Middle English Dictionary Entry
glōsen v.
Entry Info
Forms | glōsen v. Also gloise, glosie, glos(sen & (?) glọ̄se. P.ppl. i)glosed & glose. |
Etymology | ML glossāre & OF gloser. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To gloss (a text, a word), comment on, interpret, explain, paraphrase; -- also without obj.; sauter glosed, a Psalter with running commentary; (b) to interpret (a text) falsely; (c) to explain or describe (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1180 : He shal no gospel glosen heer ne teche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3786 : This tale nedeth noght be glosed, For it is openliche schewed, [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.26 : Men may dyuyne and glosen, vp and doun, But wel I woot..God bad vs for to wexe and multiplye; That gentil text kan I wel vnderstonde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.57 : I fond þere Freris..Gloside [vrr. Gloseden, Glosys, Glosynge] þe gospel as him [read: hem] good likide.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.11 : A pece of an harde roche, Wher-on was writen two wordes, on þis wyse y-glosed.
- c1400(c1382) Wycl.PRSchism.(Dub 244)258 : In oure dayes seiþ Antecristis clerkis þat..beþ boþe his testamentis falseste of alle oþere; and herfore men schulde glose hem aftir her owne wille, and þe wordis of þes glosatouris passiþ Goddis lawe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7/303 : What lede leyueþ þat ich lye, loke in þe sauter glosed; Ther he shal wite witerliche what vsure is to mene.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)48 : A sauter glosid of Richard Ermyte.
- a1425 This blessyd boke (LdMisc 286)23 : Richard Hampole..Glosed the sauter that sues here.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)85b/b : Þe glosaturez of hem glosed þus.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)254 : Thow mayst it nat denye, For in pleyn text, it nedeth nat to glose, Thow hast translated the Romauns of the Rose.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)77/63 : So þanne dere child to knowyn hem alle sefne to-gedere, j ȝeue þe hem here glosid in a lytil vers.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)47 : The..moral philsophie..being so necessarie forto expowne or interprete or glose dewli and treuly Holi Scripture.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)384 : Clerkis & religious folke..willen glose here & say þat þai occupien not siche lordeschipis in propir..but in comoun.
- (1453) Will York in Sur.Soc.30190 : Ane Englissh boke of the Pater Noster, glosid, with Matynes of the Passion.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.39.83a : I haue good cause..to cessen of this matier, for no more men may glosen with owt tixte than bilde withowt matier.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)585 : Swiche a gome godes wordes grysliche gloseþ; Y trowe he toucheþ nouȝt þe text, but takeþ it for a tale.
b
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)345 : Lere me to som man my Crede for to lerne, Þat..loueþ no synne, And gloseþ nouȝt þe godspell.
c
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)495 : Another witte I sall the glose: What gude or catell at þou lose, [etc.].
2.
(a) To obscure the truth of (a matter), falsify (a statement), gloze over; (b) ppl. glosed, of words, a sentence: falsely embellished; faire ~; (c) ppl. glose, of a person: falsely represented, disguised.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1254 : Of such entaile If that thin herte be disposed, Tell out and let it noght be glosed.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5097 : Fleshly delit is so present With thee, that sette all thyn entent Withoute more (what shulde I glose?) For to gete and have the Rose.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11468 : If þai hade wille to þe werke, wete hom to say, With-outyn gawdyn or gyle, glose hit not lengur.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2093 : So pleyne þei seme with wordis fair glosed, But vnder-nethe her couert wil is closed.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3786 : Ech man reioyssheth (this sentence is nat glosid) To doon swich thyng to whiche he [is] disposid.
c
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.26 : The world..I may reysemble wele To a thefe that came, both faynd and glose, And when thou wenyst he be as trow as styelle, He sonnyst dyssaywyth the.
3.
(a) To use fair words, talk smoothly or courteously; speak with blandishment, flattery, or deceit; (b) to address (sb.) with fair or deceptive words; speak smoothly to (an animal); cajole, flatter; also, to coax (sb.); (c) ppl. glosing, flattering, deceptively pleasing; in phrase glosing chere, ? fawning attitude, deferential posture, obsequious manner; or ? expressive demeanor, ?speaking gesture.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10498 : Þe king glosede her & þer, & made it somdel touȝt, Ac þo it com to þe strengþe he nolde it graunti nouȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)60 : So, forto seiȝ al þe soþe, so faire þe cherl glosed þat þe child com of þe caue, & his criynge stint.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Esth.15.11 : The king..with these woordis gloside [WB(2): spak faire; L blandiebatur], 'What hast thou, Ester?'
