Middle English Dictionary Entry
grẹ̄ n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | grẹ̄ n.(1) Pl. grẹ̄es, greis & grẹ̄ce. |
Etymology | OF gré a step. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. gres n.
1.
(a) A step in a stairway or flight of steps; also, a flight of steps; song (canticle) of gres, one of the Gradual Psalms; ~ bi ~, from ~ to ~, step by step; (b) a rung of a ladder; also fig.; fro ~ to ~; wei of grees, a ladder; (d) a step or stage in a process or development; a stage in the scale of virtue; fro ~ to ~; (d) a raised platform or perch of some kind; (e) a gradation in virtue or knowledge; a degree of intensity of color; a degree in severity of a disease; (f) in no manere ~, of no ~, not at all, in no respect.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Ps.(Dc 369(1))738 : The canticlis of grees ben in noumbre of fitene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.120.1 : The song of grees [vr. degrees; L graduum].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))2 Esd.8.4 : Esdras scribe stod vpon a treene gree [WB(2): the grees; L gradum].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.40.6 : And he came to the ȝate..and he stiede vp by the greese [WB(2): degrees; L gradus] therof.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 21.40 : Poul, stondinge in the grees [vr. gree; L gradibus], bekenyde with the hond to the peple.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.385 : Me gooþ adoun by an hondred grees [L gradibus].
- c1390(?a1300) Stations Rome(1) (Vrn)23 : Þou schalt haue at vche gre..Seuene ȝer to pardoun.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1564 : She was beryyd..Be syde an auter before þe gre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1368 : Þis noble worthi kyng..By many gre made of marbil grey, Hath hem conveied.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.463 : Thre grees [vr. grece; L gradibus] or iiij is up therto to go.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2038 : Whil she stey vp from gre to gree..She neuer of-bak turnyde hyr vysayge.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13504 : Þan he glode þurgh the greues & the gray þornes, To the hed of the hole on the hext gre.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)1.193 : This braunche of holynesse..went vp, gre by gre, Fyftene on lofte.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)74/79 : If þe fyftene grees þou may Ascende It is meracle.
- a1486(a1460) Coron.Kings Eng.in Archaeol.57 (Mrg M 775)47 : Also in Westmynstir chirche muste bene ordeynid a pulpite with grees on every side.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)119.1 : I cryed til my lord..and he herd me, settand me in greis of steghynge.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)297 : Off þe grees they dyscendeden ful coraious in yere.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)32.82 : Abacuk..ficchiþ a weie of grees vpon þe strengþe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)103b/b : Put þe pacient his armehole in a gree of a scale i. in a rong of leddre [L in vno gradu scale].
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.17 : A laddre..Wheron men myght al-wey fro gre to gre..evire ascende.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)574 : Seyn Benet..brouht a ladder long, In the wych men myghte se xij grees [vr. greces] off humylyte.
c
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)13/1 : Þou schalt..fleon vp from gre to gre, from bodilych exercice to gostlych.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)68b/a : In þe gree of melk þis mater is seuen dayes, and in þe gre of blood 9 dayes, in þe gree of a lumpe of fleische 12 dayes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)61b/a : Þerfor in a wonde beþ 3 greez [*Ch.(2): grees; L gradus] necessarie, ffirst of siccatyuez regeneratyuyng flesh.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)44a/b : And after gre by gre [*Ch.(1): gradately; L gradatim] to the suppynges made of ben mele.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)62/3 : And so fro gre to gre þai pass & florisch with gostely vertews.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.471 : Ther humour is, ek erthe & ayer wel warme, That fruyt to fruyt fro gre to gre [L per gradus quosdam] succedith.
d
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)75.78 (v.2:p.61) : That same man went vp vnto the gree where Iames prechid and threw hym doun bakward, and evir aftir that Iames somwhat haltid.
