Middle English Dictionary Entry
fō̆rme n.
Entry Info
Forms | fō̆rme n. Also fourme. |
Etymology | L forma, OF fourme. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) The physical shape of something, contour, outline; the figure or shape (of a person), body; also fig.; (b) ~ and shape, shape or ~, ~ and shafte, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)716 : Aftur eiȝte and twenti dawes fourme it [the foetus] bi-gynnez to nyme, So þat Inwith fourti dawes it haueth euerech lime.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2215 : Wanne ȝe abbeþ fourme of men, beþ men an alle wise.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)980 : It hadde fourm after a man.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)220 : Zuiche fourme ase þe sso takþ ate ginnynge, he halt euremor ine þet stat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1535 : Fain he wolde..The forme of that figure embrace.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119b/b : Þe forme of liȝt, for þat is nobilest in kynde of bodiliche fourmes, it strecchiþ and sprediþ his owne forme most.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)85/16 : Brynge aȝen þe rondnes of þilke vlcus into a long forme, aftir þe lenkþe of þe membre.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)127/5 : Þis is þe foorme of a spatinam.
- c1400(?a1300) *KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6528 : Tofore ymade is his cors After þe fourme of an hors.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)18 : Eiþer in plat fourmes, eyþer engleymed or pressed.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.3.100,101 : But thilke othir forme of mankynde (that is to seyn, the forme of the body withowte) scheweth yit that thise schrewes weren whilom men.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)164b/a : The seconde instrument is oliuare, nouȝt to þe fourme [*Ch.(2): schappe] of þe lefe of an oliue..but like to þe litel bonez or stonez of oliuez.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1768,1769 : Thogh that hire forme were absent, The plesaunce of hire forme was present.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)53 : Thynkyng hath grave with deep impressioun Ech othris fourme, stature and visage.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)613 : His fell fygoure & his fourme fully betakend Þe prowis..þat he apreuyd eftire.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)136a/b : Þe cloude haþ none certeyne fourme nouþir schappe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)156b/a : Al þing þat hath shappe & fourme shulde be yshaped & y fourmede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2762 : Þat I myȝt haue ful inspeccioun Of forme & schap & eche proporcioun, For to discerne..euery membre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4513 : Þe schap, þe forme, and complexioun, Boþe of þe party of hem of Troye toun, And of þe Grekis.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2810 : Hir persone he shall afore hym sette..Hir shape, hir forme, hir goodly chere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.297 : Feyrest of feytures of fourme and of schafte.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)32b/b : A brode shap or fourme to þe maner of a snaile.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)113a/b : The lepre is þe moste errour of þe vertue assymylatyf, by þe whiche þe fourme .i. schappe is corupte in all þe body.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)138a/a : Sometyme forsoþe, it [catharacta] is so grete þat þe fourmes .i. schappes of þinges ben not taken [*Ch.(1): comprehended].
1b.
(a) Outward appearance, likeness; esp., an assumed or false appearance; taken or maken ~, to assume a shape or appearance; (b) something seen, an apparition, a vision.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)245/165 : In fourme of a fair womman þe deuel cam heom to.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3367 : Þo he com toward is men..[Uther] bileuede þe erles fourme.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)349 : Þe fourme of þre children he mette.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1915 : Þei ferde as bestes, ferd on here foure fet in fourme of tvo beres.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)288/9 : God send to him an Angel In monnes fourme.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1994 : As he stod..His forme he changeth sodeinly.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1471 : For we..wol vs swiche formes make As moost able is oure preyes for to take.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.317 : Þow gete hem with gyle..Nat in forme of a feonde bote in forme of an Addre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5908 : Þe fend..toke Forme of a snake.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1243 : Al wolde ye the forme of daunger save.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)14/30 : In the Ile of lango is ȝit the doughter of ypocras in forme & lykness of a gret dragoun.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)3/66 : O! what I am fetys and fayre and fygured full fytt! Þe forme of all fayrehede apon me es feste.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)388 : He nuste ȝwat for Ioye do þe ȝwyle he þis fourme iseiȝh.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4218 : King arthure..Toward þis grisliche fourme mid god herte him drou.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1535 : Þer apered a paume wyth poyntel in fyngres..Non oþer forme bot a fust faylande þe wryste.
