Middle English Dictionary Entry
grōpen v.
Entry Info
Forms | grōpen v. Also gropien, groppe, crope, grapen, grapi, graipe. P.ppl. grōped, etc. & igrōped. |
Etymology | OE grāpian |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To feel with the hand or fingers, touch, stroke; ~ on, ~ to, feel of (sth.); (b) to touch (sth.) with the hand or fingers; feel of (sb. or sth.); (c) ~ hondes, to grease (someone's) palm, bribe (sb.); (d) to touch (sb.) amorously, play with, fondle; ~ thigh, ~ under gore.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30269 : He grapede [Otho: gropede] an his nebbe, and wende þat hit bledde.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2096 : Gropeþ and yseoþ al-so þat, noþer of fflesch ne of bone, A gost naþ noþing..þat ich haue y-wis.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3693 : Richard gan grope to þat gerse, And wan he felede hit was no werse, god he þankede þan.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.113(2).7 : Hondis thei han, and thei shul not grope [L non palpabunt].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2141 : Now thanne put thyn hand doun my bak..and grope wel bihynde Bynethe my buttok.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)53b/a-b : Þe tete, þe heed of þe pappe þat þe childe soukeþ..hatte pappilla in latyn, and haþ þat name of palpare to grope, for þe child ofte touchiþ it & gropiþ & graspiþ þerafter.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)317/23 : Sette þi fyngris vpon þe place & grope softli.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.27.12 : Esau my brother is a man ful of heer, and I soft; if my fader groop [WB(2): touchith..me; L attrectaverit me] and fele, Y drede lest he wene me wiln to bigile hym.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)851 : Heo fond hire body ly al naked, And heo gropede wiþ hire honde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2186 : Ryght in the dawenyng awaketh she, And gropeth in the bed, and fond ryght nought.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)214 : Gropyn, or felyn wythe hande: Palpo.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)65/11 : He grapid in his bosom & fand xij d. of gold.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)591 : Iak leyd to his hond to grope wher it sete.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)57a : To Grape: Attrectare, contrectare, palpare, palpitare.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)113.15 : Hend thai hafe and thai sall noght grape.
b
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Elucid.(Vsp D.14)144/32 : Æt þan niȝeðen siðen, þa þa Thomas grapode his [Christ's] wunden.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4857 : Þai [þe leches] groped his veynes & his wounde, Þai feld hem boþe hole & sounde.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)122/231 : Þer thomas of ynde..Croped hys holy wounde.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)123/240 : Yblessed hy beþ, Þo þat on me by-leueþ and nauȝt me seþ, Ne gropyeþ none wounde.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1388 : Þan gropede he euery wounde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.195 : Oo man..putte awey a manis hond þat groped and handeled hym.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.103 : He Mai whanne him list his tresor se, And grope and fiele it al aboute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)26a/a : Gropinge is þe wit of knowinge diuers þinges þat ben I-gropid.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3696 : He [Isaac] had feld his fleirand cloth And graped handes and hals both.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.126 : Al þat þe fynger gropeþ, graythly he grypeþ.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)[22.170] f.65b : Crist..tauȝte him to grope And fele wiþ his fyngris his freliche herte.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1028 : Bot I hyr graype, I hald þi saw bot scorne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)87b/a : A cancre is a dangerous sikenez for how mych more þat it is groped or feled [*Ch.(2): handled] þe more it is endigned.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)54/18 : Alexander..went and graped his [Darius'] wondes.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)1174 : Scho..groped hym wele, body & syde, þat he ne hade no woundes wyde.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)12/8 : Þis abbatiss..grapid hur selfe, & feld hur selfe delyvurd of hur childe.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)850 : It [a bird] walde of him be graped and fedde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4262 : His eye with his hande he graped.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)18/33 : Thomas of Inde..had hondelet and groped þe wondes of Cryst.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.7 : Elsinus ordeyned hym advoketes, and groped here hondes [Higd.(2): ȝiffenge grete ȝiftes to his advocates; L quorum manus palpaverat], and..was iput in at Caunterbury.
d
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1496 : Hu mai þar eni luue beo War swuch man gropeþ hire þeo?
- ?c1335 Elde makiþ me (Hrl 913)p.170 : Ihc ne mai no more Grope vnder gore, Þoȝ mi wil wold ȝeite.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)3105 : Þow gropedest [vr. gropyst] þe wif aniȝt to lowe.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)43/133 : Þen heo groped him atte laste And put vppon him swiþe faste.
2.
To treat (oneself in a certain way).
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)99b : Ne grapi [Nero: gropie; Recl.: grope] hire nan to softeliche hire seoluen to bichearren.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)102b : Al þet ich habbe iseid of flesches pinsunge..is for sum..þe grapeð hire [Nero: gropeð hire; Recl.: gropen hem] to softe.
3.
To feel one's way in the dark, grope as a blind man; search for something in darkness; also fig.
