu]..his flæsc ȝesoden etest & þiȝest.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2761 : Of ali kind he wiste him [Moses] boren.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1137 : This precious pyment [of philosophy]..Aboue all licours it doth so ferre excell, Whos origynal sprang in the hooli scoolis of Athenys.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)1/6 : That kyng had to his wyf the kynges doghtre of Aragon, a full holy womman.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)367 : He was a wel begeten man, And comyn of holy kynde.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29614 : Þa wolde he..menen to Gregorie þan holi appostolie [Otho: holye pope].
- a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)115 : Thar me bi-fore hy-lomp þe reue quene on heuene marie and nedede me to scrifte go to þan holiapopa leon and be his lore do.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.229 : What good doiþ þis gabbing, þat þe pope wole be clepid 'moost hooly fadir'.
- c1450 Yk.BPrayer(2) (Yk-M 16.M.4)68 : We sall pray..for our haly fader, þe archbyschop of þis See.
- (1461) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29p.245 : I, be ye Auctoryte of our holy fadre ye pope..inhibite, [etc.].
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.100 : Men sais whare the haly fadere is, thare forto be the courte of Rome.
4b.
(a) Of a relic, a pardon: blessed; (b) of life, speech, an action, faith, love, a virtue, knowledge, etc.: pious, holy; ~ name, a reputation for piety; (c) of monastic life, clerical status: devoted to piety; (d) of things, places, efficacy: noble, excellent.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.5 : Odo..brouȝte wiþ hym to Caunturbury þe holy axes of seint Wilfrede þe bisshop.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.906 : Myn holy pardoun may yow alle warice.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5637 : Minerua..I-graunted hath..Þis holy relik.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)309 : I make myn avowe verreilly to Cryste And to þe haly vernacle.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/28 : Ðær fæsten..amyldæþ [read: amydlæþ] ða lahtræs..awæcð þa halȝan mæȝnu.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)106/22 : Tilie he þenne þæt he hure þis fæsten selost feste..on halȝe bedum & wæccum & on ælce þære gode.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)10/45 : Þu me scoldest holden þuruh holie lufe Cristes.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10925 : Att te funnt biginneþþ all Þatt hallȝhe rihhtwisnesse.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)91/12 : Þat bieð ðo seuen hali mihtes ðe we hier teforen habbeð ȝespeken.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)70/304 : Ȝif us, lauerd, þet ilke ȝifte þet we hes [our sins] ibeten þurh halie scrifte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)74/28 : Recluses..ahen to beon of se hali lif.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)494 : Enos..gan ali wune Of bedes and of godefrightihed.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2439 : In clene ending and ali lif, So he for-let ðis werldes strif.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)40/1122 : Seynt iame seyþe þat orysoun Of þer holy by-leue Of hijs siknesse helþe wynþe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.3.2 : Be thei wonnen with outen word, biholdinge in drede ȝoure holy [L castam] conuersacioun.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)814 : Þe Middel Bayle..Bitokneþ hire holy chastite.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1156 : In vertu and holy almes dede They lyuen alle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.876 : The lymytour..seith his matyns and his holy thynges As he gooth in his lymytacioun.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1602 : He..hatz hevened þy fader Of mony anger ful ofte wyth his holy speche.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1625 : Þou hatz in þy hert holy connyng, Of sapyence þi sawle ful.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3527 : Vnder colour of holy pilgrymage, To þe temple [of Venus] sche takeþ hir viage.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201:Wright)348/18 : Þys þre byssopes..nom hem þus to rede Þat hii myȝte in her owe lond holyor lyf lede.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)67/37 : Holeer þyng may no mon here..To lerne men of lore, To teche men in what wyse How þay schal say here seruyse In chorche.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)196 : Prestis..ben more holden for to..ȝeue ensaumple of holi lif to þe puple.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)152/11 : Þe good frere..had an holy name & gret fauowr of þe pepyl.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)prol.148 : Hir holy lyf he knew, hir conuersacyon, Alle hir holy customes.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)54 : It is moost profounde phillosophie, the subtill sciens of holly Alchymie.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)16/10 : Þe ylcæ Gregorius wolde Gode aræren haliȝ mynsterlif ihende anre sæ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.893 : Holy ordre is chief of al the tresor of god.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/25 : Alle be cald til cunsaile, yung and alde, in hali religiun.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)3/62 : Ȝe curatis..ȝe were choson to chastyte, To kepe ȝour holy order and ȝour degre In parfyt loue and charite.
d
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)75.20/1 : Þeos wyrt..heo deah ȝehwæðer ȝe þas mannes sawle ȝi his lichaman; heo hyne scyldeð wið unhyrum nihtgengum & wyð eȝeslice ȝesihþum & swefenum; & seo wyrt his swyðe haliȝu.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)16/6 : Yfele cwæde ðu þæt ðu þa halȝæn mæȝne to ȝyrdon næmdest.
- a1325 Ure fader in heuene (Hrl 3724)7 : Þat holi bred..þu send hit ous þis ilke day.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.7 : This Britayne is acounted an holy [vr. noble] lond.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1261 : Benigne Love, thow holy [vr. holly] bond of thynges.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)287 : My ladyes..Now shulde your holy teres falle and reyne.
