Middle English Dictionary Entry
gōld n.
Entry Info
Forms | gōld n. Also glod, gol, goud, gould, guld; (errors) golden, ȝolde; (in cpds. only) golt-. |
Etymology | OE gold; also cp. OI gull, goll. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The metal gold; of ~, consisting of gold, made of gold; (b) gold and silver, etc.; (c) clene ~, cler ~, fin ~, pure gold, refined gold; parti ~, gold with considerable alloy; red ~, gold with a small alloy of copper to enhance its color; (d) beten (heuen) ~, gold hammered into a thin sheet or leaf; burned (burnished) ~, burnished gold; brend (brent, brennende) ~, gold refined by fire; also, burnished gold; yeten ~, poured gold, gold which is (or has been) molten; (e) in cpds. [some later quots. may have gold adj. with noun]: ~ fat, a golden vessel [OE gold-fæt]; ~ finer, a refiner of gold; ~ fretwe, gold ornaments [OE gold-frætwe]; ~ hoper, a maker of gold hoops or rings; -- only as surn.; ~ mestling, brass [OE gold-mæstling]; ~ ore, gold ore, gold metal [OE goldōra]; (f) fig. a precious thing; thildes ~, the gold of patience, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)82.26/1 : Olocryseis..eal þa [read: swa] gold scineþ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/25 : Þenne beoð..þa ȝymmæs toglidene & þæt gold tosceaken.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7432 : Þa þre kingess lakedenn Crist..Wiþþ recless & wiþþ gold & ec Wiþþ myrra.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6081 : Heo makeden ane tunne of golde and of ȝimme.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)100a : Þe an..ber a letuaire, þe oþer of gold a sticcke.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)83/102 : And te golde grewe so gras doþ on erþe.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)459 : His men he ȝat [?read: ȝaf] al..þat gold and þe riche þingues.
- a1350 A wayle whyt (Hrl 2253)2 : A grein in golde þat godly shon.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)140/2 : Þe more þet þet gold is clene, þe more hit wecþ.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.1.7 : That the prouyng of ȝoure feith be miche preciouser than gold that is proued bi fijr.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.443,444 : For gold in phisik is a cordial; Therfore he loued gold in special.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2537 : The Cuppe..was with gold and riche stones Beset.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/b : Þe fylyng of golde ytake in mete or in drynke or in medicyne..letteþ þe bredyng of lepre.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)536 : Whos statue stood in a char of golde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.5.196 : Every wikkid schrewe..is the more gredy aftir othir folkes rychesses..be it gold or precyous stones.
- (1434) Proc.Privy C.4 : Þe seide Tresorer and Chamberleyns have delivered to þe seide Cardynal a sweerd of goold.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1060 : He made joye & jewels hym rayȝte, Besauntes, byes of gold, broches & ryngys.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15160 : j broke ryng of gold.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4935 : I yeve..to Seynt Edmond and his schryne..my best herte of gold.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)2222 : So harde they striken theim betwene, That goolde and stones falle ther been.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)56b : Golde: Aurum..Grisis grece..Ebrisum [Monson: obrisum].
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)485 : Al of gold & of perre, thrid part þe world hit was worthy.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)82.26/5 : He clæne sie & hi bewriþe mid golde & mid seolfre.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)268 : He makeð men..to makien swucche maumez..of gold oðer of seoluer.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)209 : Þou ssalt habbe þi wil of fer & of gris, Of gold & of seluer, of al þat feir is.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)16 : Engelonde is vol..Of seluer or & of gold, of tyn & ek of lede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)35/18 : Þer is anoþer lenere corteys, þet leneþ..ine coupes of gold oþer of zeluer.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.313 : Gentile men vsede here rynges of gold and of siluer on þe fourþe fynger.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2564 : This Mineral..makth hem able..to receive Bothe in substance and in figure, Of gold and selver the nature.
- a1400 12 PTrib.(1) (Roy 17.B.17)56 : Þo goldsmythe hamer makis broode þo gold or þo siluer with oft smytyng.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1215 : A croce of sylv'r & gold.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)686 : Of sylvere and golde, there is the oore.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15162 : He weyethe clerely and justly of clene syluer and gold.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2749 : Veire and gryce we haue plente, Golde and syluyr and riche stones.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Hi..namen þat þet fotspure..þæt wæs eall of read golde.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/18 : Þeah we us scrydæn mid þam rædeste golde.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)41a : Lowr hit her, read gold, hwit seoluer!
