Middle English Dictionary Entry
hil(le n.
Entry Info
Forms | hil(le n. Also hul(le, hel(le & (in place names) il, ul, el. Pl. hilles, etc. & hullen, hellen. |
Etymology | OE hyl |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A natural elevation, hill, mountain; (b) in names of hills or mountains well known to literature; (c) hilles and dales (denes, valeies), hills and valleys; ~ and vale, dale and ~, doun and ~, etc.; bi dale and ~, bi dales (dounes, tounes) and hilles, bi hilles and bi plaines, in heldes and in ~, yond hilles and yond heldes, etc., in valley and hill, etc., everywhere; bi ~ ne bi vale, on ~ ne in valeie, anywhere; over dale(s and hille(s, over ~ and plain (dale, heth, holtes), over hilles and dales, over valeies (baches, bankes) and hilles, over valley and hill, etc., without stopping for anything; ne sparen ~ ne valeie, to stop for nothing; (d) in proverbs and sayings.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9205 : Illc an lawe & illc an hill Shall niþþredd beon & laȝhedd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5648 : Belin wes bi hullen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21283 : Arður isæh Colgrim climben to munten, buȝen to þan hulle.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)100/25 : Up oþe hulles [Recl.: hilles; L montes], ha clumben efter us.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)2 : Ðe leun stant on hille.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)19 : Þer nas in þis world hul non so heiȝ Þat tis vnirude flod muchel ne ouersteiȝ.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)29571 : Seint Austyn..com to one hille [Clg: munte].
- ?c1335 Þe grace of ihu (Hrl 913)86 : Þes montis and þes hille -- Al for soþ hit wurþ ibroȝt Þes depe dalis forto fille.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11525 : Hii ssolde him finde vpe þulke hul heie.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3459 : To þe pas of þe hulles þai ben ycome.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)60/35 : Ecko, þet is þe rearde þet ine þe heȝe helles comþ ayen and acordeþ to al þet me him zayþ.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3241 : And on his bak ycaried hem hath he, Hye on an hill wher as men myghte hem se.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.14.40 : Þei styȝedyn opp þe coop of þe hul [vr. hil].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.399 : There beeþ ryuers and welles, Valeies and also helles; Valeys bryngeþ forþ food, And hilles metal riȝt good.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.424 : Perseus..Beyende Athlans, The hihe hell [rime: fell], These Monstres soghte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1573 : Vndur an hull a Cave he fond.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.45 : Appenyn, the hilles hye That been the boundes of Westlumbardye.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)1837 : Þe heȝest hille [vr. montayn] þat was owhore, þe flood ouer passed seuen ellen & more.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2081 : Vch hille hade a hatte, a mysthakel huge.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5082 : And þe yis gan stoundemele distille Doun fro þe hil þe brokis for to fille.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.950 : Next the valeye is the hil o-lofte.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1153 : Upon an hell well hiȝe, Libeaus þer þey siȝe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)239 : Hylle: Mons, collis, libanus.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)153/3 : Þis herbe growyȝt in medewys and on hillis.
