Middle English Dictionary Entry
hē̆vī adj.
Entry Info
Forms | hē̆vī adj. Also hevie, evi, hevei, heveg & hē̆vẹ̄, heive &(early) hefi, hefia, hefig(e, hefiȝ, hefeȝ, (late) heavi. |
Etymology | OE hefig |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Great in physical weight, heavy in proportion to bulk, weighty, heavy; (b) to ~ and (or) to hot, too heavy and (or) too hot to be seized or stolen; (c) massive, large; (d) of blows: heavy of impact.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6968 : Dromeluss..onn a daȝȝ wiþþ hefiȝ sæm Erneþþ an hunndredd mile.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)95/19 : Nv andswered ðe lichame, and seið..'Ic am heui, al so he ðe is imaked of ierðe; and hie [the soul] is liht alswo ðe left.'
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)104 : 'No wonder, cristofre,' seide þat child, 'þei it [read: ic] heuiore were Þane al þe world.'
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)182 : He bond þerto faste Heuye stones to drawe hit adoun.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)808 : Þer be inne a birþene gret, Al so heui als a neth.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)44/27 : Þet þing þet me ssel weȝe sseweþ more heuy.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.27.3 : Heuy is the ston, and charious is the grauel.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)592 : Whon he hedde hit [an axe] in honde, he heold hit þe betere, And þe heuior bi fer, þen he bi-foren hedde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)107a/b : Ether is nothir heuy, noþir liȝt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)180b/a : Rome gendreþ heuy men.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)197a/b : Absicus is a precious stone blak and heuy [L ponderosa].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.242 : Ich lerned..to weie pans with a peis and pared þe heuyeste.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.105 : Take to stronge men and in temese cast hem, And boþe naked as a nelde, here noþer heuyour [vrr. heuegour, heuegur, heuegere] þan oþer.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1105 : The barres were of gold ful fyn..Full hevy, gret, and nothyng lyght.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.4.11 : The lause sandes refusen to beren the hevy weyghte.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)123/8 : Ȝif a man myghte falle fro the erthe vnto the firmament, be grettere resoun the erthe & the see, þat ben so grete & so heuy, scholde fallen to the firmament.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)738 : Any thing that hevy be, As stoon, or led, or thyng of wighte..hit falleth doun.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1269 : The Gyaunt..is so hevy he can not ryde.
- a1500 Agnus Castus (LdMisc 553)188/3 : Yf a man wol wel chese of þe fruyt, he most take þulk þat is playn and somdel heuy.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6600 : Al is to hevy and to hot To sette on hond withoute leve; And thus I mot algate leve To stele that I mai noght take.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1436 : I spare nat to taken, god it woot, But if it be to heuy or to hoot.
c
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)169 : Gynne some tale of myrth or of gladnesse, and nodde not with thyn heuy bekke!
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5572 : Þai [beasts] ware of figour & of fourme as fendis of hell, With heuy hedis & hoge, as horses it were.
d
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)492 : His dyntys ar heyve as leyde.
1b.
Abundant; ~ in (of), weighed down with (sth.), laden with (sth.); of a purse: laden with coin.
Associated quotations
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1404 : This lusty game..wol..empten also grete and heuy purses.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.2.28 : Who maketh that plentyvous autumpne in fulle yeris fletith with hevy [L grauidis] grapes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.1.5 : Let hym..kerve asondir with his hook the bussches and the feern, so that the corn may comen hevy or erys and of greynes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.6.36 : Autumpne comith ayein hevy of apples [L pomis grauis].
- c1440(a1349) Rolle Bee (Thrn)55/31 : Thay are so hevy in erthely frenchype þat þay may noghte flee intill þe lufe of Jhesu Criste.
- c1450(1399) Chaucer Purse (Benson-Robinson)7 : To yow, my purse..I am so sory, now that ye been lyght..Beth hevy ageyn, or ellse mot I dye!
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564) : 102a/a: Whanne þe quytturer is greet and heuy or pale.
1c.
(a) Of odor: offensive, rank; also, of things: offensive or rank in odor; (b) of sound, the voice: deep, low.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.61 : Þe water of þis bathe be more troubly and heuyere of smelle and of sauour þan oþere hote bathes.