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)83/101 : Þoh man hauede hundtseuenti akeres, an hes hauede sowen al mid rede glod [vrr. golde, ȝolde].
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)415 : Ȝoure assen isemed al of rede golde.
- c1330(?c1300) St.Patr.Purg.(1) (Auch)p.107 : Knottes of rede golde þer opon, and pinacles of cristal.
- (1339) Expense R.in Archaeol.9152 : Item, C/8 de Goldfyn..per parcell. 32 s., prec. C 4 s. Item, C/12 Gold parti..36 s., prec. C 3 s.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4181,4190 : Þe coupe was of rede golde..þe coupe of golde rede.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1569 : And a coler of cler golde clos umbe his þrote.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1111 : Þe Lombe byfore con proudly passe Wyth hornez seuen of red golde cler.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.37.17 : He made a candilstik, forgid of moost clene gold.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)9120 : Þe bygynges..of fyne gold war made.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.515 : The dore there-offen, it was red goold.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)152/35 : I wyl hym offere þe rede golde.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1192 : And of redd golde was hys fane.
- a1500 Chaucer CT.Kn.(Hrl 7333)A.2141 : Of ffyne [Heng: as any] gold.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8168 : All þe bære wass bileȝȝd Wiþþ bætenn gold & sillferr.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)181 : He is betere an hundred folde Þan all þeos in heore culur; He is idon in heouene golde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2162 : His sadel was of brend [vrr. brent, bournyd, heend] gold [vr. glod], newe ybete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4054 : And lyk the burned [vr. burnysshed] gold was his colour.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4339 : Ther swam a Schep tofore here yhen, Whos flees of burned gold was al.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.271 : I nolde cope vs with þi catel..For þe best boke in owre hous, Þeiȝe brent golde were þe leues.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)989 : Þe borȝ watz al of brende golde bryȝt.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1109 : Upon the tresses of Richesse Was sette a cercle..Of brend gold, that full lyghte shoon.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)397 : A bal of brennande [vrr. byrnande, brent] gold þe beste was on sette.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1387 : As burned [vrr. borned, bournyd] gold hyt shoon.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)276 : Out of his bosom he brayd a blesand table..Of bras & of brynt gold.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)607 : As any ȝare ȝeten gold ȝalow was þe tothire.
e
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/21 : Þa ricostæn haten heom ræste wurcean of marmanstane & of goldfretewum.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)550/34 : (A)uricalcum: goldmestling.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/7 : Hwar beoþ [nu] þeo goldfæten?
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)93a : Schrift..haueð þe ilke muchele mihten..doerewurðe oure gold or & ȝimmes of ynde.
- (1327) in Fransson Surn.134 : Joh. Goldehoper.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)207b/b : Ofte þe stoon lazulus is yfounde among siluer ore and among gold ore.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)41b/a : Take..of cathimia, i. golde vre, wasshen and brent [L cathimie vste & lote].
- (1437) Close R.Hen.VI113 : Johannes Tysse, goldfyner.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)693 : A juellere..brought from thens gold oore to us here.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)56b : Golde ffynere.
f
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2611 : Niss nan mahht rihht god inoh..Butt iff itt beo þurrh þildess gold All full wel oferrgildedd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6711 : Swa we muȝhenn offrenn himm Gastlike gold to lake.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)233/20,22 : Þanne byeþ þe þri cornes of þe lilye wel ygelt mid þe golde of charite..uor wiþoute þo golde no uirtue ne is beuore god.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.17 : Virgile souȝt gold of wit and wisdom in þe fen of Ennii þe poete.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)380 : He moste thinke yt is his lige man, And is his tresour and his gold in cofre.
2.
(a) Gold as used in money; besaunt of ~, manke of ~, mark of ~, etc.; (b) gold money; also, money of any kind; (c) ~ and silver, money, wealth; for ~ ne silver, etc.; ~ and gersum (garisoun), money and treasure; Danes ~, Danegeld; (d) ~ hord, treasure [OE]; ~ hous, a treasury building.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1066 : Geaf þa þone cyng xl marc goldes to sahtnysse.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)70 : Alse wel se þe þe haued goldes fele manke [vr. marke].
