Middle English Dictionary Entry
hīred n.
Entry Info
Forms | hīred n. Also hird, hirod, hiret, hirt, hirð & hered, herd, heored, hert & (early dat.) hireden. |
Etymology | OE; cp. WS hīred, Merc. hēored, Nhb. hīorod. For forms in -en, cp. OE hīw-rǣden. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A household; the familia of a cathedral; an eccl. court [last quot.]; the heavenly retinue of the Virgin Mary, the Devil's retinue; fig. the senses and desires of man; hiredes alder (lord), the head of a household, master; (b) someone's descendants, clan, tribe, race; (c) Christ's disciples; also, Christians coll.
Associated quotations
a
- (1155) Chart.Hen.II in Hall EME (Hrl Charter 3.B.49)11 : Ealle mine þeinas, frencisce & englisce, on þan sciran þe teobalt ercebisceop & se hiret æt xpistes chyrchen on Cantuarabirȝ habbad land inne.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)538/43 : Paterfamilias: hiredes loverd.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)15/16 : Heo byð ȝewitnod..ȝif þes hiredes ealdor [L paterfamilias]..to litle note..onȝyte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)81,83 : Ha heold hire aldrene hird wisliche & warliche i þe heritage & i þe herd.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)10/13 : Þe schal wel iwurden biuoren þe heste of min hirt.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)6/48 : Þe þridde suster, þet is meað, hire he makeð meistre ouer his willesfulle hirð [vrr. hird, hinen].
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)93/29 : Heo libbeð to þe ueonde & beoð alle ine his hirde [Cai: in is hird] & serueð him ine his kurt.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)51 : Al þin hird is i-schrud mid hwite ciclatune.
- a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)120 : Þis her is to wittnesse..and adþelwold abbot and þat hyred of examcestre and þat hired of cridihamtone.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1001 : And of is hird, euerilc wapman wurð circumcis.
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)56 : Þer stont vp a ȝeolumon, ȝeȝeþ wiþ a ȝerde, ant hat out an heh þat al þe hyrt herde.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)512 : Þær wærenn fowwre & twenntiȝ menn Þatt wærenn hæfedd prestess, & off illc an..Comm an god flocc of prestess..strenedd þurrh himm, & wass hiss hird ȝehatenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)518 : Þat wærenn hæfedd prestess off Þa fowwre & twenntiȝ hirdess.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)117 : Ic þe ȝef to scawere mine folke israeles hirede [L Speculatorem dedi te domui israel].
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1766 : Þatt he forrȝife Cristess hird..& hellpe þeȝȝm..To winnenn eche blisse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19457 : Godess Gast off heffne comm I firess onnlicnesse Uppo þe Laferrd Cristess hird.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)89 : On þisse deie com þe halie gast on fures heowe to godes hirede..Ðat halie hired cristes apostles weren wuniende..on heore ibeoden.
2.
(a) The household of a king; (b) a royal court; esp. as a council and a court of law; holden ~, to hold (one's) court (in a certain place); (c) the courtiers coll., the chief nobles of the kingdom; ?also, an individual courtier [quot.: c1450].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)22/27 : He þa sylf ilyfde, & all his hired.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/16 : Nu ilyfde þes kyng on Crist, mid his hirede.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/12 : He [Daniel] was on kynges hyrde lange ifedd and ȝefostred.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)5/24 : Wes i þon time..þe modi Maximien keiser i-rome, heriende & heiende heaðene maumez wið unimeað muchel hird & wið heh duheðe.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : On þison geare se cyng Willelm heold his hired to Cristes mæssa on Gleawe-ceastre, and to Eastron on Winceastre, And to Pentecosten on Westmynstre.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Ðis gear heald se kyng Heanri his hird æt Cristes mæsse on Windlesoure.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2353 : He nom his enne hired mon..& hehte hine swiðe stille steolen vt of hirede [Otho: vt of halle].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8219 : Ȝif her is æni cniht þe of Eueline axeð riht, come to mine herede, & þer he hit scal habben.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8452 : He..hehte me bringe to him mine mæi Euelin..to þolien his hirdes dom.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22934 : To ane heȝe dæie þat hired [Otho: þat folk] wes isomned.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4342 : Hercne þine herdes [Otho: þine menne] ræd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23314 : He send to þan hæxten of Arðures hireden and bad heom arndien him.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)24833 : Þer wes Ardures hird [Otho: Arthur his men] hehliche awraððed.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25244 : Þa Arður iherd hafde his hired [Otho: his cnihtes] iberen.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.5 : Thay scryken in the scoes. That herdus [Dc: haþeles] myȝten hom here.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.6 : Alle the herdus [Dc: Haþelese] myȝtun here, the hyndest of alle.
3.
