Middle English Dictionary Entry
grẹ̄ven v.
Entry Info
Forms | grẹ̄ven v. Also grevi(en, grewen, gref(e, greif(e & griv(e, griefe, grif & (error) grove. Forms: sg. 3 grẹ̄veth, etc. & grẹ̄viht; ppl. grẹ̄ving, etc. & gerving; p. grẹ̄ved(e, grẹ̄vet & grefde; ppl. i)grẹ̄ved, grẹ̄vet, igrẹ̄wed & grẹ̄fed, griefed, greffed. |
Etymology | OF grever |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To injure (sb.), harass, oppress; cause difficulty to (sb.), obstruct (sth. or sb.); spoil (sth.), destroy; ~ to, injure (sth.); (b) to be injurious, cause difficulty, do harm; refl. be injured; hit greveth, it is injurious; (c) to be disobedient or disrespectful to (sb.), insult; offend (God, a god).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)284/206 : And with þat drinke..it [a devil] schet me sone with-Inne; Euer-eft he hath I-greued me.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)231 : And men cleopiet þe niȝtmare..Mest huy greuieth selie men ȝwane huy liggez upriȝt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3818 : 'Childre,' quat moyses, 'gure strif dereð ðe sowle and greueð ðe lif.'
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)55 : Þus þe grene wax vs greueþ vnder gore.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)338 : And baillifs and bedeles..Everich fondeth hu he may pore men most greve.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)39/26 : Ualse playneres þet..zecheþ þe ualse demeres..uor to greui oþren.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)74/371 : The sext [spiritual work of mercy] gladly to forgyf when men has greued us.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Tim.5.16 : If ony feithful man hath widewis, vndirmynistre he to hem, that the chirche be not greuyd [L gravetur].
- c1390 NHom.John Bapt.(Vrn)11 : Herodias..wolde ful fayn þat Jon weore slon; he greued hire fleschlich lykyng.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2935 : We han offended and greued my lord Melibe out of mesure.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.119 : Til he may se the chance falle That he hire love myhte grieve.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.10 : Wher he [anger] most achieveth His pourpos, most to kinde he grieveth.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)19a/a : Also al þe entent of fendes is to do euel & to greue & disese [L ad fatigationem] goodemen.
- a1400 SMChron.(Add 19677)674 : Þe k[yn]g hit hom forȝyue, He nolde hom namore gryu [read: gryue].
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7307 : The pore tenaunts..be grevyd and chargyd with the ferme of v wyndmylles.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Wisd.2.3 : Oure lijf..schal be departid as a myst, which is dryuun awey of the beemys of the sunne, and is greued [WB(1): agreggid; L aggravata] of the heete therof.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2349 : For the wordis litel greve A man to kepe, whanne it is breve.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)41/14 : Þabbes sal noht greue [L conturbet] þe cuuent.
- (1429) RParl.4.346a : The saide trespassours restore..the saide Corne and Marchaundises..to the parties so greved.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)115 : Forgeten hadde the erthe his pore estat Of wynter, that hym..with his swerd of cold so sore hadde greved.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)168 : O oonly god..Save Calais the tovn riall..That noon enemys it greve!
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3484 : Þo was þe wether bothe myelde & stylle, & greuede hem after þat tyme nomore.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)730 : Do vs palmers no vylony..Let vs go and greue vs nought.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2143 : The Grekes vs greuyt & to ground broght.