- a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)119 : Ihc onborȝede xxx marca goldes be leadwiȝte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.770 : Ther they founde Of floryns fyne of gold ycoyned rounde Wel ny an eighte busshels.
- a1400 12 PTrib.(1) (Roy 17.B.17)55 : A peny..lies for a hundrid marke of gold or of siluer.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3153 : Þis coroune he þee sent..And a þousande besauntz of golde.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.119/9 : They ofte..to offer oone Besaunte of goolde.
- (1478) Paston (Gairdner)6.4 : I have resevyd..a lettyr and a nobyll in gowlde therin.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)124/3 : Ic eow bidde..asmeȝen hwær heoræ wælan beoð bicumene, & heore gold.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8111 : Al þat wæl & al þat gold þe wes ȝeond al þeos kinges lond, hit wes al isomned.
- a1275 Judas (Trin-C B.14.39)23 : Wolte sulle þi lord crist for enes cunnes golde?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2017 : Ghe bed him gold and agte and fe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2254 : He schold winne his wareson..þurth þe grete god of golde þat him bi ȝiue schold.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2836 : Why woldestow be deed..And haddest gold ynow and Emelye?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1209 : Thanne moot another payen for oure cost Or lene vs gold, and that is perilous.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.558 : I wot the time is ofte cursed That evere was the gold unpursed.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.154 : Þanne was I..gladder þan þe gleman þat golde hath to ȝifte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5018 : Eneas was..Of gret power..And for his gold gretly magnyfied.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.400 : He that gooth, for gold or ricchesse, On swich message, calle hym what the list.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)92/38 : But drede þe not, dowtyr, for þer is gold to-þe-ward.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3136 : The syre of Melane..send to Arthure..Grete sommes of golde.
- a1450 Where-of is mad (Dgb 102)52 : Marchaundis..Bryngen wynnyng, gold and fee.
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A somme of gold.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)55/120 : And þow neuer so rych of golde and good.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)403 : Now schall y neuyr my golde spare.
c
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Ac þet ofer-com Rome þet ofer-cumeð eall weoruld, þet is, gold & seolure.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Micel hadde Henri king gadered gold & syluer, & na god ne dide me for his saule thar of.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)6/22 : Ȝif ic hit on mine anwealde næbbe, ne wondiȝe ic syððan ne for golde ne for seolfre þet ic ðine willæn ȝefremme.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6675 : Mann birrþ lakenn eorþliȝ king Wiþþ gold & ec wiþþ sillferr.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31067 : Penda wolde..bitechen me his sune, his gold and his gærsume.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)33/14 : Ne haue ðu hope te golde ne te seluer.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)797 : Nu ȝe..beoð isturet hidere for to beon mid gold & gersum igrette.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)6/15 : Ich cheose hire..& hire wule freohin wið gersum & wið golde.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)357 : He ne moucte no more liue For gol ne siluer ne for no gyue.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1413 : Wið gold and siluer and wið srud, Ðis sonde made ðe mayden prud.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)6/4 : Aye þise heste zeneȝeþ þo þet to moche louieþ hire guod, gold oþer zeluer.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1467 : Grete ȝiftes were giue, & of gold & of seluer.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.1.18 : Not bi corruptible gold or siluer ȝe ben brouȝt aȝen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.481 : Kyng Stephene..wolde forȝeve þe Danes golde [vr. Danegold; Higd.(2): Danegeld, a certeyn tribute paiede to the Danes].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.440 : I may preche And wynne gold and siluer.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1255 : Bot hit ar ladyes innoȝe þat leuer wer nowþe Haf þe..þen much of þe garysoun oþer golde þat..þay hauen.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)3400 : All þat euer forsakes..Wyfs & childer, syluer & glode, þai sall haue þerfore a hundreth fold.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1146 : Richesse myght..hym alwey sich plente sende Of gold and silver for to spende.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)155 : Also ȝif ony of the forseyd toun borowe goold or silver of other in the same toun.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)13801 : He ne sparede for silver ne goold, that plente of Sowdiours hauen he woold.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)575 : Ȝe geduren ȝou gret won of gol and of silver.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)37/2 : Rewarde youre good knyghtes with golde and with sylver.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)106 : He yaf..to hem that were averouse, golde and siluer.
d
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/22 : We maȝon þurh ðæt us gæderiȝen ðonne unateoriȝendlic goldhord.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)109 : Eft þe ðe deleð elmessan..bihut his gold hord on heouene riche.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)40/17 : Babilones men..wenden for te habben golthord [Roy: goldhord] ifunden.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)41a : Golthord [Nero: Golhord; Recl.: Gold hoorde] is goddede þe is to heouene ieuenet..þis world..is al biset of hellene mucheres, þe robbið alle þe golthordes [Nero: goldhordes] þet ha maken underȝeoten.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)155/8 : Deorewurðe ouer alle goldhordes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2118 : That on of hem seith that he mette Wher he a golhord scholde fette.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2004 : Undir the pyler..Ther hys a golde hord bygune.