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1375 : Ther nys no thyng in gree superlatyf..aboue an humble wyf.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)306a/b : In eueriche mene colour beþ as it were endeles mene grees [L gradus] of deep colour and of light as þey beþ ferre fro whyte oþer blak oþer nyh þerto.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.269 : Siþen at þe day of dome men shulen have ful knowyng and blis, þe grees of cunnynge and joie here mut nedis passe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)128a/a : And for þi þer ar put 4 spicez of it [scabbe] which ar not bot greez [*Ch.(2): degrees; L gradus] of morenez & of lessenesse as was said of obtalmie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)147a/a : Goyng out forsoþ fro naturalite haþ many greez.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)22/7 : Þe feuere agu is þe posityue degree, and in..comparatif gree & superlatif gree.
f
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5743 : For they nyl, in no maner gre, Do right nought for charite.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7197 : Agamynon the grete was of no gre chere To beire the charge as cheftan of þo choise kynges.
2.
Victory in battle, tournament, or combat; the prize for victory; ~ of, victory over (sb.); ~ of feld (tournement); ~ yeving, awarding of the victor's prize; winnen (beren, geten, haven, taken) the ~, to win the victory or the prize; yeven (graunten) ~, award (sb.) the victor's prize; fig. cause (sb.) to be victorious.
Associated quotations
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)462 : At iustes & at turnament..Euer þai gat þe gre.
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)1096 : Þat day Horn þe turnament wan..He toke þe gre þat was a swan, & sent to rimnild his leman.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2733 : Duc Theseus leet crye..The gree as wel of oo syde as of oother.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4633 : Ȝyf he [a clerk] iuste, he ys to blame, Hyt were wurþy þat had þe gre, Brokyn þe arme, legge, or thee.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.98 : Þe gree ȝit hath he geten for al his grete wounde.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)109/16 : In þat bataile was michel folc slayn in þat o partye and in þat oþere, but þe gree of þe felde lefte wiþ þe Danois.
- a1425(?a1400) Penny (Glb E.9)94 : Sir peny ouer all gettes þe gre both in burgh and in cete.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4298 : I thanke þe, Gode..That gafe vs vertue..And vs has grauntede þe gree of theis gret lordes!
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)77,82 : Þay gaffe Sir Percyuell þe gree..Percyuell hase wone þe gree.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10855 : By sight myght non þer chese þe best, Ne whilk þen semed doughtiest, Ne whilk schold wynne, ne haue þe gre.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)9638 : Þanne atte laste for the gre ȝeveng, So that the los was ȝoven and the prys To Sire Kay.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4607 : Your goddes haue it grauntid þe gre shalbe yours.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3651 : Þe brest of þe bataill he baldly a-prochid, Girdis doun of þe grettis & þe gree wynnys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)569/34 : And therewyth sir Launcelott kneled adowne and yeldid hym up his swerde. And therewithall sir Tystram kneled adowne and yeldid hym up his swerde, and so aythir gaff other the gre.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)47 : Whose berys hym best in þe turnament, Hym schall be granted þe gre..For to wynne my doȝter.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)692 : Torrent gan hys [the giant's] hed of-smyght, And thus he wynnythe the gre.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)845 : Therfore they grauntyd hym the gree, That hyght Tryamowre.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)545 : The heraudes gaff þe child þe gree; A Ml. pownd he had to fee.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)1167 : They gaffe hym þe gre of felde.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)546 : He..hath þe gre of turnament.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)215/4281 : Of all men there bare the gree Beues two sonnys and he.
3.
(a) Rank, position, dignity; an order or rank in society, government, or the Church; fro ~ to ~, from one order to the next above; (b) a position in the line of descent from an ancestor; fro ~ to ~, in order of descent; (c) a degree of kinship; (d) a university degree.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400 PPl.C (Vsp B.16)6.67 : Gre [Hnt: Lordes children sholde seruen..as here degree askeþ].
- (c1400) Higd.(1) (Hrl 1900)7.521 : The emperour..made þat prest a bischop soone therafter. This prest made the place and the gre honest with gode maner of lyvyng.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.40.13 : Thre braunches thre ȝit dayes ben, after whiche Pharao..shal restore thee to the bifore had gree [WB(2): degree; L gradum].
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)368 : A prest he is in dede suffrynge..A kynge he is fro dede rysynge, Þe thyrde þat he verray god is..And ilka cristyn man i-wisse May take þes greys in ilka thynge.