- (1457) Lease Ebrington in Campbell Chancellors 1373 : I charge..his issue that they neuer vex, implede, ne greve the forsaid Sir John..for the forsaid Manour.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)110 : Vndir Juges it was not lefull to any man..to greve thair childeren þat hade not offendid.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)144 : The kynge shalnot be greved be importunite of suytours.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)889 : Beware..Of ȝour synfull delectacion þat grewyth ȝour gostly substans.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)134/577 : The child will it not grefe, that lytyll day starne.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)202 : I wole biginne To speke, man of þi bileue, For hit is god, it wole noht greue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.417 : At Penbrook in a stede Fendes dooþ ofte quede..Whan hit greueþ soo [Higd.(2): whiche, movenge that lond; L quando terram agitat], To þe men hit bodeþ woo.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.19 : Straunge men þat needeþ, Þat lond wel ofte releueþ, Whan hunger greueþ [L laedit], Þat lond alle suche men fedeþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2011 : Fulofte time it grieveth, Whan that a man himself believeth..That he alle othre men can deme, And hath foryete his oghne vice.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7233 : Ne þare es nan sa gret mai greif [Frf: grefe; Göt: gref] Als traitur dern and priue theif.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.134 : For Loue is a lykynge thyng and loth for to greue.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3074 : To touche the roser..he yaf me leve; This graunt ne myght but lytel greve.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)4841 : Mon no hors..No myghte come the toun nigh, To greven [Ld: greuen hem] or to don anoye.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2951 : [Gawayne]..melles hym thorowe, As man of þis medill-erthe þat moste hade greuede.
- a1450 SLeg.Barlaam (Bod 779)111 : Ȝif any man Is hort of word of man, þou he be so hurt þat hym greue sore, I hym wole hele.
c
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)598 : Ȝif þou stude to grete men, Þauh ofte þei greueþ þe, Oþer-tyme þei may þe profyte.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)774 : He syttez þer in Sodomis..Among þo mansed men þat han þe much greved.
- (?c1400) Caistre Hymn (Ashm 751)232 : Jhesu..fforgyf yat I hafe greued ye with word, werk, wyll & thoght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.590 : Wel hastow, lord, ywroke on me thyn ire, Thow myghty god, and dredefull for to greve!
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)112/23 : Þese greuyn God ful greuously..In lechory, slouþ and glotone.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2449 : And who so euer vnbowsum es, Or rebel to þer priores, Or greues hir in ony degree..Be-for her fete down sal þai fall.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)463/13 : I pray you of mercy to myssesay me no more, for my gryff is inow, though ye gryff me no more.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)199/31 : He became mournynge..and hugely hym peyset that he had god so mych y-grewid.
2.
(a) To cause physical injury; afflict (sb.) with disease or physical injury; wound (sb.), damage (sth.); ppl. greving, injurious, wounding, noxious; (b) to suffer (a disease).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Swithin (Hrl 2277)120 : Of þe vuel þat he bar so longe, neuereft igreued he nas.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)2170 : 'Wolde ȝe..ȝeue me leue, Hit ne scholde noman greue!' 'Take hit þanne,' ȝhe sede, 'And in to stable þow it lede.'
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)890 : Swete william, seie me now what seknes þe greues?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2460 : Þat barn þe best a-doun sette, wiþ-oute eny maner wem þe worse it to greue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2186 : Nectanabus..Tok of a dragoun the semblance, And..Com in rampende among hem alle..And natheles he grieveth non.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)46a/a : Þe mouþ..is I-greued [L patitur] wiþ pymples & bleynes and wiþ whelkes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)75b/b : Alle watir þat is sone corrupt is sotil & greueþ [L ledit] whenne it is I rotid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)138b/a : Hayl greueþ [L ledit] moche corne frute and floures.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)150b/a : Þe female [sparrow]..etiþ venymouse þinges with hote greuynge hennebane seed.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)823/6 : Her liþ kenelm of his heuede bireued, Þat þoru his soster & þe stiward so was igreued.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)72a/b : The aire greueþ [L offendit] and altereþ i. chaungeþ þe principal membres.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.24 : Whan tyme is hoot putte on hem..Good water oft..And boold hem vppon hoot that myght hem greue.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1463 : Thare ware gomes thurghegirde..Grete lordes..greffede so hye.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6650 : Þere þey ffond strong metyng, Wiþ swerdes and speres fful greuyng.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9062 : So greuit were the grekes þurgh the gret shot, Þat þai fled all in fere & the feld leuit.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)1.274 : And euery wyght grevyde with sekenesse, A touche of hir made hem hoole a noon.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)108a : Many þat I hade emade blynde, deef, croked..meselles and leprous, and greued in many wyse, he heled hem alle with oon worde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)110/27 : Ye shall nat go farre with hir but that ye woll be mette with and greved.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)368/371 : Sere I schal geyne tho glabereris or gramly hem gref.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)332 : In werre ne yn turnement, Ne schall þe greue no knyȝtes dent.
b
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)503 : Nowe shewe þou me That, howe my fader hool myȝt be Of al yuels, þat he greueþ.