- a1500 7 Sages(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)202/1021-2 : The kyng to hys golde hows toke hys way; To hys golde horde he went yn hye.
3.
(a) Gold thread, thread or fine wire of gold; also, silver thread gilded; embroidery or ornament made with such thread; ~ of Gene (Venise), gold thread (?or fabric) imported from Genoa (Venice); (b) cloth of gold; a garment of cloth of gold; ~ hemmed, bordered with cloth of gold; ~ of jacint, a blue or purple fabric interwoven with gold thread; (c) gold as a pigment, gold leaf used for writing, painting, or gilding; gold lettering; also fig.; ?some pigment resembling gold, ?gold leaf containing baser metals [quot.: FP]; (d) gold dishes, gold spurs; goldes, gold coins; (e) ~ beten, ornamented with gold; of armor, a chariot, sculpture:?inlaid with gold, ?gilded; of silk: embroidered or interwoven with gold thread; of a cushion:?embroidered with gold thread, ?covered with cloth of gold; ~ bigo(n, ~ breiden, ~ fou [OE goldfāg], ~ heu(en, ~ heuing, ornamented with gold; of weapons:?inlaid with gold, ?gilded; of clothing:?embroidered with gold thread, ?made of cloth of gold; ~ biloken, ~ ileired, of a shield:?rimmed with gold; ~ peinte, gilded; ~ woven, made with gold thread.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8175 : All wass itt off þe bettste pall..& all itt wass wundenn wiþþ gold & sett wiþþ deore staness.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25872 : Beoð þine feðer-heomen ihaneked mid golden [Otho: golde].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3151 : Þe baner is wiþ gold ydrawe [LinI: graue].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1404 : And brode baneres þerbi blusnande of gold.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)795 : Abowte hure myddel a seynt sche souȝt..Off silk and gold wounden in pal.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)837 : And in samet, with briddis wrought, And with gold beten ful fetysly, His body was clad.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)147 : A fret of goold she hadde next hyre her.
- (1432) Rec.St.Mary at Hill26 : A white vestement of o sewte with briddes & grefons of gold..a red vestement of satyn with lyons of gold of o sevte..a hole vestement of blu veluet with sterres & mones of golde.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1213 : F'yrst a sute of Blew imbroudyd with gold with Antlopp & byrdes of gold, the orffrayes with crownys and sterres of gold..a cope of Rede Sylk with the grond with white flowers & skalabes of gold.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)336 : The Janueys..bringe wyth hem..Coton, roche-alum, and gode golde of Jene.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)122 : He was gerede alle in grene, alle with golde by-weuede.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15149 : In primis the best suyt of grene with fleurys of gold.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.202 : An unce of gold of Venyse..di. unc' of gold of Gene, an unc' of sylk.
- (1474) Doc.Reynys in MP 14 (Tan 407)3 : A vestement of Red velvet pouderyd with floures of gold.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1427 : Þe messageres riȝt realy were arayde..al in glimerand gold.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3495 : She was al clad in perree and in gold.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.132 : She..Vndir hir robe of gold..yclad hire in an haire.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23452 : In þis lif haue men greet likyng..On wymmen..to biholde In cloþing als of riche golde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2395 : I gif þe, sir, þe gurdel þat is golde-hemmed.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2766 : He ȝaf to lordes..Clothes of Veluet, of Damask, and of gold.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4752 : It is a slowe, may not forbere Ragges, ribaned with gold, to were.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1201 : Upon a thikke palfrey..Sit Dido, al in gold and perre wrye.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)210/33 : Þu haddist a cuschyn of gold, an-oþer of red veluet, þe thryd of white sylke.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)262 : I wil yive hym a fether-bed, Rayed with gold and ryght wel cled.