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.171ra : Þe finest [castorium] is þat hatz sauour pontik betwix bitter & swete. And þat is erthisch & with heuy odor & fattisch, & ethe to parte asonder.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)217a/a : Þe smylle [of box] is heuy.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257b/b : Oon [kind of nettle]..is heuy of smelle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)311b/b : Heuy odour comeþ of hete þat is kyndeliche in a þing þat bygynneþ to apeyre and to take corrupcioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312a/a : Heuy smelle is nouȝt euene, þe myddel odour bytwene swete odour and stynkyng, for heuy odour is conteyned vnder stynkyng odour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)319a/a : Chose melk..schal haue..good odour wiþouten eny heuy smelle.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2005 : Of a meene hete with substance impure is odour mislikinge, as alloes and sulphure; But when naturall hete begyneth to spill, then therof aryseth heavy smell.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)48b/a : Males..hauen heuyere voys.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)115b/b : In þe armonye of heuene þe mone makeþ þe heuyest soun.
2a.
Of words, matters, etc.: weighty of import, of great or grave importance.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)41/8 : Hire [Mary's] wordes weren heuie & hefden muche mihte.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.10.10 : The epistlis ben heuye, or greuouse [L graves], and strong.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2213 : The nede for the which we ben assembled in this place is ful heuy thyng and an heigh matere.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1473 : Ech of these..Was besy for to bere up Troye. So hevy therof was the fame That for to bere hyt was no game.
2b.
(a) Of circumstances, periods of time, weather, etc.: hard to bear or endure, burdensome, grievous, distressing; the heviere, that which is more burdensome; (b) of stars, a planet: dire in influence; ~ chered, of Saturn: dire of aspect; (c) of a social order: not to be tolerated, unendurable.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1111 : Ðises geares wæs swiðe lang winter, & hefig tyme & strang.
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1124 : Ful heui gær wæs hit se man þe æni god heafde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6351 : Aȝȝ himm birrþ beon fressh þærto..& tat iss harrd & strang & tor & hefiȝ lif to ledenn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.27.3 : The wrathe of the fool is heuyere than either [stone or gravel].
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)307/33 : To pley and rage þhouȝte hire swete wiþ laddes lawes in þe strete; hire þhouȝte heui in stude to dwelle þer me spac of heuene or helle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2404 : No wight sholde take vp on hym so heuy a charge that he myghte nat beren it.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139a/a : Mist..is ful heuy & perilous to schipmen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)496 : Gawan watz glad to be-gynne þose gomnez in halle, Bot þaȝ þe ende be heuy, haf ȝe no wonder.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2691 : It is ful hevy and greuous in her thoght Ȝif he habound and they han right noght.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4583 : Þe days þat er ille and hevy.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2390 : Aventures shull thee falle, Which harde and hevy ben withalle.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4711 : Love..is..An hevy birthen, lyght to bere.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8510 : Ye charge is to me full hevy and grevous forto ber yat is put vnto me.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)63 : Your fadir Dauid..Conforted folk þat stood in heuy cas.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)45b : Þei bulde hem a wide hous and a long..in whiche hous þey hadde here exercise of dedes of armes when heuy wederinges lettid hem out of þe feld.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)241 : Bot thynk, if it be heuy & hard, What mede we sall haue afterward.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2274 : Scho [the prioress] salbe sober in al thyng And naymly in hir chastying, To lay on þam þat vndir hir er No euyer band þan þay may ber.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)12 : The glade nyght ys worth an hevy morowe!
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3627 : Hit shalbe hevi & harde, & happi vnlike, Þat any frigies vs fere, or to flete dryue.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)53 : This hevy lif I lede for your sake.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)438 : Þe lawe of god dampnyþ hym þat chesiþ þe worse & þe heuyere & leeueþ þe betere & þe liȝtere.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.17.62a : Thow it schuld be to me ful grevows & ful hevy, yit wil I do thi wille & not aftir myn ease.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)112b/b : Saturnus is an yuel willid planete, cold & drye, a nyȝt planete & heuy [L ponderosus].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)389 : They founde satourn in the Scorpioun, Hevy-chered, malencolik, and loth.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.6.1 : Whan that the hevy sterre of the Cancre [L graue Cancri sidus] eschaufeth by the bemes of Phebus.
c
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)302 : Who wolde seie þat he ne were a fool þat..bryngiþ in a newe ordre þat is boþe heuy & vnperfiȝt.