3a.
(a) To be physically painful, cause discomfort; cause pain or discomfort to (sb.); ~ in (on, to), be painful to (sb., one's body); hit greveth, it is painful, it pains (sb. or sth.); greved wod, maddened with pain; (b) to feel pain, be uncomfortable.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)115a : Hwen ȝe beoð ilete blod ȝe ne schule don naþing þe þreo dahes þet ow greueð.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)62 : Here ȝe habbez al a ȝer meteles ibeo..Ne chele ne hete ne greuede ev nouȝt.
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)147 : Þo nomen huy pich and brumston..And ope hire..al-fuyri it casten; Euere sat þis Maide stille; it ne greuede hire no-þing.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2214 : Þritti fete bitvene He lepe, wiþ outen les; Sore him greued his vene.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)388 : Hit greueþ euere mannes eiȝe Inwardliche, on hire [the sun] to se.
- a1350 SLeg.Juliana (Ashm 43)60 : Louerd muche is þi myȝte, so muche iweld bras In hire woundede bodi ne greuede noȝt, uair miracle þer was.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1378 : Wonded was he sore, þat greuen him gretly but god may do bote.
- c1390 Þe man þt luste (Vrn)41 : Þauȝ hit smerte & sumdel greue, Ȝit most he suffre a luitel stounde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.352 : We shul first feyne vs cristendom to take; Coold water shal nat greue vs but a lite.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.465 : This tirant..To grieve his bodi wol noght leve.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)76b/b : Mete I-ete to hastilich greueþ [L nocet] aȝenst nyȝt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)217a/a : Þe smylle [of box] is heuy and, þey it grieue [L grauet] þe taste wiþ sauour, it comforteþ þe sight for it is alway grene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15657 : Þair eien war greued sua wit grete, þat soru was to se.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.112 : Wilde wormes in wodes þorw wyntres þow hem greues, And makest hem welnyegh meke and mylde for defaute.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3188 : But his sore gan so ake and greve, Þat he wel felte þat he mvste be ded.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1870 : Soore I compleyned that my sore On me gan greven more and more.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)5/19 : Þe smell of his body schuld not greue [F greuast] to men þat come forby.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)100a/b : Be his metez souping or sorbile þat þai gryue [L grauent] hym not in chewyng.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Ad Filium (Hnt HM 744)39 : I synned greuously, For which thow greeued were in euery veyne.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)130/1 : Garlek..helpyȝt a man to make water, but neuere þe lattere ȝet is [read: it] grewith a man in hys ȝerde.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1119 : Though to clymbe it greved me, Yit I ententyf was to see.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)13/23 : And the fast greued [F faisoit mal] not, hit were not merit.
- a1456 Hit is no right (Add 16165)38 : Þer fore I wol þus my chaunce cheese..Hasard a tout and launche an esy pas In lowe cuntrey þer as hit may not greve.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)1442 : Strokes on Acheldes sore he sette..Achyles is greved welny wode.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)180/10 : 'Alas,' sayde the wondid man, 'moche harme haste thow done to mee and greuet.'
- a1500 Symb.Pass.(Add 32006)4 : These instrumentis þat here peynted beth, In memorie of þi bitter deth..þei greued þe ful sore.
b
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)115 : To holde wynde..Wil engendre Colli[ke]s passioun, And make men to greuen on her roppys.
- ?a1500 Hit is no right (Hrl 7578)p.280 : But ayeyns loue I wol my chaunce chese..Hassarde a tout a launce an esy paas I lowde contree ther as I may not greue.
3b.