2.
(a) Semblance, image, likeness; godes ~; (b) a representation in art, a statue, a painting, etc.; (c) the imprint of an object; (d) ~ of cros (rod), sign of the cross.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)38a : Þenne is hit swa icuplet..to ure deorewurðe gast, godes ahne furme.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)87 : Kyng of heuene, þet made..þe zaule to his anlycnesse an to his fourme.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.5.14 : Adam..is foorme or licnesse of oon [WB(2): Crist] to comynge.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)408 : Of ȝymmes and of deorewurþe stones..he liet do Foourme of sonne and of mone.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)262/64 : Heo isaiȝ þe fourme of ore leuedi depeint þare on þe walle.
- c1300 SLeg.Toledo (Hrl 2277)14 : Hi fonde Þe forme of oure louerd in a Rode.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5020 : Þe brutons..þo he ded lay..made a kinges fourme of bras.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1468 : Alle þe fruyt in þo formes of flaumbeande gemmes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1708 : As he lenes & lokis on his fourme..his licknes he laythly dispiced.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)113/18 : Þe discyples of wys ypocras peyntyd his ffigure in perchemyn..and saide, 'byholde þys ffourme.'
c
- c1300 SLeg.Pilate (Hrl 2277)128 : Mi keuerchief ic him bitok, and he wond hit aboute his face..þer he leuede his owe forme þat in his face was.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)77 : Ȝe shul putte your hond in þe fourme of þe foot þat hunters callyn the trace, and ȝif ȝe se þat þe forme of þe foot be of iiii fyngres of brede, ȝe mowe iuge þat it is a greet hert bi þe trace.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)32/10 : In þe whilk roche es þe prynte and þe fourme of his body.
d
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)372/173 : Þo maden huy alle in heore fore-heued þe fourme of þe rode.
- a1350 SLeg.Cross (Ashm 43)322 : Vor I nabbe power..among manne, Ȝif hi makeþ þe fourme of þe croys.
3.
(a) An instrument for shaping; a mould; souteres ~, a cobbler's last; (b) a framework; the frame of a bed, window, wheel, etc.; fourneis or lede in ~, a cauldron set in a frame; (c) a backless seat, a bench.
Associated quotations
a
- (1345) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.502 : [Peautrer..To Thomas his son, all his instruments and] fourmes [appertaining to his craft.]
- (1372-4) Doc.in Nicolas Navy 2481 : Moldes called formes to make bullets.
- ?a1400 *Albi Reynolds 5081 Recipes (Albi Reynolds 5081)f.22v : For to make whyt sope .. medle him wel with þy lye til it be thikke anow and þanne kast it owt into formes. But in þe kastynge out into þy formes put vndir neþe and above smal bene flour but not to moch.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)298 : Leste, sowtarys forme: Formula, formipedia, calopodia.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)27/10 : Panniclis..moun bynde manye þingis in oon foorme, as þe panicle of þe heed byndiþ seuene boones.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)183/36 : The forme of his bedd is of fyne saphires bended with gold.
- (1445) Will York in Sur.Soc.30157 : I will that all the ledes in forme within my place stand still.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30227 : ij fournayes in fourme.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4939 : The glas and the foorme of stoon that longith vnto the same wyndowe.
- (1463-4) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 94129 : A forme for a whele.
c
- [ 1346 *Acc.Exch.K.R.470/17.m.1 [OD col.] : De diuersis peciis petrarum de Reygate..vi formas pro dicta Capella. ]
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.301 : Þe monkes..defended hem self..wiþ foormes and stooles [Higd.(2): formes; L scamnis] and candlestikkes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)76b/a : Formes & stoles beþ Isett in þe halle.