Associated quotations
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4217 : The wif..cam agayn and gan hir cradel mysse And groped heer and ther, but she fond noon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2795 : This blinde god which mai noght se, Hath groped til that he me fond.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)85a/a : Þe blynde..puttiþ forþ þe hond al aboute, gropinge and graspinge..wiþ his honde and..staf.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)260a/b : Snayles beþ feble of sight and gropeþ and secheþ here weyes wiþ þilke hornes.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)2 Pet.1.9 : And he þat haþ noȝt þese þinges, he is blynd, and gropynge wiþ his hond [L manu tentans].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Duet.28.29 : Grope thou [WB(1): thow shalt graasp] in mydday, as a blynd man is wont to grope in derknessis.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 12.25 : Thei schulen grope, as in derknessis, and not in liȝt.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)168 : Thei couthe not seie, neither teche verrili, what feith was or is; But thei gropiden afer after forto wite what feith is, and thei not it wisten.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)648 : He myght not se where to smyte, and be-gan to scarmyshe and to grope a-boute hym with his staffe.
4.
(a) To take hold of (sth.), grasp; seize, take; ~ to, to grip (sth.); (b) fig. to lay hold of (mercy, etc.); of a vice: get control of (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)12/95 : Se þicke is þrinne þe þosternesse þet me hire mei grapin.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.10.21 : Be þer derknessis vpon þe londe of Egipte so thicke þat þei mown ben gropid.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23242 : Þe sext paine es noght to scape. Es suilk mercknes men mai it grape.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1957 : Þe stedes þai gunne by mane grope, And lopen on sadel.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6799 : Mykel myrknes..swa thik es þat men mught it grape.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.35 : The gret darknys thou mayste grope and fele.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)1631 : To betres throte can he grope; Jn sonder he schare hyt tyte.
- 1532 PPl.A(1) (Dgb 145)3.169 : Groped [Trin-C: Þou hast..grepe my gold].
b
- c1404 The ten commawndementis (RwlLtrg e.7)28 : To thi mercy I me take, fforsothe I can no bettur grope.
- ?c1425 Hoccl.RP (Roy 17.D.6)p.2 : I destitute was of joye and good hope, And To myn ease no thyng coude I grope.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)811 : Coueytyse schal hym [man] grype & grope tyl sum schame hym schende.
5.
(a) To examine, ponder, consider; ~ abouten, examine in all respects; ~ after, search for; ~ of, inquire into; ppl. as adj. gropande, scrutinizing; (b) to question (sb.), interrogate, test; inquire of (sb.); hear confession from (sb.); (c) to investigate (sth.); examine (someone's conscience); probe into (a matter); study (sth.); (d) to learn (sth.), know; feel (an emotion), experience (a spiritual state); as i can ~, as I understand.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)99 : Þi Concience schal þe saue and deme, Wheþer þat þou beo ille or good; Grope aboute and tak good ȝeme.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.679 : And ay we han good hope It for to doon, and after it we grope, But that science is so fer vs biforn We mowen nat..It ouertake.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)13590 : Þei groped & coude no cause fynde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)591 : For he is þe gropande God, þe grounde of alle dedez.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)322 : Of certeyn defautes gan he visite & grope.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2725 : Grape in ȝour hertez, who sall graythe to ȝone greue to ȝone gret lordes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)489/258 : Go we groppe wher we graued hir [Mary], If we fynde ouȝte þat faire one in fere nowe.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.644 : But who so koude in oother thyng hym grope, Thanne hadde he spent al his philosophie.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.361 : This limitour..goth and gropeth contricioun, and gaf hym a plastre Of 'a priue payement and I shal praye for ȝow.'
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2192 : And he be wel groped and thorughly examined after the grete wisdom of you.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)188/104 : I rede we aske þam all on rowe, And grope þam how þis game is begonne.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1520 : Ȝef he be styf & of herte heȝ, Grope hym softe.
c
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.21 : Whether I lye or I segge soth,Now ȝhe it schul grope.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1817 : Thise curatz been ful necligent and slowe To grope tendrely a conscience.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)163 : A wise lokynge þen calle I þis, A man to loke hym selue with in And grope his conscience what it is.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)77/88 : Alle þese [articles of faith] xalt þu grope besily and serchyn be þe symbalis, þat is to seyne þe credis of holy cherche.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.54 : Wolde þou suffre me..all þe ground to gropen euery dele Þat I may wite how þou myght haue þyn hele?
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)800 : Freyne hym þus, & grope hys sore.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)3.73 : I shal haue myght and strengthe to grope This holy mater.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3015 : Thin enterdit and thi sentence Ayein thin oghne conscience Hierafter thou schalt fiele and grope.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)34/16 : Miȝtest þou ones se it as cleerly as þou maist bi grace com to for to grope it [a blynde steryng of loue vnto God] & feele it in þis liif, þou woldest þink as I say.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.424 : Your nauy maye receaue vytayle..A longest the water of Foorth, as I can grope.
6.
In street names.
Associated quotations
- (c1230) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Gropecuntelane.
- (1246) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Cropecuntelane.
- (c1251) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Grapelone.
- (1267) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Gropecountelane.
- (1296) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Gropelane.
- (1323) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.302 : Gropecuntelane.
- (1343) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.467 : Gropelane.
- (1376) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)289 : Grapecuntlane.
- (1483) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)40 : Crope Lane.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1223) in Ekwall Street-Names Lond.165 : Gropecuntelane.
Note: Antedates sense
Note: for 6.