(a) To make (sb.) angry, enrage; ben greved with (at, to, unto), be angry with (sb. or sth.), be angered by; greved upon, displeased with (sb.); hit greveth, it angers (sb.); (b) refl. to feel anger, become angry; (c) so that hit not you ~, etc., so you be not displeased, if I may do so without offense, if it please you; (d) to be angry; of anger, angry words: to rage, seethe; ~ at (with), be angry with (sb.), be angered by (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)28/476 : Ȝef..he let lutel to þe, hit greueð þe se swiðe þet tu wult inohreaðe..makien him poisun.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)77.45 : Hou ofte hij greued [L exacerbaverunt] hym in wildernes; hij somond him in ire in dryhede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2047 : For elles miht it fare amis, If ye dede oght that scholde him grieve.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2181 : And yet ne greueth me no thyng so soore As that this olde cherl..Blasphemed hath oure hooly couent eke.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)38 : Of þys clerkys wyl y nouȝt seye; To greue hem y haue grete eye.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18317 : For him to greue [Vsp: grem; Ld: grove] hit is ful grille; lastyng lif is in his wille.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)306 : Wyth her unworþelych werk me wlatez wythinne, þe gore þerof me hatz greved and þe glette nwyed.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)736 : Þai bad sone þat man spare þam noght, so war þai greued sare.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5154 : Hir speche me greved wondir sore; Than unto hir for ire I seide, For anger.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2948 : Thane sir Gawayne was grefede, and grypys his spere, And gyrdez in agayne.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)10/36 : Alexander, than, was gretly greuede at his wordes, and..he went till hym and kellede hym.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)71 : She vaunted hire ayens Pallas. For the wyche the godes was greued wyth here.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)985 : Bot if þai in þer hertes be meke..And be not greuyd with word ne dede.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)281 : Forto greyfe god thei had non aw.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2548 : And for þei so to syn assent, god was greued vnto þem ylkon.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2848 : 'Sum of our self has synd,' he sayd, 'wher for our god is to vs greued.'
- (1452) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.4201 : Yf ony man fynde hym grevyd upon the seid officers because they doo not duly the execucyon of the premisses.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)60 : What have I doon that greveth yow, or sayd, But for I serve and love yow and no mo?
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)31/28 : Whan kynge Bors saw tho knyghtes put on bak, hit greved hym sore.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)39/122 : God is sore grevyd with man.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)57b : To Greue: Exacerbare, exasperare..irritare..prouocare ad iram.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)371/128 : I had leuer go to rome, yei thryse, on my fete, Then forto grefe yonde grome.
b
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) Corp.Chr.(Vrn)187 : Þe Cristen mon bi-gon to beo wroþ..Þe Iew seide, 'ffelawe, greef þe nouht.'
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3859 : At this tale I saugh no man hym greue But it were oonly Osewold the Reue..A litel ire is in his herte ylaft.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)6.317 : He greueth hym aȝeines god and gruccheth aȝeines resoun.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2922 : With whos wordes the lordes gan hem greve, And ther-Inne had but ful smal delit.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2434 : Bot I for-geue ȝow all þe gilt, & greues me na mare.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)480 : Þe sheperd seid, 'Sir, not þe greue, And it þi wille be.'
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.186 : This wol I preue By witnesse lord, so that it nat yow greue, She nys his doghter nat.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5556 : But finally, so it ȝow nat greve, And paciently þat ȝe list to here, þer is o þing..Whiche þat I shal, so it be noon offence, Pleinly remembre here in your presence.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.45 : 'Sirs,' quod he, 'so it ȝow nat greue, Me semeþ..I may meve Touching þe wynnyng..of þis toun.'
d
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5949 : Quen pharaon sagh rest and stund, His hert wex gret and gan to greue.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)302 : Now God in nwy to Noe con speke, Wylde wrakful wordez in his wylle greved.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)316 : Wyth þis he laȝes so loude þat þe lorde greued; Þe blod schot for scham in-to his schyre face..He wex as wroth as wynde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.343 : But tolde I yow the worste point, I leve, Al seyd I soth ye wolden at me greve.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3421 : I..pray that ye Of me have mercy and pitee, To stynte your ire that greveth soo.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1352 : Than greuyde sir Gawayne at his grett wordes.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)182 : Bot then this gome alle in graye greued with this wordes.