- (1419) *Will Bury155 : ij longe formys and iij stolys.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3396 : Agamenon dede..fette Formes and stoles hem on to sette.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)126b/b : Þe pacient to be sette..opne vpon a bench or forme.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)172 : Foorme, longe stole: Sponda.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.41/26 : j playne forme, j Copeborde.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3079 : Thus Geffrey stode oppon a fourm, for he wold be sey Above all othir.
- (1460-65) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31396 : Item, payd for ij newe Formes.
- (1462) Duties Diacon.in Sharp Illustr.Papers122 : Ye seyd dekyn schall set a fform at ye p'ory dur, on palm sonday, ffor ye stac'ons; wen y't ys don, he schall cawse yt to be set a ffor ye rode, for ye p'ste to syng.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)50a : A fforme or a stule: fultrum, scamnum, sponda, spondula, stule.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)11/3 : Þe stolis, trestelles, or elles formys yef ony be, þat þey be set in ther owne places, at melis at þe bordes, and afore and aftur melis in corners farthest from encombraunce.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)109/22 : Whan þey sey many houres to gederis wiþ in þe couent or owte, þey schal sey Fidelium after eche houre & pater noster, & anone after bygynne anoþer houre; whan þey haþe I-smyten þe forme for to encline or for to rise vp, þey schul sey Fidelium anime &c.
4.
Hunt. The burrow or retreat (of a hare, etc.).
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)723 : I-bouwed ase an hare Ȝwane þat heo in fourme lith.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1294 : In a forme sit a wery hare.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)10 : Men may hunte at here..In the morowtyde whan þei sytte in fourme.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)172 : Foorme of an hare, or oþer lyke: Lustrum.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)20 : The hare..ferkes faste to hir fourme.
- a1475 Mourn.Hare (Brog 2.1)p.45 : Ȝeyfe a genttyl mane..fynd me ine forme where I syte..I wot wele he wyle not me hyte.
5.
(a) The way in which something is done or made; manner, mode, fashion; (b) ~ and maner, maner and ~.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2473 : Amphitrion hire love aweie Hath take, and in this forme he wroghte.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2130 : & I here passed, Founded for ferde for to fle in fourme þat þou tellez, I were a knyȝt kowarde.
- (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.41 : Þei shul haue the same pryse or payment for here fyndyng..in the same forme as the forsaid sir Roger hath graunted to the forsaid Baillies.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.78 : In what forme or in what manere wise This town to shende..Ye han er this wel herd.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)33b/b : Open it wiþ an yren..after þe fourme aboue saide.
- (1433) RParl.4.439a : In what forme youre yeerly Charges shuld be borne.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)4/1 : Sche xuld don wryten hyr felyngys & reuelacyons & þe forme of her leuyng.
- (1442) RParl.AS (Marsden)131 : That every under capitayne..have power in the same fourme.
- (1445) LRed Bk.Bristol2.188 : What Maryner that payeth nat to the Maistere of the Ship..after the furme aforeseyd [etc.].
- 1447-8 in Willis & C.Cambridge 1354 : I wol that the edificacion of my said College of Eton procede in large fourme, clene and substancial..leyng a parte superfluite of to grete curiouse werkes of entaille.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)172 : Full wele he wist..all þe fourme of þe fare þat fall ȝow behouys.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.9 (Hrl 2169)176 : The armys of oure lord Jesew cryst after the forme of the passyon.
- (1466) Will York in Sur.Soc.45158 : To pray for my soule in the forme that is after specifyed.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)24 : It is in like fourme knowen.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.337 : The kyng..hath conceyued..The manere and the forme of al this thyng.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.163 : Þe seide Carpenter hath pleinly ended and perfourmed þe seid werkes yn þe maner and fourme afore declared.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)1b/a : Þe maner & þe fourme of wirching profitably with þe foresaid instrumentez.
