Middle English Dictionary Entry
ful adv.
Entry Info
Forms | ful adv. Also fol, vul, vol. |
Etymology | OE ful(l. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. fulli.
1.
Completely, entirely, fully; sufficiently, satisfactorily; ful and hol; so ful and so forth, as fully and as far; ful west, due west; ful and bi!, (sail) close to the wind!-- (a) with verb; (b) with ppl.
Associated quotations
a
- (1155) Chart.Hen.II in Hall EME (Hrl Charter 3.B.49)12/11 : Þæt hi beon ælc þare lande wurþa þe hi eafdon en Edwardes kinges deȝe..swa ful & swa ford swa mine agene Wicneres hit sechan scolden.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)6/11 : Ȝyf heo [men] fulweoxon on wunelicre ylde.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)222 : Þis freres i-seiȝen fule þo þat an Aungel it was.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)33 : Huo þet serueþ and naȝt uol serueþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.7 : We mowe nouȝt ful preyse hem.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.25 : My lord and I been ful of oon acord.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3396 : Forto make ous full believe That he was verrai goddes Sone.
- (1402) Let.Zouche in RES 8 (PRO E 101/512/10)261 : Wat hende þat Frome and ȝe makz with hym, ful and hol I wol stonde þerto.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1136 : Who shal hym silfe ful assure?
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3339 : Al that euere I haue Is ful and hool at ȝour comaundement.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Josh.6.5 : The wallis of the cyte shulen ful [WB(2): alle] doun falle.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1.102 : Graunte he mote hit ful deserve.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)163/26 : Whanne þou consentyst ful to þe dede of leccherie.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)251/24 : A crofte..afore the yate..that a diche full closeth hit.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)7/24 : Þer-fro stant..Ireland fulle West.
- c1500 PFulham (Trin-C R.3.19)129 : What worde to sey he [the loodsman] is in doute, Eyther 'warae the lof', or ells 'full and by'.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1083 : Hi comon..full gewepnede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16323 : Godess temmple..Þatt wass i sexe ȝeress..fulltimmbredd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16377 : Godess temmple timmbredd wass & all fullbrohht til ende.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)41/2 : He þo ful þogene turneð to godes bihouþe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26044 : Ær þe king hæfde þæs ful isæide.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)107 : We ssolle by zuo uol dronke of þine loue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.22.5 : My chalis makende ful drunken [WB(2): fillinge greetli; L inebrians].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.187 : Whan þe temple was ful bulde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1178 : The pourpos was full take and spoke.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.607 : Sche hath hem with hire wordes wise Of Cristes feith so full enformed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)142a/a : Or here wynges be ful I growe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232a/a : Whanne þe humour is ful digeste.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15389 : Of envi ful kindeld vp he ras.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)64/7 : Til þat þe wounde be ful clensid.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3361 : Schippis..Ful vitailled of al þat may hem nede.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.24.5 : The boonus ben ful sothen [WB(2): sodun; L discocta].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)26/27 : It scholde ben..als full enhabyted with folk as in other places.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1635 : They been acorded ful bytwixe hem two.
- (1434) EEWills100/4 : Aftur my dettus byn ful payed.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)15a : When þei ben ful armed.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)114b : Wiþ a ful blowynge [L secundo] wynde þe flete..cometh in-to hauene þat he coueiteþ..wiþ a contrarie wynde he is dryue to stonde and ryde stille.
- a1500 Craft Dying (Rwl C.894)417 : Þat he dye a verry trew cristen man & full beleuyd.
2.
With numerals and noun phrases containing numerals: (a) in all, fully, ?at least; (b) exactly.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11210 : Recneþþ he þe kinn Off Cristess mennisscnesse Þurrh weress fulle fowwerrtiȝ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12032 : Inne sæ heo weoren iuaren uulle seoue ȝeren.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)26206 : For aȝen þine tweie he habbeþ folle twalue.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2483 : Ful seuene nigt he ðer abiden.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1102 : Of proude princes sones..Fulle foure schore.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.433 : Alisaundre..takeþ grete prayes ful þritty dayes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2204 : Of goldringes..Buisshelles fulle thre..He felde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29049 : Quen he fasted ful fourti days.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5163 : With Achilles cam fifti ful by noumbre.