- ?c1450 *Horse(1) (Dc 291)136a : Every hors that ys foilyd in the mountayns or in stony londe ys better þan tho that be foylyd in marsh contrey, for they be redyere to goo both vp the hyll & down and sykerer of foote.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.67.45b : And if I haue so gret feyþ þat y mai turne hilles and beren hem awey, and I haue no charite, ȝit an [read: am] y nouȝt.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)113.4 : Howis gladid as wedirs, and hillis as lambis of shepe.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)129 : Moyses..ȝef þan folke drinken uppan þan hulle synai.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)24 : He seide me..to burie þe rode op-on Caluarie hulle.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)242 : Þe ȝeordene he sette er Onder þe hulle of Tabor.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)300 : An angel..bar hit to þe hul of Synay.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)391 : Iesus sat vp þe hul of Olyuet.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)5/3 : God yaf ten hestes..þet Moyses onderuing ine þe helle of Synay.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 14.26 : Thei wenten out in to the hil of Olyues.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.63 : By þe see þat is i-cleped Caspius beeþ hulles þat beeþ i-cleped þe hilles of Caspi [L montes Caspii].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.423 : There beeþ hilles..hiȝte Eryry in Walische, Snowy hilles on Englische.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.49 : Fourty þowsand of Galles passede þe hilles Alpes.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.5 : Bote in a Mayes Morwnynge on Maluerne hulles [vrr. hilles, hellys], Me bi-fel a ferly.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)447 : Hit rest..On þe mounte of Mararach of Armene hilles.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)789 : Sant John hem syȝ..On þe hyl of Syon.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.110 : Thenne mette me moche more..Of þe mater þat ich mete fyrst on maluerne hulles.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1810 : Yee sustren nyne ek, that by Elicone In hil Pernaso listen for tabide.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)71/10 : Þere besyde is the hill of Garasoun.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)137a : Ihesus..seytte in þe myddul of ham on þe hul and mont of olyuet.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5191 : Weoren þa hulles and þa dæles iwriȝen mid þat dæden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12867 : Forð gengden þa quenen ȝeond wudes & ȝend feldes, ȝeond hulles & ȝeond heldes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27354 : Rom-leoden..iseȝen alle þa dales alle þa dunes alle þa hulles mid helmes biþahte.
- a1300 Hit bilimpeð (Corp-O 59)22 : In eorþe beo þin wille, holi drichte, swete and dreȝ, in heldes and in hulle.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)13/208 : Horn, þu go wel schulle Bi dales and bi hulle [vr. hulles].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)587 : Fiftene elne it ouer-flet Ouer ilk dune and ouer ilc hil.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)79 : Þis proude freinsshe eorles, huere knyhtes, & huere sweynes aquelleden ant slowen by hulles & by pleynes al for huere kynges sake.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)59/24 : Ich wille maki þe helles and þe danes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2432 : Þei..deden hem deliuerly ouer dales and helles.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3819 : Rychard hym prykeþ on ys way; Ne spareþ he hulle ne valay, Bot al-way ryȝd prikyng.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3856 : To renne on C myle on my fete, Ne schal noman y-se me swete, On hulle ne in vaLay.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3997 : Forþ þanne rideþ Richardoun..Prykynge ouer hulle & pleyn.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.43 : Þey schulde..discreue londe and water..valeies and pleynes, downes and hulles.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.4 : Now riden þis folk..bustelyng forþ as bestes ouer valeyes and hulles [vr. hulles & dales; B: bankes and hilles; C: baches and hulles].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.2027 : Sire Thopas with sydes smale, Prikyng ouer hill and dale, Is come agayn to towne.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.173 : Alle shuln deiȝe for his dedis be dounes [vr. townis; B: dales] & hilles [vrr. hulles, hellyn].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2271 : Gawayn..Þat neuer arȝed for no here by hylle ne be vale.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2374 : So went þai furth ouer hyll & heth.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3341 : Whan þat Flora with hir hewes gay Hath euery playn, medwe, hil, & vale With hir flouris..Over-sprad.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4796 : For hilles and valeis sal turned be In-til playn.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)902 : Ouer hyll & holtys ȝe ȝou hyȝe.
- a1475 As I stod in (Brog 2.1)p.65 : When all stondyt evyn, both dale and hyle.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)46/107 : With ȝow to walk ovyr dale and hill.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)150/128 : We xull telle be dale and hylle How harwere of helle was born þys nyght.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)134 : Then the sonne callid his sustir mercy..and Ronne to-gedir ouer hillis and dalis til..thei come to the castell.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (Hrl 2277)126 : Euere heo lai stille as an hul.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)57 : He vs honteþe ase hound hare doþ on hulle.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5985 : Þet lond oueral hii gonne fulle, As þikke as ameten crepeþ in an amete hulle.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)5/16 : Fart vpon hillez, and thou shalt fart whar thou wolde noȝt agayn thi willez.