- (1425) RParl.4.289b : The which Graunte was lengethed and proroged..in manere and fourme as is abovesaid.
- (1428) EEWills77/10 : I make and ordeigne my present testament in this maner and fourme.
- (c1458) Let.Oxf.in OHS 36343 : Þe sayd partyes be a cordydde of and upyn þe premyssys, yn þe maner and forme þat folowth.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.7a : To be kept in suche ordre, maner, and fourme, as hereafter shall be provided.
- -?-(1450) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.322 : Eny man occupying the said craft in manner and fourme aforesaid.
6.
(a) Style of writing; (b) literary device or idea; (c) literary type or genre; (d) the exact wording of a text, formulation.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Bod 294)prol.53* : Som newe thing I scholde boke, That he himself it mihte loke After the forme of my writynge.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1854 : The forme of olde clerkis speche In poetrie.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3821 : Of poetis, this the sotil fourme, Be newe invencioun thynges to transfourme.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)3 : Clannesse who so kyndly cowþe comende..Fayre formez myȝt he fynde in forþering his speche.
c
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)2/6 : Þis litil present book..in foorme of a dialog bitwix þe sone asking and þe fadir answering.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)5/26 : Þe labour of my bokis making is not withoute hardnes, firste in hem conceyuing in suche foorme as þei ben.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)4/34 : Y schal procede in foorm of a dialog.
d
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)283 : A luitel I schal telle þe, nouȝt þat þou schalt vse þe same forme alwei as I say, but þat þou schalt haue..sum wissyng forto rule þe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2885 : This clerc..hath herd the forme How he the Pope scholde enforme.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4219 : Þe philisophour in his fourme vs feetly declares.
- a1500(?1382) Wycl.Wks.Mercy (NC 95)180 : If þei touche a worde þat is in Cristis lawe, þei..reven it fro fowrme of Goddis wordes, þat þe peple schal not wite what þis word menes.
7.
(a) Disposition, attitude; ~ of kind (humanite), natural disposition; (b) condition, state.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)8986 : Þat soruful werk þaim self þai soght..Thoru fourme of kinde þat es sua ness.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1271 : Kynde made hem subiect to sundri passiouns..Folwyng the fourme of ther humanytes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1276 : Þai were sa feble & sa faynt..Þat all in fere was in fourme þe fild for to ȝeld.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)4.1663 : Sith that ȝe take the foorme now of scolere, Ye arn the rediere these mysteries for to lere.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)247 : He was of al factur, aftir fourm of kynde.
b
- (1456) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 93361 : This endenture berith witnesse that I John' Swanne..have putte me seruante unto William Osbarne forto serue him undir the foorme of a seruante for the terme of IIII yere.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)64/22 : Þe state of holy chyrch to brynge yn-to better fourme [Rwl: state].
8.
(a) The correct or appropriate way of doing something: established process or procedure; customary or traditional usage; prescribed ritual; formal etiquette; (b) in (after) ~, in due (right) ~, in accordance with prescribed usage, properly, correctly; in ~ of lawe, according to legal procedure.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.924 : To knowe and witen al the forme What falleth unto loves craft.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.100 : He with a manly voys seide his message After the forme vsed in his langage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19981 : Þe form þat him bitaght was ar O baptiszing, he held it þar.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)1/7 : Cap. ij is of þe qualite, foorme, & maners of a surgien.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1295 : Gawan..Ferde lest he hade fayled in fourme of his castes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.146 : Agamenoun..by forme of elloquence Alweye so seide þat resoun went aforn.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.22 : In forme of speche is chaunge Withinne a thousand yeer, and wordes tho That hadden pris, now wonder nyce and straunge Us thinketh hem.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1040 : Ne jompre ek no discordant thyng yfeere, As thus, to usen termes of phisik In loves termes; hold of thi matere The forme alwey.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4570 : Ther noblesse and ther hih puissaunce Assureth hem, bi a maner fourme, What-euer hem list taccomplisshe and parfourme.