- c1450 Earth(3) (Lamb 853)14/17 : So gooth erþe upon erþe al gliteringe in golde.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15149 : One chesyple of gold, poudred of yelowe and blue.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)122 : Asneth..hasted here forth..Clothed comely in bright byse..And wrought with goold of iacint a girdel of goold þer to.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)152/9 : I am þe comelyeste kynge clad in gleterynge golde.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)86 : He was arayed in ryche parell Of sylke and golde.
c
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.202 : An old man..hadde a book with lettres [vr. lettre] of gold in honde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/a : Among peyntours golde is chief and fairest in syght.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1344 : Þay are gilde al with golde and gered wyth sylver.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)211 : Þe hede of an elnȝerde þe large lenkþe hade, þe grayn al of grene stele & of golde hewen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2984 : Þou, Omer, maist with no colour, Þouȝ þou peinte with gold & with azour, In þi writyng his venym nat enclose.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)477 : Alle these thingis..With gold and asure over all Depeynted were upon the wall.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)141 : These vers of gold and blak iwriten were.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)206/36 : And sche saw in þe boke þe Trinite & al in gold.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2943 : Ther is a difference of colours in picture..Tween gold & gold, atween bis & asure.
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.30131 : Also a maser with a bande of gulde.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)566 : Breuely I schal conclude, omyttyng colourys, as off syluer and sabyl, Asure, gold, goulys, and verd, the ennamyllyngys in sundry maner, Off the vestyture off goddys.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)259 : Al hys halles I wol do peynte with pure gold.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1306 : For hit [a gate] was al with gold behewe.
- (1454) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 496 : Payede for golde to paynte the angell, vj s.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)855/11 : They founde lettirs newly wrytten of golde.
d
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1156 : He dude seruen Olympias Jn golde, in siluer, in brus, in glas.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5458 : Twa hundreth & ouire þus gafe vp þe gaste with gold on þai [read: þair] heles.
- 1478 Let.Cely (PRO S.C.1 53/21)41/33 (p.39) : They shall [hawe] ij many a gowldys, ij d. derar in an pesse than they dyde, that ys the crovne and the Ryn[ysh] gylderne, etc.
- (?1481) Doc.Cely in ES 42 (PRO C.47/37 File 15 f.20v)p.147 : Iij maner gowldys.
- 1482 Let.Cely (PRO S.C.1 53/140)187/19,28 (p.172) : Thes be the goldys and whyte mony that ffollowyth that ys apoynttyd ffor the payment, as they were corrant affore the Doches dyedd ffyrst: The new crowne, at v s. vj d.; the old crowne at v s. iij d., .. and as ffor any oder goldys and oder syluer, they wyll non.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1847 : Owr fermez & owre goldes, We may noght chalynge þaim ne clame.
e
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)3/4 : Ne [þea]rft þu on stirope stonden mid fotan, On nenne goldfohne bowe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9283 : Nom he his burne & his gold ileired bord.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26706 : Leien ȝeond þan ueldes gold-faȝe [Otho: goldfawe] sceldes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31406 : Nim gold-fah i-wede.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Dgb 86)219 : Ac wer beþ þenne his ringes..And his goltpeinte gloue?
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.452 : Also god me rede To were cloþes gold-bi-go.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5628 : In riche cloþes þai were schred wele, Þat were gold-broiden eueridel.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2500 : The sheldes brighte, testeres, and trappures, Gold hewen [vrr. hew, hewyng, beten] helmes, hauberkes, cote armures.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1032 : Her herneys was gold-beten sylk.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1229 : And down she sette hire by hym on a stoon Of jaspre, upon a quysshyn gold-ybete.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)4157 : He..clad me in a mantel of gold-woue werk.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)755 : Þe gold hewen helm haspeþ he blyue.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)24 : Theseus..in his char goldbete, Hom to his contre-houses is he come.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)141 : I with Cursu was dobbide knyghte, My golde-brayden brande.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)8055,8057 : Hys targe, þat was golde belokyn, Hyt was all tofruschyd and brokyn; To þe bokull, þat was golde begone, He made hys bronde to go anon.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)188 : Louely ladies..leyen by her sydes In many gay garmentes þat weren bold-beten.
4.