2c.
(a) Of sin, crime, temptation, conflict, etc.: grievous, grave, serious; (b) of disease, suffering, hunger, etc.: grievous, intense, severe; (c) of reputation: bad, evil.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1106 : Ðises geares each wæron swiðe hefige & sinlice gewinn betwux þam Casere of Sexlande & his sunu.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4522 : Grediȝnesse iss hefiȝ lasst Biforenn Godess eȝhne.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7522 : Þeȝȝ ba forrlurenn Paradys Þurrh hefiȝ modinesse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9736 : & tatt wass mikell hæþenndom Till hemm & hefiȝ dwilde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11862 : He [the devil] wile scrennkenn hemm Full hefiȝ fall to fallenn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)51 : We aȝen to understonden ulcne mon sunfulle þet lið in heuie sunne.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Creed (Lamb 487)77 : Alle oðre men þet heuie sunnen drecheð..boð on þe doules on-walde.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)119/8 : Hwil þet godd wið þe bereð þi temptatiun, nast tu neauer hu heui hit is.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)469 : Þouh man be charged..Wid grete sinnes heuie and sore, He ne shal despeire neuere þe more.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2688 : In as muche as hym thynketh his synnes moore heuy and greuous, in so muche semeth his peyne the lighter and the esier vn to hym.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2868 : Syn es swa hevy and swa harde, Þat it drawes þe saul ay dunwarde.
- a1425 Hayle bote (Wht)205 : Thole me neuer to helle doun synk For my synnes heuy as the leede.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)93.50/4 : Ðeos wyrt soðlice eall ealde & hefia & unlæcniende adlu tofereð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)102.67/4 : Wið fot-adle, ðeah heo hefigust si.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1442 : Crist..Drah harrd & hefiȝ pine inoh Þurrh fife grimme wundess.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8624 : & ta wass i Judisskenn land Þærþurrh full hefiȝ hunngerr.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2795 : Þa iwerð þe king sec þurh hefeȝere seorwe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)79b/b : Somtyme with heuy sichinge, coghe, & gronynge þe face is pale.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)85a/b : If it comeþ of colde, þe ache is heuy & greuous.
c
- (1432) Paston2.38 : That the said Erle..may answer therto, and not dwelle in hevy or synistre conceit or opinion, withoute his desert and without answere.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3766 : What may auaille hem..vicious mene walking be ther side..Which causeth princis, be report of swich fame, For ther mysleuyng to han as heuy name.
2d.
(a) Of an action or the object of an action: hard to accomplish, difficult; (b) of food, wine: hard to digest.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2456 : With mani heui swink, With poure mete and feble drink.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2559 : Ðe ðridde swinc was eui and stron[g].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2565 : For al ðat swinc heui & sor, Ay wex ðat kinde, mor & mor.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)959 : The fourthe [arrow] was cleped Compaignye, That hevy for to sheten ys.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.10.10 : Þe pystlys certys ben heuye to vndyrstande.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.53 : Curious endityng and hard sentence is ful hevy at onys for such a child to lerne.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.14.9a : Þe vertues whilk were first heuy for to don arn now turned in to verrei delit and sauour.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)118.170 : Of corupcioun of my body, for it is heuy to wrestil here sa lange.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)320b/a : Þe chesy substaunce of mylk..is heuy to þe stomak, lyuer, reynes, and spleene.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)11.277 : Swettist wynes heuy are.
3.