- c1440(a1349) Rolle 10 Com.(Thrn)12/3 : Thow sall haue na man or woman Bot þat þou has taken in fourme of Haly Kyrke.
- (1440) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.23234 : Facultee and licence to make yowre testament is graunted also after the forme and style of the pope's chauncery.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)373 : Illumynacioun and collacioun to be maad aftir þe foorme of practik tauȝt toward þe eende of þis present party.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1954 : He mekyt to þat mighty and with mowthe said His charge..Euyn fairly by fourme.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.33 : Þan, as her forme is, frist þey begynne to declare Þe cause of her comynge.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)39/6 : Vnder this fourme me shalle write and worche, tille the totalle nombre be halfede.
- ?a1500 Forms Notice (Yk-M 16.M.4)p.xvi : Efftyr ye forome and use of holy kirke.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9174 : Ȝif bissop oþer abbod in þis lond ded were..Þat me ne chose in riȝte fourme an oþer anon.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.305 : Noght oo word spak he moore than was neede, And that was seid in forme and reuerence.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1339 : I you beseche, after the forme That ye pleinly me wolde enforme, So that I may myn herte reule In loves cause after the reule.
- (1426) Proc.Privy C.3.218 : For doyng of his office in forme of lawe.
- (?1430) Paston2.33 : The priour of Thetford..to professe in dwe forme the seyd monkes of Bromholm unprofessed.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.30124 : I will yat..myne executors..be sworn in ye fourme of lawe.
- (1449) Pet.Pell in Antiq.24101 : Lettres Patentes of Licence to be made unto him after th' efect that ensueth, in due forme.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)10 : Nocht long after this the Kyng lete so ordeyne his parliament yn due forme at Edenbourghe.
- (1464) Lin.DDoc.130/25 : Youre gracious lettres patentes, in due fourme to be made.
9.
A fixed or prescribed course of study; don ~, rede for ~, to study for a degree.
Associated quotations
- a1450(a1397) WBible(2) GProl.(Hrl 1666)p.1 : No man schal lerne dyuynite..but he that hath doon his fourme in art, that is, that hath comensid in art, and hath ben regent tweyne ȝeer aftir.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)104 : Albinus, of Englisch nacioune..broute the forme of study fro Rome onto Parys.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)203 : The clerkes be sworne they shall not rede for theyr fourme at Stamforde.
10.
Med. Formula for preparation of a drug, prescription.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)89a/b : Of which þe fourmez & receptez shal be founden in þe chapitule of obtalmie & in þe Antidotarie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)107b/b : Arnold ordeyned diacartamum vnder þis fourme..Recipe..[etc.].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)28a/a : Basilicon, whos fourmes and receytes schal be putte in þe antitodarie.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)41a/b : Sarcocolle whos fourme is taken of Rasis: Take of waschen ceruse [etc.].
11.
(a) Model of life or conduct, example to be imitated; (b) pattern of a manufactured object; fashion in clothing, style, cut; also fig.; after ~ of, following the pattern of, after the fashion of.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Thes.1.7 : Ȝe ben maad fourme, or ensaumple, to alle men bileuynge.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)2 Thes.3.9 : We wolden ȝefen ous-selfe forme to ȝou, how ȝe schulden folewen ous.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.177 : Crist ȝyveþ his prechours foorme how þei shal lyve in þis work.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Thes.1.7 : Ȝee be made forme, þat is exsaumple, to alle þe byleuande.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)200/2 : A child wole euer-more holde his first forme and wone, as doþ a scho, and þerfore schulde men enforme hem first to goode.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)383 : Be ye not lordis in þe clergi, but be ȝe made fourme and ensaumple of cristis flokke.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)69/19 : He was..þe forme & þe exaumple in which þei myth loke for to transfigur her lyf to þat exemplarye.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.871 : The world..welnyh is wered oute, After the form of that figure Which Daniel in his scripture Expondeth.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)174 : Þy wedez..of a fayr forme to fote and to honde.