- c1500(1463) Ashby Pris.(Trin-C R.3.19)64 : Full fourty yere.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)327b/a : Þries fyue makeþ ful fiftene.
3.
As an intensive particle with verbs, ppls., and verb phrases rendering L verbs with prefix ex-, in-, per-, con-.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)2 Par.32.18 : With a grete crie..he ful out sounnede [L personabat].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.2.11 : Ful out gladeth to hym [WB(2): make ȝe ful ioye; L exsultate].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.3.6 : I sleep..and ful out ros [WB(2): Y roos vp: L exsurrexi].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.17.9 : Fyr fro his face ful out brente [WB(2): brente out; L exarsit].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.22.2 : In the place of leswe where he me ful sette [WB(2): hath set; L collocavit].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.2.14 : Thei that..ful out ioȝen [L exsultant] in werst thingus.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.15.29 : The orisouns of riȝtwis men he shal ful out heren [L exaudiet].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.3.3 : The dom of the moder ful out sechende [L exquirens].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.3.4 : Who looueth God shal full out preȝen [L exorabit] for synnes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.40.13 : As gret thunder in reyn thei shul sowne ful [L personabunt].
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.31.36 : For what my trespas..hast thow thus fulbrent [WB(2): come so fersly; L exarsisti] after me?
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)2 Kings 2.28 : Joab fulsownede [WB(2): sownede; L insonuit] with the trompe.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Deut.32.15 : Ful fat maad is the loued..ful fattid [L incrassatus], ful gresid [L impinguatus], outlargid.
- a1425 Primer (Add 36683)110 : Thin halewis ful out glade thei [L exultent].
4.
As an intensive particle with adjs.: (a) very, quite, most; (b) with comp. of adjs.: much; (c) with indef. numerals: very (many).
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.870 : Macedon hit þa þet ær wæs ful rice þa hit wearð to nan þing.
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1124 : Ful heui gær wæs hit.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10355 : Wiþþ all full openn spæche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11071 : He wes uule liðe.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)75 : His eien beð ful brihte.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)12b : Þe heorte is a ful wilde beast.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)10 : Clerc he wes foul goed.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2014 : Doȝter one þat him vol lef is.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)983 : A ful long while.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.5.15 : Ther shal be ful crookid [L incurvabitur] a man.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.101 : Þat hul is ful hiȝe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3000 : With fulwoful teres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232a/b : Sixe ful whyte [L candidissimis] leues.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)244/27 : Baþinge is ful [L multum] noious.
- a1425 Benj.Minor (Hrl 1022)170 : Þe vertu of discrecion is fulnedefull to be hade.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1458 : Cowpes foul clene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.36 : A tre of ful gret heȝt.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)127/21 : O thou fulglorious Sonne, fulryghtful Emperoure.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Josh.23.1 : Josue now..of ful old age [L persenilis ætatis].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Kings 14.31 : The puple was maad ful wery [L defatigatus].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)10/1 : Costantynoble is a full [vr. riȝt; F mult] fair cytee.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)fol.Oa/a : Þe ful clere [L preclaro] studie.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55643 : To ȝou full honurable Maistur and ful Worshipfull bretheron.
- (c1447) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35259 : Ȝowr fuldevoute oratrice, þe Universite of the study of Oxenford.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)89 : The very and ful dewist vndirstonding of eny oon of hem [parables].
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)133/26 : My ful ynnest priuey willyng is þat ȝe haue þis tresour for ȝouris.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)28/15 : Þese temporall godes..biþ ful [L valde] uncertein.
b
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)768 : In Loreyn her notes bee Full swetter than in this contr.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)54/14 : Men don full grettere reuerence to his lettres.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.48.17 : Ful fewe [L perpauca] folc.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)fol.Oa/b : Ne I haue noȝt added any þing of myn ovne bot ful fewe [L forte paucissima].