(a) An army; also fig.; comen to ~, to assemble as an army; kepen ~, hold (one's) position in a military formation; (b) englene ~, the host of the angels; halwen ~, the company of the saints; hevenli ~, ~ of heven, heavenly host; (c) a company of people, crowd; in eche ~, in every company, everywhere; in ~, in the crowd, in public, publicly, openly; in ~ is not to hiden, it is no secret, it is well-known; in ~ nas nought to helen, it was no secret.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10280 : In his herede he makede grið.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19443 : Alle ful sone to hirede heo comen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)20314 : Mid his harpe he ferde to þas kinges hirede [Otho: ferde].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25416 : And raðe a-ȝæin comen cnihtes to hireden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26152 : Þa lette þe king blauwen bemen an hireden & wenden of Brutaine.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)867 : Ðat hird he folgel [read: folged] als to ðan, On heued-welle of flum iordan.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3222 : Quan he segen ðis hird al cumen, Sore he gunen for-dredde ben.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1120 : He..dede him on gate holly wiþ his herde.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4917 : And Charlys wyþ þe hore berde An hundred þousant hadde on herde.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)63.2 : Þou forhiled me fra herd [vr. ferd; L conuentu] of liþerand..For als swerd þair tunges scharped þai; Þai bent bow..Þat þai schote..vnwemmed of herte.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)3440 : Bee not aferde, Let eche of vs kepe his herde, And we woll mete theim with spere and shelde.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/12,14 : He wyle mucel habbæn..of al moncynne..to his heofenlice hirede mid his halȝen englum..þæt he mucel hirod habbe on his rice.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)67/739 : Vnder-ueng me to þe..i þet englene hird wið meidenes imeane.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2413 : Ha beo iset..i þet heouenliche hird [vr. hirt].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2426 : & tet hird of heouene cumeð her aȝein þe.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)34/12 : Ha..henlunges makieð ham wið al þet heouenliche hird [Roy: hirð].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)50/25 : Ȝe schulen..iseon ure leafdi wið hire meidnes, al þe englene weoret, al þe halhene hird [Tit: halehenes hird; Cleo: haleȝene hirde; Nero: heouenliche hird].
c
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)2 : Ne mai no lewed lued libben in londe, be he neuer in hyrt so hauer of honde.
- a1350 In a fryht (Hrl 2253)34 : Þenne mihti hengren..in vch an hyrd ben hated.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)54 : Euer wymmen ich herie ay, ant euer in hyrd wiþ hem iche holde.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)67 : In vch an hyrd þyn aþel ys hyht.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)166 : In hird nas nouȝt to hele Þat morgan telles in toun.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3034 : Dame, þou hast wrong..As oule and stormes strong, So criestow on heye In herd.
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)189 : Sexti þousand were layd to grounde, In herd is nouȝt to hide.
- a1350 St.Alex.(1) (LdMisc 108)41/182 : He bi-gan Syttynde in a churche-ȝerd Amonges oþere men an herd.
- a1450 ?Audelay The pater noster (Dc 302)14 : Fore vche a herd þat is here mai hold fore hyse Þe Lord þat harouyd hel.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)196 : Ye haue lefft hym bot whone, In herde [Thrn: hert] is nat to hyde.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)1104 : Folke frouschen in fere, In herd [Thrn: hert] ys not to hyde.
4.
(a) In cpds.: ~ child, ~ knave, a young servant, ?a page; ~ clerk, court chaplain; ~ folk, household; ~ gome, ~ knight [OE hīred-cniht, domestic servant], a retainer, courtier, knight of the king's household; ~ ifere, household companion, ?courtier; ~ pleie, courtly amusements; ~ swein, a domestic servant; (b) ?in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.247].
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Gifard wæs þes kinges hird clerc.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5662-4 : Nauede Belin nan cnihte þet he næs þere god kimppe, ne neauere nenne herdswein þat he ne fahte alse þein, ne næuer nænne hird-cnaue þat he nas wod on his laȝe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6463 : Þa hahte he al his hird-folc faren to are burȝe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6631 : Heo him þene king tahten, þer he hundede on comelan wið his hird-iferen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9856 : Al þa hered-cnihtes heolden mid þere quene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12289 : Auerælcne hired-gume feire heo igrætten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14481 : Þenne mihte þu mid winne þi lif al uor-werien, Mid haueken & mid hunden hired-plæie luuien.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16553 : Nu ich hine ȝiue þe..þet þine hired-childeren pleien mid þissen hunde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)20967 : Alle þa heorede-cnauen mid clibben heo a-qualden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23015 : Suggen and singen of Arðure þan ginge and of his hired-cnihten.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)19164 : Islawe was..þe gode eorl Gorloys, and alle his hired-gomes.
- c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 45256 : And I graunte to myn heryd knyȝtys [OE hired cnihtum; L militibus stipendiarius] fyfe pund to be delyd betwexe hem.