- (1415) Rec.Norwich 1108 : And alle Craftes yat wilbe Cladde shal be cladde after ye fourme of London.
- (1437) Doc.Merchant York in Sur.Soc.12949 : Item, for the makyng of xj beddes after the fourme of Robert Dodmore bed, xlvjs. viijd.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30106 : To ye vicar of Mitton a pare of get bedds..and William of Bradley, prest, a nother pare of gete beds in the same forme.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)28/16 : For of þis same Simpliciane took he þe forme of an habite whech his heremytes vsed aftirward, and he eke.
12.
?Beauty [rendering L forma in this sense].
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.8.2 : This [wisdom] I loouede..and loouere I am mad of the foorme [WB(2): fairnesse; L formæ] of it.
13.
Law (a) A legal agreement; treaty, contract, bargain; the terms or conditions of an agreement; (b) in ~ that, on condition that; in this (such) ~, on these (such) terms; in (under) ~, upon condition, under terms, according to terms; (c) a legal document; ~ of skil, decision, the document containing a decision; ~ of yift, a writ used in claiming entailed property, formedon; ~ of trespas, an action of trespass, the document embodying such an action; (d) ~ and effect, ~ and tenour, ~ tenour and effect, ~ tenour and purport, ~ tenour contenu and effect, etc., the essence of a legal document, the general sense or significance.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)304,307 : Huy nomen ane fourme of pays to don bi godes grace..huy maden ane fourme þat..ȝweþur of þis twei schires miȝten sonore awake, huy scholden..þat bodi with him take.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4984 : Þe fourme [B: a couenaunt] of pes was vaste ymad bituene hom & hore.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6322 : Bi tuene þis tueye kinges was a certein fourme ydo & forewarde among al hor folc.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5578 : He him graunted his talent, & in þat fourme he haþ of-sent.
- (1399) RParl.3.424a : Ȝe renounsed and cessed of the State of Kyng..uppe the fourme that is contened in the same Renunciation and Cession.
- (1411) RParl.3.650a : Robert Tirwhit..dyd assemble greet noumbre of men..agayn the fourme of a Loveday taken bytwen the same parties.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)39/12 : Ayeyne the forume [Dub: fourme] of oure pees.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.202 : The saide preest..be paide for his salarie or pension..after the fourme of this composicion.
- (1459) LRed Bk.Bristol1.248 : A wrongfull distres takyn..ayenst the forme of a Composicion of olde tyme takyn.
- (1467) LRed Bk.Bristol1.17 : Ayenst the saide Usage and Custume..and ayenst the fourme of the seid libertee.
- a1500(1396) Indent.Francisc.in RS 4.1 (Vit F.12)525 : Aȝens the forme and ordinans abouesayd.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1873,1875 : Ichulle a-soilli heom In þusse fourme fawe: Þat heo don sikernesse for-to stonde at holi churche lawe..ake in oþur fourme non.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)983 : Scottes hom sende wimmen In þis fourme þere, Þat wan a child were ibore [etc.].
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8907 : In þis fourme icholle þat al mi god be his.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11603 : Þe castel vp hii ȝolde To sir edward in a fourme, þat hii bere ne ssolde Vourti dawes aȝen him armes in no place.
- (1424) Paston2.14 : Walter and William..were induced to trete in the same matier in the forme that folwith.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.160 : I wol..in swich forme as he gan now devyse Receyven hym fully to my servyse.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.82/25 : That my said feoffies anon after my decesse make astate..vnder the forme and condicions folowyng.
- (1456-7) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA.81 m.7 : By what title or in what forme that the seid brethren sustren and other..occupien the forsaid grownde, the seid iiij Maistres knowe not.
