Middle English Dictionary Entry
gā̆r-lē̆k n.
Entry Info
| Forms | gā̆r-lē̆k n. Also -lẹ̄k, -lẹ̄, -lī, -lec, -lech, -lecke, -leic, -lekke, -lic, -liec, -lik, -luc & gorlec. |
| Etymology | WS gār-lēac, A gār-lēc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Garlic (Allium sativum); also, a bulb or a clove of garlic; clove of ~, one of the small bulbs making up a bulb of garlic; (b) wilde ~, some uncultivated member of the genus Allium; prob. ramson (A. ursinum); also, the water germander (Teucrium scordium); tame ~ = (a); (c) in proverbial sayings.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)11/29 : Wring þanne garleyc inne þa earre alche dæȝ.
- a1300 Hrl.978 Vocab.(Hrl 978)558/17 : Alleum, i. ail, i. garlec.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)105 : Hi bringeþ garlek gret plente.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.634 : Wel loued he garlek [vrr. garleek, garlik, garlike], oynons, and eek lekes.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.155 : I haue peper and piane and a pound of garlek [vr. garlyk].
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.31 : Take Colyandre..Powdour of Peper and garlec ygrounde in rede wyne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)95/16 : He muste leeue..al salt þing & acute þing, as garleek, oynonys, & vynegre.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Num.11.5 : Into mynde come to vs the goordis, and the peponys..and the vniowns, and the garlekes [L allia].
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)662/12 : Hoc alleum: garly.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)644/28 : Hoc alleum: garle.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)26a : Garlek ys hote and drye þe fourthe degre.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)82 : Þei sillen a faat goos for litel or nouȝt, but þe garlek costiþ many shillyngis.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)195 : Of eche chef or summe of garlic [F autz] or cocayle, ob.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)187 : Garlekke: Allium.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)3/20 : Take a cloue of garleke.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)47/31 : Sethe rew in wyn & temper þer-with gareleke & anoynte þer-with þe arme or þe schanke þat is sare.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)129/27 : Alium is an herbe þat men clepe garlek or cherlys tryacle.
- ?a1450 Ashm.Cook.Bk.(Ashm 1439)109 : Take percelye, grapis, clowes of garleke, and salte, and put it in þe goos, and lete roste.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)185/1 : He sett befor þaim sture brede & salte..and he sett befor a little aysell & garlykk.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)322/615 : Summe seyn, þer arn lekys fywe, But þe beste þat is on lywe: Garlec þe ton, lec þe toþer; Squirle[c] is þe grete broþer; Gracia dei, þat growyth in mede; Affodylle þe fyfte schrede.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)108/27 : Ȝif here to etyn ā clowe of garlek.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.53 : Ete hit þou may With lyver and garlek.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)536 : Roost beeff & goos with garlek, vinegre, or pepur.
- a1500 Dresd.Gloss.434 : Allium: garlech.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)214b/b : Of garlek is double maner of kynde, wilde and tame. Þe wilde is y-clepid scordioun.. þe flour þerof schal be gadered and y-do in medicynes..of tame garleek we vseth most þe heedes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)62b/a : Þer suffiseþ domestic attractyuez & maturatiuez, as beþ onyons, wilde garlecke & tame.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)53b/a : The fourþe fourme..is take of þe roote of affodil, i. wylde garlik [L radices affodillorum].
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)313a/a : Þough no good ordour be contrary to þe oþer; ȝit som stynche is contrary to oþer stynche, for stynche of garleke dryueþ awey þe stynche of a donghille.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2040 : This olde opinion ye may teach your brother..stynch of garleke voideth stynch of dong hilles.
2.
(a) In cpds. & combs.: garlek(es hed, a bulb (?or clove) of garlic; ~ lek, ?a garlic bulb; ~ man, one who raises or sells garlic; ~ mongere, ~ sellere, a seller of garlic; ~ morter, a vessel for grinding garlic; (b) as a surname; (c) ~ hithe, a district in London; ~ shire, humorous corruption of prec.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/3 : Nim garluces heafud swa ȝehæl mid felle and mid ealle and bærne hit to axan.
- (1275-6) Let.Bk.Lond.A (Gldh LetBk A)226 : John Arnold, garlecmongere.
- (1280) in Fransson Surn.69 : Thom. le Garlekmongare.
- (1292) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.106 : Luke le Garlecmongger.
- (1319) in Ekwall 2 Lond.Sub.R.(Lund 1951)257 : De Galfrido le Garlikmonger, vij d.
- (1347) in Madox Form.Angl.(1702)361 : Ricardo Garlekmongere de Norhampton.
- (1355) R.Arms Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.14301 : Hamo garlicman cum baculo & cutell'.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.373 : Godefray þe garlek-mongere.
- (1411) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms44 : Joh. Garlekman.
- (1415) Invent.Agincourt in Archaeol.70100 : j Garlek morter.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.748 : Out of his contre first he dide fleen, Of garlec lekis, as seith the cronycleer, Because that he was but a gardener.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)76/197 : Take a garlike hede and rost it..and ete it with goode purid hony.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)135/17 : Tak garlek-hedys, and sethe hem weel in clene water.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)150 : A Garleke seller: Allearius.
b
- (1209) Pipe R.Winch52/49 : Rad. Garliec.
- (1255) Abbrev.Plac.Hen.III143 : Alicia Garlek.
- (1265) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.222 : Humphrey Gorlec.
- (1303) Pat.R.Edw.I126 : Elias Garlik.
- (1327) Sub.R.Wor.in Wor.HS (1895)35 : Thomas Garleke.
- (1346) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.1.4 : Thomas Garlek.
c
- (1307) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.192 : [The parish of S. James] de Garlekheth.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.167 : Godfrei of Garlesschire [vr. garlekiþe].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.324 : Godfrey of garlekehithe [vr. garlek-hethe] and gryfin þe walshe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1432) *Acc.R.Witham () Witham (court held at Newlonde) Epiph. 10 Henry 6 : [Defendant in plea of debt distrained by goods] i bredknyf..iii spon lign', i garlekmorter lign', i ladyl lign'.
Note: New ex. (a)