Middle English Dictionary Entry

governen v.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
To rule (a country, people, city, etc.) by exercise of sovereign or delegated authority; rule (the Church, a religious institution); -- (a) with or (b) without obj.
1b.
(a) To command (an armed force); (b) to direct (a choir).
1c.
To administer the affairs of (a household, a guild, an estate); administer (a legacy); oversee (a festival); manage or handle (a matter).
2a.
To exercise controlling or determining influence over (people, places, the course of events, etc.); rule, dominate, sway; -- said of: (a) God, a member of the Trinity, a pagan deity, etc.; -- also, without obj.; (b) reason, justice, virtues, vices, fortunes, a symbol of power, etc.; (c) the planets or constellations.
2b.
Of a bodily part or function: to control (another part or function); --also without obj.
3.
(a) To exercise personal control over (sb.), have (sb.) under protective guardianship or keeping; also, protect (sb., a church); god you govern, God keep you, etc.; --also without obj.; (b) to guide (sb.) in direction or course of action; (c) ?to treat (sb. in a certain way), act toward.
4a.
(a) To restrain (one's body, strength, love), control (youth), curb (one's tongue); (b) ben governed, to conduct oneself, act, behave; (c) wel-governed, self-controlled, well-behaved; ivel-governed, badly behaved.
4b.
Refl. (a) To control oneself, discipline oneself morally, exercise restraint or self-control; (b) to act, behave, conduct oneself (in a certain way); (c) ~ in gret arrai, to make a great mustering of armed forces.
5.
(a) To control (a mechanical contrivance); direct the working of, regulate; (b) to control the direction of (a ship); guide, steer, pilot.
6.
(a) To treat (sb., oneself, the body, etc.) with a certain regimen in order to preserve or restore health; (b) to tend (a plant).
7.
Gram. Of a verb: to require (a certain case in the subject or object); of a noun, adj., or pron.: require (a certain case in a dependent substantive); govern (a case).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1475 Peniarth Informacio(1) (Pen 356B)99/287 : For when I haue a nowne adiectyue, uerbe neutur, passyue, or hony of hor participuls, gerundyuis or supynnis betokenyng all, comyngin a resun before a wourde that betokenys part of that all, that worde þat betokenus parte of that all schall be set in þe accusatyue case and be gouerned be thys fegur: synodoges.
  • a1500 Add.37075 Formula (Add 37075)145/234 : Magistro docente pueri proficiunt. Þis word magistro is þe ablatyve case absolute, for whan I haue a reson of nown and participull or pronoun and participull wtoute any worde set owȝte wherof he may be gouernyd, yt shall be sett in the ablatyve case absolute, as Me sedente tu curris.
  • Note: Both postdatae sense
    Note: for 7.