- c1485 Assump.Virg.(1) (Hrl 2382)129/545 : Y be-leue, vnder that fourme.
c
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.254 : Þe fourme of þer skille þei said on þis manere..To þat ilk scrite Edward set his seale.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)48 : My fadir wil..of þe which wil þis is þe forme: Item y wil and ordeyne [etc.].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)59 : Tenementz that ben yoven in fre mariage or in other maner by condicione, where that the fee is tailed be foorme of ȝift [OF fourme de doun] to the housbond and his wyff.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)61 : Have he..his recure..by pleynt begunnyn be wed and borghe in foorme of trespas [OF forme de trespas] be forn the forseyd ballyves.
d
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)48 : After þe fecte and þe fourme of my fadir will.
- (1419) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)101 : William Horold..a-yens the tenure an fourme of þe sayd ordenaunce..deceyuably gummyd and rasyd ij buttes.
- (1431) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.99 : After the fourme, teneur, contenue, and effette of the deedes, lettres, and endentures.
- (1441) Proc.Privy C.5.156 : After the fourme, contenue, and effecte of a cedule to this bille annexid.
- (1452) Lin.DDoc.61/29 : After the fourme and tenour of theire grauntes.
- (1464) RParl.5.548a : That every of our seid Letters Patentez stond and be good..accordyng to the tenur, fourme, and effect of every of theym.
- (1473) RParl.6.93b : The same oure Letters Patentes..stond in their full strength, after the fourme, tenure and purport of the same.
14a.
Phil. & Theol. (a) The archetype of a thing, or class of things, as it exists in the mind of God; the Platonistic 'idea', which serves as the pattern for a created thing; (b) an idea, conception, or mental picture of a thing.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.9.10 : O thow Fadir..foreyne causes necesseden the nevere to compoune werk of floterynge matere, but oonly the forme of sovereyn good iset within the.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.186 : Thilke same symple forme of man that is perdurablely in the devyne thought.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2228 : Thow yevere of the formes, that has wrought This fayre world, and bar it in thy thought Eternaly.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)50a : A fforme: duca, forma..idea.
b
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.1.67 : Thou hast seyn the forme of the verray blisfulnesse.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.91 : A werkman..aperceyveth in his thought the forme of the thing that he wol make.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.4.65 : Whan that cleernesse smyteth the eyen and moeveth hem to seen..than is the strengthe of the thought imoevid..and medleth the ymages of thinges withoute-forth to the foormes ihidd withynne hymself.
14b.
(a) The essence of a thing, the formative principle, that which causes a thing to be what it is; (b) the essence of the thing (as contrasted with the matter of which it is composed); mater and ~, etc.; (c) accidental ~, that which gives to a thing some secondary mode of existence or some external characteristic perceivable by the senses; bodili (corporal) ~, that which causes a thing to have a body(either a spiritual or a material body); element (elementlich) ~, form as pertaining to the four elements, material form; essencial ~, the essence or nature of a thing, that which it is, that without which even substance of the thing cannot exist; hevenli (spiritual) ~, form as pertaining to spirit, spiritual shape or body (as opposed to material or physical); substancial ~, that which differentiates one thing, or class of things, from another; that which makes a man, a man, and a stone a stone.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.214 : For yit withouten eny forme Was that matiere universal, Which hihte Ylem in special.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)8a/b : Þe propirtees of þe resonable soule touchinge þe simplete of his kynde..& worchinge in þe body as it ȝeueth þere to fourme and perfectioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)286b/a : In gendrynge of brood, þe femel is, as it were, matiere & the male is forme and schappe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/a : Ȝif liȝt in þe aier were accident, hit schulde haue cause of beynge of þe verrey fourme of þe aier, and þat may not be.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)10/11 : Þat þat is medlid is more able to resceiue þe noble foorme of lijf.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.187 : The forme of good is the substaunce of God.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.27.70a : Thi body..was only matier; thi selfe [i.e. soule] wer his forme, of which he is now naked.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.205 : Of substance devyne þe forme is þis.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2211 : Thanne is a man of hih lignage After the forme..Bot nothing after the matiere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1872 : The forme is kept, bot the matiere Transformed is in other wise.