In phrases: (a) of ~, ornamented with gold, embroidered with gold thread, gilded, written in gold letters, having a fleece of gold; (b) cloth of ~, cloth of gold, a piece of cloth of gold, a garment of cloth of gold.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.979 : And by his baner born is his penoun Of gold ful riche.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Bar.6.69 : So ben her goddis of tree, and of siluer, and of gold [L inaurati].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.292 : And who so wolde..This Ram of golde wynnen by victorie, Firste he moste, [etc.].
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)888 : Opon a sawter al of gulde, To say þe salmes fast sho bigan.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)193 : Þe anngel..bad her gon..to þe gate of gold.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)52 : Þanne of-saw he..þat semliche child..cloþed ful komly..In gode cloþes of gold.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1582 : William..him atyred Gayli in cloþes of glod.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2872 : Theseus hath ysent After a beere, and it al ouerspradde With clooth [vr. clothis] of gold, the richeste that he hadde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.137 : Chapmen riche..senten..Clothes of gold and satyns.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1117 : In a clooth of gold..they into halle hir broghte.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)371 : Þe chaumbre was myd cloþes [LinI: cloþ] of golde Byhenged.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3085 : Opon a clath of gold he lay.
- (1432) Rec.St.Mary at Hill26 : A cloth of gold cald a fertour, þe champ red..a sengil vestyment of white cloth of gold.
- (1439) Will York in Sur.Soc.3071 : Quidam pannus vocatur cloth of gold.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1214 : A sute of white damask clothe of gold.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1215 : Also ij clothes of gold, the grund of Rede Baudkyn.
- (1448) Pet.Hen.VI in Archaeol.167 : For a sute of white cloth of Gold of sipris.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)3017 : That Cite was wonne..Fulle of tresour..And clothes of goolde wroght of Saresynes.
- (1454) *Invent.Gild Stratford (ShakMuseum 184, 187)184 : It', j cloth of goolde, lynyd with blew carde.
- (1467) Will York in Sur.Soc.45159 : Orfray de rede clath of golde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)23/5 : They were in a place covirde with clothys of golde.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)715 : They..sette hym on A Riche bedde, That sprad was with a clothe of gold.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2751 : Veire and gryce we haue plente..Clothys of golde of grete pryce.
5.
(a) The color of gold; something that has the color and glitter of gold; (b) ~ burned, shining like burnished gold; ~ tressed, golden haired; fig. of the sun or sunbeams: shining like gold.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2220 : Phebus hath of gold his stremes doun sent.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)213 : As schorne golde schyr her fax þenne schon.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)80/15 : Þe moste louable wyn..whos colour ys gold, lyk þat ys meen bytwen reed and ȝalwe.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2645 : Ful briȝt gan to shyne Firy Titan, gold-tressed in his spere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.8 : The gold-ytressed Phebus..Thries hadde..The snowes molte.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)55/10 : Phebus þe sonne..muste descende and baþe his golde tressid hornes in þe westryne walis [read: wawes].
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)34 : The floures..gunne for to sprede..Ageyn the sunne, golde-borned in hys spere.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Guy (LdMisc 683)289 : Whan briht Phebus, with his goldtressed bemys, [etc.].
6.
Her. (a) The tincture gold or yellow in bearings, a coat of arms, etc.; or; (b) goldes, ?error for goules.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)663 : On his schene schelde schapen watz þe knot..wyth red golde vpon rede gowlez.
- (1443) in Hope Gram.Heraldry100 : Gowles iij egles of gold betwene a feesche chekke of gold and asure.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)134 : The sailes were of rede Sendelle..The Armes displaied of Laban Of Asure and foure lions of goolde.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)190 : He bare a Chek of goulis clere, An Egle of goolde abrode displayed.
- (1456) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers26 : On the cheueron, three swevells of golde.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.3 (Hrl 2169)194 : The feld aseure, the griffon in the felde rampand all of golde.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.3 (Hrl 2169)198 : The feld of gold, the dowbyll tressore flourte all gowlys, the lyone of the same.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.5188 : John Molsoo beryth sylvyr iij flourdelys of gold.
- (1461) Grant Arms in Hrl.Soc.77 (Add 14295)192 : Hee bears Azure, A Cheveron of golde betwene three brode arrowe heads of the same.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)32/32 : Be than com into the felde kynge Ban as ferse as a lyon, with bondis of grene and thereuppon golde.