- c1430 Chaucer LGW (Cmb Gg.4.27)1313 : Sche knelyth..& proferyth hym to be His thral, his seruant in the leste gre.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)208 : Gre, or worthynesse: Gradus.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)402/46 : He ordeyned þat ech man þat prest wolde be scholde vndirfong þe ordres fro gre to gre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9626 : Þai grauntid Agamynon the gre for to haue, Ches hym for cheftain.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4901 : Þai slew, þai brent, þai robbed, þai reued..Þai spared na elde na gre.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)11/7 : John with his forsaid brother James was callyd and chosen by Crist vnto the gre of apostlehede.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1464 : Iareth þat was þe v gree [Vsp: kne; Göt: kin] fra Seth.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)23 : I sall yow schewe fro gre to gre..ffro Noe vnto Eneas.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.3317 : Tholome Was..Kyng of Egipt..Afftir whos name, descendyng doun be grees, Wer alle the kynges callid Tholomes.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)129 : Iareth..Þat was þe fyrste gre of sethe.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)67/1913 : Þe sibbe mowe to-gadere nauȝt Þe foerþe grees wyþ-inne.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.409 : Nigh kyn þey wil bee, Þey he passe an hondred gree [Higd.(2): whom a C degrees do separate].
d
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)90 : Y wolde grees of scolis to be take..whanne euer the persoone desiring the gree is able therto..and ellis not.
4.
(a) Phys., anat., & med. One of the four degrees of intensity of the primary qualities (hot, cold, moist and dry) [cp. degre 12]; the strength of a medicine with regard to one or more of these qualities; (b) astron. a degree of arc, 1/360 of a circle; (c) a division on a sundial; (d) a measure of length, ?a yard.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)76a/b : Wyn þat is newe wronge & I-pressed passiþ not þe ferste gree in hete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196b/a : Quyk siluer..is cleped hoot and moyste in þe ferþe gree, þough somme men deme þat it is cold in þe same gree.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)204b/a : Lede is colde and moyste in secounde gre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)313a/b : But colde compleccioun and druye in þe þridde gre wiþ þikke substaunce makeþ sourisch suche sauour as is in grene fruyte.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)86/13 : An inconuenient medicyn is amendid in considerynge þe complexioun of al þe body..& þe gre of þe medicyn.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)185b/a : The 8. chapitle of þe grees [*Ch.(1) degreez; L gradibus] of medecynes..A gree..is arerynge of some qualite of þe complexioun aboue temperaunce after þe hole distaunce þat is saide for þe þre merkes þat bene noght hole, þe whiche ben assignede in euery gree.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)108b/a : Eueryche signe is depertid in þritty grees and eueryche gree in sexti minutis, & eueryche mynute in sexti secoundes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)116b/a : Þe heued haþ his exaltacioun in þre grees of geminorum and his abatinge in þre grees of sagittarius.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.126 : Twenty grees was Phebus altitude.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4497 : Þe tail also aboue of þe Dragoun Is exaltat in þe þridde gre Of Gemyny.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)283 : Come forthe maister that loken vp so ferre With instrumentis of astronomy To take the grees & hight of eueri sterre.
- a1500(1426) Lydg.Hen.VI TP (Hrl 7333)319 : And of the Bulle also douteles By accomptes also twenty grees Entred was the hed of the Dragoun.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.21 : Synthius..Passit bot mydday foure greis evin.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.38.8 : And the sunne is turned aȝeen bi ten lynes, bi the grees [WB(2): degrees; L gradus] that it hadde go doun.
d
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)54/5 : Þe hill of Caluarie was a roche of xij grees [L gradus] of heithe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Clarke Lymmyng (Hrl 2253) 231/7 : Vppon eueruch stikke honge of þat þunne led, as þicke as þu miht, from gre to gre, so þat no degre touche oþer.
Note: Antedates sense 1.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.47ra (2.6) : Þe forsaide 12 signes astronomyens parten into gres, gres into minutz, & minutz into secundes, secundes into terces, & terces into quartes, quartes into quintes, & quintz into sextes.
Note: Additional quot., sense 4.(b).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. gree.