(a) Slow in moving; of movement: slow; (b) dulled with disease, age, indulgence, or sin; sluggish in feeling or response; lacking in normal sensation, benumbed; (c) dulled with weariness or sleep, weary, drowsy; ~ of slepe (aslepe); of the eyes: heavy with sleep; (d) affected with the vice of sloth, disinclined to action, apathetic, indolent, lethargic.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26067 : Þa wes þe eotend heui swiðe; and Ardur wes swiftre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)32a/b : Þat one [pustule] is of liȝter mouynge..þat oþer is of more heuy [L tardioris] mouynge.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/17 : Eal þat heafod byð hefi.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)39/12 : Hy habbaþ swyþe heue maȝan.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Zech.7.11 : Thei turneden awey..and aggregiden or maden heuy [L aggraverunt] her eeris, lest thei herden.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)41b/b : Þe þickere & þe more trobled spirit of siȝt a man haþ, þe feblere & heuyere siȝt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)43b/a : Þan þe heed is heuy, with sowne & noyse in þe eeres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)109b/b : Aries..makeþ þe body & face croked & heuy yȝen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)265b/b : Þe asse..is þerfore kyndeliche heuy, slowh and lustiles, dulle & witles.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.18 : He felt him heuy & ferly seke; his body wex alle seere.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)885 : This woful man, that was nat fully ded..On hire he caste his hevy, dedly yen.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.4464 : Of heuy stomak thei feele no violence.
- c1450 Wimbledon Serm.(Hat 57)23/11 : His eeryn wexyn heuy to heren.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)53b/a : Al þe body is heuy and slowe.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)138/10 : Take ȝe hede þat ȝoure hertis be not maad heuy with ouer moche mete and ouer moche drynke.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)164a/b : Þe pacient is heuy & may not helpe him silf.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)4.3 : The weght of wickednes, that makis ȝoure herts heuyere than lede.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)54/19 : Flesshly appetitz..makys heuy þy wyttes and þyn vnderstondynge.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.17.12 : Whenn moyses rered up þe hondis, yrael ouercome..forsoþ þe hondis of moises wern heuy.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.706 : Thanne comth Sompnolence, that is sloggy slombrynge, which maketh a man be heuy and dul in body and in soule, and this synne comth of slouthe.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2289 : Tydeus more hevie than is led..leid hym doune forto tak his rest, Of werynesse desirous to slepe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 9.32 : And Petre, and thei that weren with hym, weren heuy of sleep [WB(1): greuyd with sleep; L gravati somno].
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)46a : The sede and figis..beþ gode for that man that havith þe litarge, þat is hevy and sclepy.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)239 : Hevy a-slepe [vr. of slepe]: Sompnolentus.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)139/21 : Me thynke myne eyne hevye as leede.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)160/273-6 : Myn hede is hevy as lympe of leede..I wax hevy in lyme and flamke.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)161/288 : To slepe a lytyll whyle I am hevy, heed and footte.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)580 : My hede ys very heuy, I tell yow for soth.
- a1500 Discip.Cler.(Wor F.172)51 : Suffre me now to sleepe, for I am hevy of sleepe and wold rest.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)3/13 : Ðes awerȝede gast..makeð ðane religiuse man..sari and drieri and heui on godes workes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)31/28 : Huanne þe man is zuo heui þat ne loueþ bote to ligge and resti and slepe.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)283 : In nihtes, aftur þi sleep, ȝif þou wole ryse for to serue þi lord, þou schalt fele þi-self furst fleschli heui, & sumtyme lusti.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.677 : Ire troubleth a man and Accidie maketh hym heuy, thoghtful, and wrawe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5175 : Ȝyf þou be slogh, and hevy, And doust no gode dede of mercy..þou art to me a voyde vessel.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)27789 : Slewth..makes a man lath forto lere, And heuy in hert sarmon to here.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Serv.& L.(Corp-C 296)227 : Seruauntis schullen..not be fals ne idel ne grucchynge ne heuey in here seruyce doynge.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PSacr.(Corp-C 296)221 : Crist tauȝte..us to preie þe Pater Noster..Men schulden not ben hevy ne werie to seie it.
4.
(a) Of a person, the heart, thought, etc.: burdened with sorrow or woe; dejected, sorrowful, sad; ~ for, sorry for (sb.), grieved about (sth.); ~ of, sad about (sth.); ~ herted, melancholy, gloomy; herte ~, sad in heart; (b) of actions, facial expression, etc.: expressive of sorrow or grief; doleful, mournful, sad; ~ chered, sorrowful of countenance.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)758/44 : Nou þou art heui; nou þou art liȝt.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.822 : Hir freendes, whiche that knewe hir heuy thoght, Conforten hire in al that euer they may.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11962 : When men haue synned dedly, Here soule ys mornyng and heuy, And cumbred ful of þoȝt and drede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12625 : Þi fader and i has mani wais Soght þe abute..Wit heui hert and druppand chere.