5a.
In combs.: (a) ~ bon, the sacrum; ~ burgh (cite), Jerusalem; ~ cake (lof) = holi bred, q.v.; ~ eve(n, the day or evening before a festival or holy day; ~ fir, a disease [see fir n. 11.]; ~ lond, Palestine; (b) ~ mondai, ?Hock Monday, the second Monday after Easter; ~ night, the night before a feast day; ~ rift (raft, ref), a nun's veil [OE hālig-rift]; ~ tide, a holy season.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)100/21 : Ða nam þe deofel þene Hælend on þære halȝan buriȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)8 : Gilebert him bi-þouȝte þe Croiz for-to fo In-to þe holie lond, his penaunce þe bet to do.
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)36 : Þat þou þe counsail woldest fonde to latte þe wille of kyng edward to wende to þe holy londe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10881 : Sir Richard..wende al so At missomer to þe holi lond.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.4.5 : The deuyl toke hym in to an hooly citee and sette hym on the pynacle of the temple.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.22 : We shul preyen..for ye holy londe and ye holy crosse, yat godd for his myght and his mercy bryng it oute of hethen power.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.905 : Mars..hath his aspect Upon the holi lond so cast, That there is no pes stedefast.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2102 : Asie..es þe best, for þar in es Bath haly land and hethyennes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.86 : Þauh he worche Haly day oþer holy eue hus mete to deserue.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)1/2 : The holy lond þat men callen the lond of promyssioun or of beheste..is the most worthi lond.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)15b/a : In þe bak beþ 4 grete partes..þe nekke, þe spawdes, þe lendes and..þe holy bone [*Ch.(1): os sacrum].
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)67/16 : Þei went forth in-to þe Holy Lond.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1457 : Als hastily as þai herd of in þe haly cite, And bodword to þe bischop broȝt of his come.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)370 : Þe peple of israel..losten þe holy londe for euer.
- (1457) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1023 : Ite, ffor ye scowte of ye haley loffe, tomayster pet'na'ye ferst day.
- (1462) Doc.in HBS 2558 : The sayd dekyn schall se the woly cake euery sonday be kyte a-quordyng for euery manes degre.
- (1462) Doc.in HBS 2560 : The sayd dekyn schall euery setterday and woly evyn be at churche.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)144 : The Kyng..purposed to go to the Holy Lond.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)649/1 : Save the candel that is browht forthe with the holy love in the sonneday to the auter.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)513 : Sche fond many schyppys stonde, And oon was of þe holy lond, Pylegrimys to lede.
- a1525(?1475) Cov.Leet Bk.417 : The[y] that to giffe the halycake gyf no Smalle Cakes.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/24 : Men, we sculon..fæsten lufiȝen, & hureþingæ on þas halȝæn tid.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)119 : We sculen hine..mid alle ure mode herian and swiþest on þissere halie tide.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)3 : To dai is cumen ðe holie tid þat me cleped aduent.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28475 : Me hire hafd bi-wefde mid ane hali rifte and heo wes þer munechene.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)111/4,16 : Sancte Benedihit..wesecceð mantel toȝeanes þære cule, and haliȝraft..habben hiȝ eac haliref.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15/23 : Efter euensong anan ower placebo euche niht seggeð..bute hit beo hali niht [Nero: holiniht] for feaste of nihe lesceuns þe cume ine marhen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27210 : Þis word 'quen' þan will vs tell, in quatkin time in plight he fell, in halitide or fastim dai.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27994 : If þou man nedd þe euer þar-till At force womman agayn hir will, On fastin dai or hali night..It es to tell for dedli sin.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Rwl.(Rwl B.355)113 : Ante diem lune vocatum holimonday fuit magnum scisma inter causidicos et londonienses.
5b.
In plant names: ~ malwe, ?vervain mallow (Malva alcea); ~ rop, wild hemp (Eupatorium cannabinum).
Associated quotations
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)87a : Canabaria. Wylde hempe ys an erbe þat som men callyth holy rope oþer donnetyll; his levys ben like hempe levis.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)144/14 : Canabarya is an herbe þat men clepe wylde hemp or holyrop or doumnetele.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)114/9 : Take þe holimalue, gronswel, sinchon, [etc.].
5c.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.216, 224-5].
Associated quotations
- (1175-90) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)72 : Halitreholm.
- (1201) Fine R.King John156 : Johannes de Haliac.
- (1212) Bk.of Fees110 : Rogerus Haliman.
- (1240) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.116 : Halistane.
- (1291) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)179 : Haliwyk.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16123 : Henr. Holipot.
- (1300) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames104 : Pet. de la Holyok.
- (1309) Deed Yks.in YASRS 6589 : Helywelle.
- (1323) EPNSoc.32 (West Riding Yks.)80 : Heliwell.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3103 : Richardus Holifader.
- (1333) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames104 : Baldewyn. atte Holiwill'.
- (1343-4) in Wallenberg PNKent272 : Halywelle.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1300 Add.15236 Gloss.(1) (Add 15236)111/93 : Febrifuga: gallice, feutherefoy; anglice, holywort.
Note: Add. cpd. for 5b.
Note: DMLBS febrifuga: feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5a.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. holy bone.