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130a/a : Mater is Iclepid endeles for he may be delid in endeles many parties, for he haþ appetyte to endeles many fourmes and schappis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130b/a : Fourme makeþ matiere Iknowe, for matiere may neuere be Iseye ne felid but by substancyal fourme and accidental.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330a/b : Þe furste day god made..matiere and forme.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)14/10 : Hit may longe to ȝou in mater & forme, as hit is seide toforhond.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1877 : Matere by naturel appetit Kyndly desyreth after forme.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1582,1583 : Mater apetiteth forme alwey, And from forme into forme it passen may.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/b : Many liȝtes comeþ and beþ Imelled..and þe substancial fourme of eueriche is saaf, by þe which forme eueriche is diuers fro oþir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130a/b : Forma is diuersite by þe which on þing is diuers fro anoþir; and som fourme is essencial & som accidental. Essencyal fourme is þilke þat comeþ in to matiere and makeþ it perfit..and whanne fourma is distroyed noþing of þe substaunce of þe þing is I founde..Eueryche fourme accidental nediþ a fourme substancyal þat is cause of fourme accidentalis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130b/a : Som fourme is spiritual and som corporal and bodyl[i]che, & som corporal fourme is heuenliche and som elementliche; and heuenly fourme is so actif þat it fulfilliþ al þe appetite of his matiere..þe element forme may nat fulfille so greet myȝt in his matiere, noþir make so perfite þe appetite þerof.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)130b/b : A spiritual fourme is more actual þan a bodyly fourme..þe fourme of element is more noble þan þe fourme of a medlid body.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.27.70a : A nother forme accidentall of litil valoure may he [the body without the soul] well haue, but forme substancial is it not.
14c.
(a) The classification to which a thing belongs, or which it enters; type of thing; species. [This sense is closely related to sense 1, and it is frequently difficult to distinguish the philosophical from the popular usage.] (b) in ~ of bred, under bredes ~, having assumed the accidental form and outward appearance of bread.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.John (LdMisc 108)488 : Manna..ore louerd wole in fourme of reyn fram heouene to vrþe sende Þe children of Israhel to heore mete.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2471 : In þe apostles wende þe holy gost in ffourme of þilke liȝte.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)282 : Þei seȝen Ihesu crist in þat ilke foorme þat heo seȝen him..whom heo furst comen..to þe sepulcre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2501 : Er that the metall be parfit, In sevene formes it is set.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.92 : Ther ben thre formes of beinges:..temporal..perpetuel..sempiterne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)10/7 : Þerof comen a newe foorme & a newe complexcioun of þe medlynge of her substaunce.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.20 : In a thousand formes down hym sente For love in erthe.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3982 : Þe sexte [token] es of þe fourme of man, In whilk Crist sal shew hym þan.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.71 : The body of a wyght, while it duelleth in oo fourme be conjunccion of membris, it is wel seyn that it is a figure of mankynde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.5.16 : The beestes..alle discorden by diverse foormes.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.309 : Resoun may not haue inspeccioun Of formes whiche þat pure and simple ben.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)1412c : Þe holy gost Lyght adown in forme of fyre.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)72a : He kimeð forð & schaweð him to ow fleschliche & licomliche inwið þe measse, biwrixlet þah on oþres lice under breades furme [Nero: heouwe].
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)59 : Graunte ous er we buen ded, þe vnderfonge in fourme of bred.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)25/699 : Þanne hys hyt betere in fourme of brede, And eke in forme of wyne.
- a1425 Wycl.VOct.(Bod 788)386 : Goddis bodi in fourme of breed.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)828 : He payede for us his owne body, In foorme of breed, boþe lyme and lith.
- (1445) Will York in Sur.Soc.30157 : Yat God Almyghty in ye forme of bred may lie in over ye high auter.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)25 : Criste of his greet curtesie lefte here amonge us his owne body..to resseyue in foorme of breed.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)319 : This Paschale Lamb..That yaff His bodi to man in forme of bred.