- a1400 Cato(3) (Frf 14)235 : Heuy herted men and stille studious men vmbe-þing þe to fle.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)3035 : Herfore he was in heuy þouȝt Til oon aungel him worde brouȝt.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.188 : Thenne was þer on hiht elde, þat euy was of chere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2987 : Elenus..Trist and hevy, with a pale face, Ageyn resorteth to his sittyng place.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1139 : Syn ye ben brought In thus good plit, lat now no hevy thought Ben hangyng in the hertes of yow tweye.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)77b : I ioye not for ȝe weren maad heuy, but for ȝe weren maad soreweful to penaunce.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)127/5 : On þe next day he wandrid forth in hys wey al heuy & pensife.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)239 : Hevy in sowle and herte: Molestus, tristis.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)86 : Sephalus..kyllyd his wyff. He was hevy of that mysse aventure, but there myght no remedy be hadde.
- a1450(1412) Glade in god þis (Dgb 102)79 : Ȝoure hertys were heuy, þey may be liȝt.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)93 : The king was som dele hert hevy.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)509 : So, throgh hys sorwe and hevy thoght, Made hym that he herde me noght.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)63/27 : When sho hard hym say so, sho was passand hevye & wepid.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.549 : Here hertes arn hangynge heuy as the leed.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)132/22 : She come all for-weped and was so heuy that she had lever haue died than lived.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)42/1 : Whan the kynge waked, he was passynge hevy of hys dreme.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)910/14 : 'Sire,' seyde the yoman, 'I am ryght hevy for you, for a good horse wolde beseme you well.'
- (1473) Stonor1.134 : Y and wyff be right heve and sory.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)46/97 : With evy hert I walke and wende my childys deth now for to be.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)26 : Þeis schuld..be in a maner to stere men to be heuy of þer mysse and to desire to be heyne.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3075 : Whanne kyng Bolyn had knowlage of yat case, A hevy man he was and comforteles.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)68 : He..shewid him his sikenes, and þe Emperour was hevy therfore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)42/82 : This commaundement must I nedis fulfill, If that my hert wax hevy as leyde.
- a1600 Alas what planet (Cmb Ff.1.6)3 : Thow y be heuy, hit ys no wonder.
- c1500(1463) Ashby Pris.(Trin-C R.3.19)154 : Rather of trouble be mery and glad Than therof be grogyng, heuy, & sad.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)1/15 : Heui is his greoning and seorhful is his woaning.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)175/9 : Habbeð..to ower bihoue þis lutle leaste ende of alle cuðe sunnen..of sum fals gleadunge oðer of heui murnunge.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2899 : By the sorweful visage of a man, that is to seyn, by the sory and heuy contenaunce of a man.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1384 : Whan so is þat I se and hiere Or hevy word or hevy chiere Of my lady, I grucche anon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2871 : Whan Daniel this swevene herde, He..made a wonder hevy chiere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2533 : Be semblant he [Troilus] was hevy chiered, For Diomede..Cleymeth to ben his parconner.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)19a/b : [Fiends] temptiþ glad men to lecherye and heuy cherid men [L tristes] to discord & strif.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)76b/b : Þe sopere is noȝt worthe ȝif þe lord of þe hous is heuy cherid.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.2 : Heuy-chered I ȝede and elynge in herte.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1180 : A longeyng heuy me strok in swone.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4099 : Þe wawes of hir heuy chere On hir chekis gonne for to clere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4430 : Thurgh-oute Grece..Cam alle the ladies..Ful hevy-cheryd and disconsolat..to bywaylle her wooful auenturys.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.94 : My chere..was cast to the erthe hevy and grevous of wepynge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.51 : Musice..syngeth now lightere moedes or prolacions, now hevyere.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)117/171 : Þen Paule he weppid with heue chere.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Virg.& Chr.(Hnt HM 111)2 : I walkid in the monthe of May Besyde a groue in an heuy musynge.
- c1450 Earth(3) (Hrl 1671)9/8 : When erthe byddythe erthe hys rente home brynge, Than hathe erthe apon erthe heuy partyng.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)363/236 : Be-war ye that non..for here deth schewe hevy speche.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)136 : But, fader, I mervell sore of thys, Wy þat ȝe make thys heuy chere.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)807 : When she was fled ouur þe see fome, The nobulle kyng dwelled at hom, Wyth fulle heuy chere.