2.
(a) A man-made hill or mound; a heap, pile; an ant hill; ampte ~, dong ~, muk ~, q.v.; (b) a small raised area on the palm of the hand or on the forehead.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19815 : Cnihtes..mid eorðe & mid stanen stepne hul makeden.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)892 : Alle made he hem dun falle Þat in his gate yeden and stode..He shof hem alle upon an hyl.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1777 : Make we it her an hil of ston.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)287a/b : Emptes..lyueþ in company and makeþ hepes & hulles in þe whiche þey wonyen.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23221 : If a hille of fire ware made.
- a1400 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Paris n.a. lat.699)474 : Mounceus [glossed:] hilles [vr. hepes].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)28b/b : Formicarium: a maner hul.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)243 : Dame Pacience syttynge there I fond..upon a hil of sond.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)302 : And in a launde, upon an hil of floures, Was set this noble goddesse Nature.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)288 : Thei slough so many..that ther was hilles of dede men and horse hem beforn.
b
- a1440 Palmistry (1) (Dgb Roll 4)14 : A lyne in the hyll of the shewer..toknyth a personne to dyen in strange region fer fro his own nacyon.
- a1440 Palmistry (1) (Dgb Roll 4)16 : Yf vpon the hyll of the mydffyngur be fownde serten lynes.
- a1440 Palmistry (1) (Dgb Roll 4)20 : Yf in the hyll of the hand..be fownd such a figure.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)84/24 : The fyrste lyne..gothe aboute the hylle of the thombe.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)86/15 : Tho partys of the hande the qwyche ben betwene the tabyl lyne and the fyngyrrys be clepyd the hyll off the fyngyrrys.
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)123/13 : Thei that haue forheddys with hyllys and walys be dysposyd to be dysceyuabyl and hasty.
3.
Fig. An exalted place or condition; heven ~; an exalted person; something difficult to attain; ~ of cens, hill of incense, place of delight.
Associated quotations
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)351 : Þos goð uneaðe aȝien þe cliue and aȝien þe heie hulle; þos leten al here iwil for godes luue to fulle.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/282 : For þi wes wedlac ilahet..to ihente þe unstronge, þe ne mahen stonden i þe hehe hul & se neh heouene as meiðhades mihte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)92/26 : Se þe hul [Recl.: hyll] is herre of hali lif..se þe feondes puffes..beoð strengre þron.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)18 : Welle heg is tat hil ðat is heuen riche.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)281 : And ðor ic wile sitten and sen Al ðe ðhinges ðe in werde ben, Twen heuone hil and helle dik.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)126/11 : Hi cliuen in to þe helle [Vices & V.(2): hil] of perfeccion of liue be strengþe be hire oȝene uirtue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)165/13 : Þet is þe way þet let in-to þe helle of god, þet is, ine þe stat of perfeccion.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)243/20 : Alhuet he comþ to þe mont ioye, þet is, to þe helle of blisse eurelestinde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))SSol.4.6 : I shal go to the mount of mirre and to the hil of cens.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.41 : And sche can plonge worþi emperoures From þe hille of hiȝe prosperite In-to þe vale of aduersite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1994 : Whan þei wer set softe Be victorie on þe hille a-lofte.
- a1450 Earth(3) (LdMisc 23)18/50 : So that erthe fro this erthe stye up on thyn hyȝe hille.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)135 : Lord, who sall won in þi palays Or ryst a-pon þi haly hyll?
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)6/28 : Þis watyr & þis flood of þe gret curs flowyth hyȝe in-to þe hylles of prowde & ryche folk.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)236/26 : Pryde chesyth hyȝe hylles, þat is, hyȝe worschepys & pra[i]singes.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)32/89 : Gracyous god on hevyn hille, accept now my tythyng.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)3.4 : Fra his haly hill, that is, of his rightwisnes.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)35.6 : Thi rightwismen ere gastly hilles of god.