3c.
(a) To make (sb.) feel worried or disturbed; agitate or depress (sb., one's mind or conscience); stimulate (sb. to lechery); tease [quot.: a1375]; bore [quot.: (a1398)]; frighten [quot.: Gawain]; ~ of, make (sb.) tired of (sth.); hit greveth, it worries or depresses (sb.); (b) refl. to be concerned or anxious; (c) to be frightened.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)42/707 : For þi hit is þe meast god þet hwen he greued [Tit: greueð] he meast & towart te wið fondunge wodeluker weorreð.
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)9/77 : And tah hit þunche oðre men þat ha drehen harde, hit ne greueð [Bod: derueð] ham nawt, ah þuncheð ham softe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)64a : Ȝef þe feond wið fondunge greueð þe sare, þu greuest him hwen þu edstondest hundret siðe sarre.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)162 : His wif him axede swiþe ȝeorne..ȝif him mis-likede ani-þing þat grefde him in þouȝte.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)30 : Þo huy weren of grettore elde, it [i.e. fasting] ne grefde heom riȝht nouȝht.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)142/28 : Alle wordes him tyeneþ and greueþ [Vices & V.(2): anoieþ] bote yef hi ne by to god, oþer of god, oþer uor god.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)689 : He wende þat sche here had hed in sum hurne..to greue him in hire game.
- c1375(?c1280) SLeg.Advent,etc.(Eg 1993)892 : Naþeles for þe grete hope, his elde ne greuede him nouȝt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)156 : Þyn angre ous greuede sore, wan þou toke of ous so lyȝt.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.917 : Noght greueth vs youre glorie and youre honour, But we biseken mercy and socour.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)183 : Þese men somtyme byseged þe citee of Messena ten ȝere to gidres, and were wery and i-greued [L fatigabantur] of pleyntes and grucchinge of her wyfes.
- c1390 Þe wyse mon in (Vrn)206 : Foles playnen hem of here astat, Þat þei ben greuet [F greuez] and al mat.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/b : And al þe office..is endid vndir..most schort euensong, for nouices þat beþ nauȝt I-founde to goddis seruise schulde nouȝt bene I-greued ne I-noyed [L tedio afficiantur].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24734 : [L]isten godmen, wit your leue, Wele lath me war yow for to greue, þat yow mi talking thoght to togh.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.78 : His grace & hise gode happis greuide me wel sore.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2460 : Ho wayued me þis wonder..For to haf greued Gaynour, & gart hir to dyȝe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1716 : For certeinly it wolde hiȝly greue Our conscience.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2853 : She hadde a maner of remors In hir-silf, gervyng [?read: grevyng] her conscience.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Num.21.4 : it biganne to greue [L taedere] the puple, of the weie and of the traueyl.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)867 : My goost was greeuyd [L anxiatus est] vpon me.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)49b/b : Piget: hyt greueþ, or shomeþ or slouweþ.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)75b : Also in all maner potage hit [Seywhite] makiþ gode sauour, and y-fryeþ [read: y-fryed] he grevith a man to lechery.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.3.19 : Whanne thise thynges stynten for to soune in eris, the sorwe that es inset greveth the thought.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2538 : 'Sir,' sais sir Gawayne..'Siche glauerande gomes greues me bot lyttill.'
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)57b : To Greve: conturbare..displicere.
- a1500(1413) ?Hoccl.Poems PS (Eg 615)p.lxii/341 : I have not whom my selff to turne to..That may me ony helpe and socoure do..That doth me sore greve and constreyne.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.8 : The prycke of conscyence grevyth me sore, As often as I do unryȝt.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)28/16 : All þese temporall godes biþ as noon, but þei biþ ful uncertein, & more grevinge þan esynge.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)923 : Wonderli me greues, for my seknes wiþ my siȝtes sumtime slakes, & mani times doþ me mourne mor þan to-fore.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3910 : I pray yow alle that ye noght yow greue Thogh I answere, and somdel sette his howue, For leueful is with force force of showue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.54 : Thogh sche have wowers ten or twelve, For no mistrust I have of hire Me grieveth noght.
c
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1442 : He watz..bore alþer-grattest..Ful grymme quen he gronyed; þenne greued mony, For þre at þe fyrst þrast he þryȝt to þe erþe.