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)52.974 : Ful Many A day.
5.
As an intensive particle with adverbs: (a) very, quite; with comp. adv.: much; (b) ful i)wis, to ful iwis, most certainly, assuredly, surely, indeed; (c) ful ȝare, very well, ?promptly; ~ helt, very probably; ~ negh, ~ ner, well-nigh, almost, nearly; ~ right, in full, ?outright; ~ wel, very well, well enough.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)72/19 : He spæc..ful andrædlice.
- c1175 Body & S.(1) (Bod 343)10 : Þe rof bið ibyld þire broste ful neh.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9633 : Forrþi wærenn þeȝȝ full rihht Bitacnedd þurrh þe lawe.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)6 : Ful sare ich me adrede.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)30/321 : Schawið ful sutelliche.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34a : Þah he wurpe hit ful hearde aȝeines his heorte.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)8 : Sitte þer ful longe.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2315 : A swerd ful swiþe brith.
- a1350 Of a mon (Hrl 2253)8 : He sende hem þider fol son.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)894 : Sikende ful sadly.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.97 : Ful proudely.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.237 : Harold..hiȝed ful faste [vr. wel vast].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.41 : Fulofte a day..I am so with miselven wroth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2322 : Januarie that..Syngeth ful murier than the papeiay.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)59b/a : Þerin it is I tretid of vryne ful parfitliche [L perfectissime].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)326/26 : A box in her haunche..þat wole not fulliȝtliche out of þe ioinct.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.70 : Þei shal þan bie it ful dere.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)185/15 : Bryddes þat songen full delectabely.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)43a/b : Þat noyeþ ham full mykell [L valde].
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)217 : Petir behelde hym fulbesyly..& wepid full tendirly.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)78/23 : Oure maner of lyffynge es full ferre dyuerse fra ȝours.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1356 : Jesu Crist iss ful iwiss Soþ Godd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8685 : Ȝho wass hire sellf full wiss God widdwe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17964 : Þiss blisse iss min, la fuliwiss.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19433 : Na, fuliȝwiss, ne sahh himm nan Wiþþ erþliȝ flæshess eȝhe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)47 : Is hit god for to hiheren godes weordes and heom athalden? Ȝe, fuliwis.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4515 : Wa him wes ful iwis [Otho: foliwis].
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)45/6 : Se ðe ȝew forsakþ..forsakþ fullȝewiss me seluen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/23 : He scolde fuliwis don alswa, oðer wurse.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1189 : Ich am witi ful iwis.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)6/41 : For adam sun, ful Iwis [vrr. fol ywis, ywis], Al haui þoled þis.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)445 : Ðe mereman..fro ðe noule niðerward ne is ge no man like, oc fis, to fuliwis, mid finnes waxen.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)508 : A tre he sekeð, to fuligewis, ðat is strong & stedefast is.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)337 : If þu louest god ful [vrr. filly, wel] iwis, Þu most louen alle his.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)795/196 : Þeos tutes þou soke ylome brenni, la voliwis.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1110 : Swa þurh wunode fullneah oð dæg.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)17 : Ic wat fulwel.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)525 : To þan ilke weie þe he ful ȝeare [Otho: wel] wuste.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1266 : Ysaac wex and ðehg wol wel.
- (a1333) Herebert Þou wommon (Add 46919)33 : Ich wot þou myth uol wel.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)261/216 : God sende hire good hele fulȝare.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)130 : Fol wel payed þen wole he ben.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)795 : I haue done þe same, And ful helt myche more.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)28/17 : The sees..duryd vndyr IX bysshoppes fulle nerr Nynty yere.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)64/229 : Wat payment þerfor wollde yow me make?..pay yt fulryght.