Middle English Dictionary Entry

his pron.(1)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. he pron.(1), hit pron.
1.
Referring to a male human antecedent: his, of him: (a) modifying a noun which denotes something owned or something in one's charge or keeping; (b) modifying a noun denoting a part; ~ arm, ~ soule, ~ persoune, etc.; (c) modifying a noun denoting a condition, quality, or attribute; ~ age, ~ nede, ~ godnesse; etc.; (d) modifying a noun which denotes something related to the antecedent or pertaining to it in some way; ~ name, ~ daies, etc.
2.
Referring to a male human antecedent: his, of him: (a) modifying a noun denoting someone ruled or governed; ~ servaunt, ~ man, etc.; (b) modifying a noun denoting someone who rules or controls; ~ lord, etc.; (c) modifying a noun denoting someone related by blood or marriage; ~ fader, ~ wif, etc.; (d) modifying a noun denoting someone related through place, time, friendship, enmity, etc.; ~ neighebor, ~ foregengel, ~ frend, ~ fo, etc.
3.
Referring to a male human antecedent: his, of him: (a) modifying a noun denoting something made, produced, or originated; ~ werk, ~ laue, ~ bok, etc.; (b) modifying a noun or gerund denoting action(s performed by the referent of his; -- subjective genitive; (c) modifying a noun or ger. denoting an action directed at the referent of his; -- objective genitive.
4.
Referring to a male human antecedent; of him, his: (a) governed by a noun or adjective; for ~ sake, ~ ilike, etc.; (b) in adv. phrases; ~ thankes, ~ unthankes; ~ live, while he was alive; ~ on, by himself, alone.
5.
(a) Referring to a male animal or to an animal conventionally regarded as male: his, of him; (b) referring to a thing, an action, abstraction, etc.: its; -- in early usage, usually with a grammatically masc. or neut. antecedent; (c) referring to a woman: her; -- antecedent grammatically masc. in OE; (d) referring to a plural antecedent:?their; (e) referring to a cpd. antecedent:?their.
6.
As a substitute for the singular genitive ending -es: (a) with male referent; Modred ~ hed, Modred his head, Modred's head; Abraham ~ brother, Abraham's brother; Sathanus ~ werkes, Satan's deeds; etc.; (b) with a thing as referent; -- also used after -es; (c) with female referent; (d) with a double referent.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)23 : Heil soiourne þat Godus sone to sent: Þow preye for vs þi sone so fre.
  • Note: New spelling
  • c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)122/2597 : After Iosian is cristing, Beues dede a gret fiȝting.
  • Note: If is=his, then this is the earliest citation in 6.(c), but it may just = Iosianis, Iosianes--per REL.