3d.
(a) To make (sb.) sorrowful, cause grief to, disappoint; be a cause of sorrow; --often with phrase or clause as subject; (b) refl. to be sorry, lament; (c) to grieve, lament.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)90 : Heo ne dorste ore louerd repie nouȝht..Ne no Man hire nolde cleopie, and þat hire grefde sore.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2953 : Þo bigunnen þe denshe..to aske leue, And he ne wolde hem nouth greue, For he saw þat he woren yare In-to denemark for to fare.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1573 : Ne turnde to him bote o þeof..And þat greuede him sorere þan his deþ.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)530 : For i so wrongely haue wrouȝt to wite him, me greues.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)262 : Wel sore him greuede þat þe kyng was angred for ys sake.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2631 : What man that wole..love in eny other wise..his coveitise Schal sore grieve him ate laste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.650 : For whan a man hath ouer greet a wit, Ful ofte hym happeth to mysusen it; So dooth my lord and that me greueth soore.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)10470 : Þan was ful soruful dame anna, Quen vtaine had hir greuid [Vsp: tened] sua.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10443 : Sore hit greueþ [Vsp: vrus; read: ruus] me þi fare, þat I þe se make suche care.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)60 : O Ioachim..to what ende or fyn Broghten yee me foorth þat am greeued so?
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)4130 : [Clarionas] and he be so lef, To part from hir it wold him gref.
- a1450 SLeg.Barlaam (Bod 779)555 : Sertis..þy tene greueþ me sore.
- c1450(c1400) ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Frf 16)18 : For he can glade and greve whom him lyketh.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)38.107 : Þat I made man sore doth me rewe, my handwerk to sle sore grevyth me.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)49/183 : With þis swerd, þat sore grevyht me, my childe I sle and spylle his blood.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)57b : To Greve: contristare..mestificare.
b
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)705 : Grefe þe noghte, Gaynour..Ne gruche noghte my ganggynge; Thy wonrydez and thy wepynge woundez myn herte.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.367 : Thanne is the sorwe al overrone Of lovedrunke, and schalt noght greven So to be drunken every even.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28377 : I ha ben mare Grenand and greueand þan mister ware, To tak ai redy..For to spend full lath me thoght.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4530 : She was to blame me to leve, The which now doth me soore greve.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1445 : Who wolde haue griefed for a grote he wold haue grucched þere.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)111a : None of hem nowe greueþe, ne teer is yseene on hir face.
4.
To make (sth.) heavy, weigh down; also fig.; ppl. greved to, a nuisance to (sb.).
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)260/5 : Nimeþ ye hede þet youre herten ne by ygreued [Vices & V.(2): greued] ne y-charged of glotounie ne of dronkehede.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)31.4 : Þyn honde ys greued [L gravata] vp me day and nyȝt.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)37.4 : For myn wickednesse ben ouergon myn heued, and as a greue charge hij ben greued [L gravatae] up me.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.39.10 : Þe womman was greuid [WB(2): diseseful; L molesta] to þe ȝong man; & he refusid þe hordom.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.8.31 : Whi hast thou greeuyd [L gravasti] thi ȝock vpon oure freendis and felawis, the Jewis?
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.26.43 : And eftsone he came, and foonde hem slepynge; forsothe her eȝen weren greued [WB(2): heuyed; L gravati].
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)65/19 : He saw seint Michell and the deuell that had her in a balaunce..And the most thinge that greuid [F pesoit et..la grevoit] her was her good and gay clothing.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)57b : To Greue: Aggrauare..grauare.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)55/15 : The people..swer horrybely at the formacion of euery woorde by the tourmentys of our lordis passion whiche is our redempcion and reyue and forsake God.
Note: New spelling
Note: Prob. error for greyne per JR