5a.
(a) Of a person, the heart: disturbed, annoyed, troubled, vexed; (b) ~ to (unto), filled with vexation toward (sb.); beren ~ herte to (ayenes), to be angry with (sb.); beren ~ herte of, be angry about (sth.); ~ lord (maister, etc.), a lord (master, etc.) who is displeased or vexed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)276 : Ȝif þou be put fro þi rest in deuocion..be eny of þin euencristen..be not angri wiþ hem, ne heuy, ne dredful.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)67b/b : Alle men dispisen þe olde man and ben heuy and wery of him.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)2 : Pacience is a poynt..When heuy herttes ben hurt wyth heþyng oþer elles.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Kings 6.6 : Whi maken ȝe heuy [WB(1): agreggen; L aggravatis] ȝoure hertis, as Egipt, and Farao made heuy his herte?
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)69a/b : I, seyng þis discorde put to þe maystrez, gaffe me ful heuy or tedious whilez I was a ȝong man.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)71/2 : Machomete went so oft to þis hermyte to here him preche þat his seruands wex heuy þerwith and euill apaid.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)232/37 : God sent hem calm wynde..Hir felaschep thowt þei sped no wey & weryn heuy & grutchyng.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)18.302 : The kyng & Nasciens..More hevyere thanne Er they weren forsothe..neuere In Ese they scholde bene Tyl here-Offen they hadden vndirstonding clene.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12320 : Eneas with anger was angardly heuy With Antenor the traytor.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)270 : If þou ȝeue for my love a ferþinge, Þou doist it with an heuy harte.
- (?1457) Stonor1.53 : My tennant, Robert Cockes, is a hevy man becawse his hors be take away. I can nor wyll not gefe hym no comfort.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)207 : With that he awoke, and marvailid mor than enye man may trowe; & hevy he was.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 14.6 : Jhesus seide, 'Suffre hir; what be ȝe heuy [L molesti] to hir? She hath wrouȝt good work in me.'
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2329 : He..Bare heuy herte to kyng Pelleus.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2746 : Of whiche Horestes bar ful hevy herte, And cast hym pleynly avengid for to be.
- (c1426) Paston2.15 : The seyd Walter by hese sotill and ungoodly enformacion caused the seyd Duke to be hevy lord to the seyd William.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)11/26 : Be noȝte heuy to my fader.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5567 : All the kynges..were heuy to hym for houyng so longe.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)432/18 : This Henry bare tho heuy herte ayens the pepull of the Cite of London.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)63/9 : He was aferd þat sho was hevye vnto hym, as sho was vnto other þat sent vnto hur messangers with grete giftys.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)89/1 : He was so flateryng and fair spoken that he putt Herland oute of his office, and made [the] kyng his heuy lorde.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.320 : I can thynke he hathe be enformed be myn elmyes [read: enemies] that wold make hym disp[l]esed with me, and to be myn evy mastre.
5b.
Troublesome, bothersome, irksome.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 18.5 : For this widowe is heuy [L molesta], or diseseful, to me, I schal venge hir.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 11.7 : Nyle thou be heuy [WB(1): noyful; L molestus] to me; the dore is now schit, and my children ben with me in bed.
6.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1041 : Reg. Heuyberd.
- (1304) Acc.Chester in LCRS 5968 : Robert Heuyheved.
- (1307) Pat.R.Edw.II35 : Stephen Hevybyhinde.
- (1326) Feet Fines Kent in Archaeol.Cant.15303 : William Heuyhatche.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.66 : A! Hicke Heuyheed! hard is þi nolle To cacche ony kunynge but cautell bigynne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)284/18 : A kyng..traveld be þe way with his baronage in a gay kyngis charyott. So hym happend to mete ij men cled in hevie clothyng, whilk þat war ill hewid.
Note: Add. sense: We have no sense that really covers 'heavy clothing.'
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.21ra (1.4) : Pork and bef ar heuy metes.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.21ra (1.4) : Heuy metes comuly causiþ fleume and blak colre.
Note: Additional quots., sense 2d.(b).