4.
(a) In cpds. & combs.: hille(s cop, hilles top, a hilltop; ~ lond, a field on high ground; ~ side, a hillside; (b) in surnames; (c) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.274-5].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1300) Cust.Rent in OSSLH 29 : De operariis tenentibus terras que vocantur hyllondes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.375 : And made hem caste of her armour and here cloþes, and goo in a longe rewe under þe hille side.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)291b/b : He..rereþ þe forþer legges as he may toward þe hynesse of þe hille syde.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)791 : Þe apostel hem segh..Arayed to þe weddyng in þat hyl-coppe.
- c1425(?a1400) Arthur (Lngl 55)369 : He went ouer to þe hulle syde.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)75a : Loke as moche as þou mayst þat þou be on þe hulside, for wite þou wel, þe hiȝer þat þou stondest aboue þin enemy when þou schalt fiȝte, þe more avauntage þou hast of þyn enemy.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)81a : When þey trauaille on hiȝe hillestoppes or when þey ben in playn feeld disperbuled & schatred abrood.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)615 : To a hyll syd..hys way full wysly he hath tane.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)77/25 : When þay come to þe hullys cop.
b
- (1194) CRR(1) 145 : Willielmus de la Hulle.
- (1195) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.6112 : Radulfus de la Hille.
- (1199) CRR(1) 2370 : Johannes de la Helle.
- (1202) Assize R.Lin.in Lin.RS 221092 : Herueus sur le Hille.
- (1203) CRR(2) 2263 : Ricardus Attehull'.
- (1204) Fine R.King John231 : Johannes de Snaweshill.
- (1248) Close R.Hen.III21 : Robert Othehull.
- (1279) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88397 : Adam Hylle.
- (1284) Pat.R.Edw.I143 : William Helle.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.6641 : Iohanne ate Hulle.
- (1305) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames202 : Henr. atte Stonhill.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames232 : Joh. atte Wyndehulle.
- (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7233 : Galfridus Onthehul.
- (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7245 : Nicholaus Underhul.
- (1332) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames177 : Will. atte Sandhille.
- (1392) Court R.Hastings in Sus.RS 37127 : John Mychel atte Helle.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 5127 : Johannes atte Hille.
c
- (1152-8) EPNSoc.2 (Bck.)30 : Brichille.
- (a1200) EPNSoc.13 (War.)67 : Solihull.
- (1258) in Ekwall PNLan.68 : Pennul.
- (1270) EPNSoc.10 (Nhp.)265 : Haverhil.
- (1296) in Ekwall PNLan.68 : Pennehille.
- (a1300) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)325 : Smerhilles.
- (1300) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)78 : Amtehelles.
- (1300) Survey Wychwood in Archaeol.37436 : Et inde iner le Newefrith & le Hulwerk.
- (1336) in Wallenberg PNKent134 : Elstede.
- (1350) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)583 : Bramblihulle.
- (1380) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)300 : Herlothill.
- (1395) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)417 : Othyl.
- (1402) EPNSoc.19 (Cmb.)78 : Antehyll.
- (1420) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)417 : Otyll.
- (1436) in Wallenberg PNKent134 : Helstedes lane.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.177/14 : A Crofte þat is i-callid Rokeshull.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.190/18 : j rodde vppon fflexhulle.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)669/36 : In wynchestir vpon Chesse hulle, ix shillings 5 d. obolus.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)178 : The vyntage come by londe ynne cartys unto London fro the Downys, thoroughe Kent and ovyr Scheters Hylle.
- (c1500) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)417 : Otehulle.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)41 : I entred in þat erber grene..On huyle þer perle hit trendeled doun, Schadowed þis wortez ful schyre & schene.
Note: New spelling
Note: Quot. already used under hīl n. 'A mound, bank, small hill.'--JL