- c1475 Sln.4 Recipes in Rel.Ant.1 (Sln 4)324 : There he [read: be] but ij metallys and v colours yn all blasyng of armes, that ys to say, sylver and gold metalles, sabyls..and verte colers.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1030 : He bare, Aserre, a grype of golde.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1186 : He bare of Aser, a schyp of golde.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)475 : Knowe ye not hym..that gripeth the grete spere vnder the shelde of goolde and azur, ther-ynne a lyon rampaunt?
b
- (1445-6) in Hope Gram.Heraldry100 : Sylver iij oxen sabull armyd with gooldys, a cheveryn of the same.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)554/24 : Than the shylde was brought forthe, and the fylde was gouldes with a kynge and a quene therein painted.
7.
Alch. The metal of the sun, natural gold; also, the principle of gold-making; some kind of essence found in earth, the soul, etc.; ~ of alkami, gold artificially made from baser metals; ~ of the mine, ~ naturel, natural gold; leprous ~, lead; maken ~, to produce gold by alchemy.
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2468 : The gold is titled to the Sonne.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.826 : Sol gold is, and Luna siluer.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.1220-3 : The merciful gold [of] Phebus..Was set aside..Leed, of philisophres, is callid gold leprous.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)3/13,15,21 : Þis is verry gold of þe myn, of þe erþe, or of þe floodis gaderid, for gold of alkamy maad with corosyues distroieþ kynde..and þerfore good gold naturel, & of þe myn of þe erþe, is clepid of philosophoris 'sol' in latyn..And oure sol, þat is, fyn gold of þe myne, schal make it [quintessence] fair.
- a1500 in Singer Cat.Alchem.1.325 : And to makyd goude wyth Iubiter he most ben in mixture, and sol of him then most have the cure.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)46a : For lyke as fire of brening the principle is, So is the principle of gilding gold, I-wise.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)53b : They saine They can make fyne gold of tynne.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)60a : Therfore thy golde withe golde thow muste ferment, with his owne watter clensid, I meane..Erth is gold, so is the soule also.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)464 : The fifte saide, 'I was syluer..nowe ame I golde, excellent, better then the myne.'
8.
In proverbs, etc.: al is not ~ that shineth, etc.; mid silvren stikke, etc., one digs gold with a silver stick, one gets rich by spending a little silver; when I woue gold in mi glove, a wooer must be free with his money.
Associated quotations
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.15 : Mid selvrene stikke me shal gold graven.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.500 : This figure he added eek ther to: That if gold ruste, what sholde iren do?
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.563 : He [the miller] hadde a thombe of gold.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.156 : Salomon..likneth a fair womman that is a fool of hire body lyk to a ryng of gold that were in the groyn of a sowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.962 : But al thyng which that shyneth [vr. semeth] as the gold Nys nat gold.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.224 : And so men hav tauȝt comunli þat men shulden not holde al gold þat shyneþ as gold.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2944 : Al is not gold that shyneth briht.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.MRose (Hrl 2255)12 : Al is nat gold that outward shewith bright.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)272 : Hyt is not al gold that glareth.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.55 : When I wowe, golde in my gloue.
- c1475-c1500 Looke well (Skeat)25 : Al is nat gold that shyneth!
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)306 : Alle is nat gold that shewith [vr. shyneth] goldissh hewe.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)156/23 : Hit is not al golde that Shynyth as golde.
- a1500 Solomon seyth (Trin-C O.9.38)30 : God schall be god when golde is gone.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)55/48 : For every glittring thing is nat gold.
9.
In surnames & place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.205].
Associated quotations
- (1166) in Pipe R.Soc.996 : Walterus Gold.
- (1229) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames79 : Thom. de la Goldhord.
- (1242-3) Bk.of Fees862 : Walterus Goldhord.
- (1270) Close R.Hen.III190 : Johannis Golde.
- (1277) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 41101 : Geoffrey Goldhord.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16122 : Adam Goldeman.
- (1313) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)730 : Golthordes.
- (1331) EPNSoc.13 (War.)175 : Goldhord croft.
- (1332) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames79 : Rob. ate Goldhorde.
- (1334) in Wallenberg PNKent68 : Ate Goldhulle.
- (c1350) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)227 : Goldepitslade.
- (1402) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)166 : Goldramenesbregge.
- (1403) EPNSoc.11 (Sur.)275 : Goldhordland, [Nrf.].
- (1425) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)197 : Goldhordescros.
- c1479-1503(1236-7) Cal.Bristol in BGAS 26116 : William Golde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. gold.