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6537 : He can..so wel feigne, and so wel glose, That ther ne schal noman suppose Bot that he were an innocent.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2531 : Who that couthe glose softe And flatre, suche he sette alofte In gret astat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3973 : The Steward..thoghte glose in this matiere..Thus was the Stieward favorable, That he the trouthe plein ne tolde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2351 : Ladyes, I pray yow that ye be nat wroth; I kan nat glose, I am a rude man.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28424 : And glosed i haue, and spoken fayre, O men in tent to win o þair.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2601 : For trewly ȝe..In bewte han a prerogatyfe, Passyng echon, me liste not for to glose.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4788 : Kyng Priamus Was..Devoid of drede, hatyng flaterye, And alle þat koude ouþer glose or lye.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3834 : Phelyp to hym was cumpanyable; He gan to glose, and make ffable, And þankyd hym wiþ glad semblaunt.
- a1500 How GMan(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)113 : I wyll neyther glose ne paynte, But warne the on an other syde.
- a1500 7 Sages(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)201/851 : Hys wyfe came to hym on hye, And began to kysse hym and to glosye.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5575 : So he glosed þe douk in þat stede..Þat he him graunted his talent.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)306b/16 : Þis forseide Juwes..Glosede þe kyng, wiþ muchel fare, Þat he wolde ȝiue hem leue to gange Out of þat wildurnesse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.34 : Of me, certeyn, thow shalt nat been yglosed.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.509 : So wel koude he me glose Whan that he wolde han my bele chose.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3409 : Ȝyf þou haue grete desyre To be clepyd lorde or syre, For to glose þe..And to haue þe wurdys of wurschyp.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)19/11 : Leir..saide þo..'my ij doughtres me glosede þo, and now of me þai sette litle pris.'
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.14.15 : Thei seiden to the wijf of Sampson, 'Glose [WB(1): faage to; L blandire] thin hosebonde, and counseile hym, that he schewe to thee what the probleme signyfieth.'
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)17826 : Thow ne brynges hit to no purpos; Loke that thow vs no-thyng glos, And brynge vs slely In a bek.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.778 : Now glose hem [oxen] feire..And stroke hem nose and bak.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)96/8 : His eem..glosyd him to hym wyth fayre woordys, & dyde hym sytten by him.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)35/19 : He spake with a dameselle..and glossed hir with wordes, and said that he loued hir myche.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.315 : Thow scholde not glose [L adulares] kynge Dionisius.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)55b : To Gloyse, vbi to fage: glosulare, glosare.
- a1500 Craft Dying (Rwl C.894)417 : When kynge Ezechi lay seke & vpon þe poynt of deþe, he glosed hym not, ne vsed no simulacion to hym.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)53 : They that glosen the and praysen the, dysseyuen the, and they that tellen the þe truthe..they louen the.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10218 : Þo hii come hii nadde of him bote is olde wone, Glosinde wordes & false.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)5.138 : Ne gete my grace þorw eny gyft ne glosyng speche.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)17/7 : My sustres haue tolde ȝow glosyng wordes; but for-soþe y shal tel ȝow trueþ.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.3.71 : Tho feffedestow Fortune with glosynge wordes and desceyvedest hir.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)39 : In colouryng off alle this wronge, he behilt, with ffeyre speche and glosynge wordes, vnto the Erchebisshop.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)45 : A childe may nat savere but the thinges that ben plesing and glosyng vnto him.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2319 : Scheo [Cordelia] seyd nought glosyng til [vr. glosand to] his wille.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)68a : Wiþ oute eny feynynge or flaterie glosyng, he moot ofte trete and counsaille wiþ hem.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)17.725 (v.1:p.174) : Two huge lyons .. whan thei come the body nere, With her tailes thei made a glosyng chere, And aftire thei leid hem his fete by, And lowde begunne to rore and cry.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.297 : William succedid, a myȝhty man in the worlde, and promotede by his glosynge speche.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)105 : Þei are..scarsist geuars, glosandist flaterars, and bitandist bacbitars.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)130/14 : Ȝe mow wyth glosyng wordys desayve me.