Middle English Dictionary Entry
fō̆rcen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | fō̆rcen v.(1) Also forsen. |
Etymology | OF forcer. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. enforcen.
1.
To exert force: (a) to press upon (an adversary), make war upon (a people); (b) to compel or constrain (someone to do something); (c) to violate (a woman), to rape; (d) ppl. forced as adj.: coercive, imposed by force.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8941 : Þai felden kniȝtes..& forced hem wiþ mani dent hard.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1924 : His fader vs forset, with his fowle wille, Did hething and harme to our hede Rewmes.
b
- (1447) Shillingford27 : Hit was never our will to putte that yn debate..but as we have be forced therto by your Articulis of Complayntes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6823 : Þe grekes gyuen bake & the ground leuyn, And were forsit to þe fight or þai fay worthit.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9965 : Þai spake to þe kyng ffor to force hym to fight & his feris help.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4399 : He wald haue forced [Trin-C: forsed; Frf: rauysshet] me in hi, If i ne had mad titter cri.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1489 : Ȝe haue gert him..for to force my wife.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)978 : He has forsede hir and fylede.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.70rb : Ammon, oldest sone of Dauid, louyd Thamar his suster .. and Ammon forced and laye by her, and whan he had don his pleasir he hated her and threwe her out of his chambre.
d
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)195/20 : Violence yeueth itself forced right [CQ(2): makith right by force] thereas it aught nat to be.
2.
To strengthen (something), fortify (a castle), reinforce (an army).
Associated quotations
- ?a1400 Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)927 : [He] did force [þe casteles wel].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3698 : Polynyces, to forsen his partie, Iweddid hadde the kyngis douhter deere.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)170 : Fraunceys with his folke es forced besyde..There es no man appon molde to machen þaym agayne.
3.
To exert oneself, strive (to do something), endeavor; -- (a) with or (b) without refl. pron.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)69a/a : Þe childe..forseþ hym & fondiþ to come out of þe wombe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18089 : Forces [Trin-C: enforseþ] yow wit might and m[a]in Stalwarthli to stand again.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)191/38 : I forced me to luf Ihesu.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)731 : And ilk mon force [Suth: stere; Arms: strenþe] him wel to do.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.554 : Eche of hem..Thus to Othir forseth him vntille, So that..The ton the tother Sleth that tyde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2659 : Quat has he fauted..þof he him forced haue Þe changs [read: charges] of his chiftan chefely to fill?
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)5749 : There was neuer knyghte..That better wrought..He forsyd hym so to fyghte.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)872 : He schulde hym force in yowthehede, So þat he may, when he ys oolde, For a doghty man be tolde.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.29.26 : He that forseth [WB(2): enforsith; L conatur] manye thingus to do, shall fallen in to dom.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6742 : Yff thou will foors, her to defende.
4.
forcen litel (not), (a) to be of little (or no) importance; not to matter; (b) to regard (something) as unimportant, to care little about.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2001 : How fele be all þe flote, it forces [Dub: forcez] bot littill.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5371 : If I ware fallen fey, him forced bot littill.
b
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1929 : We fors not his frendship, ne fere of his hate.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)10/9 : He was passand fayn & forsid litle of suthefastnes.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)53b : He forssith Lyttle of other mens Losse.
5.
Cook. To season or garnish (a dish).
Associated quotations
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)104 : And after forsy yt wyth gyngeuer.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)12 : For to make grewel forced..Take Caboches and quarter hem and seeth hem in gode broth..and force it with powdour douce.
- c1450 Dc.55 Cook.Recipes (Dc 55)117 : Yiffe þou wilt haue it forced, hete milke..and cast ther-to rawe yolkes of eyren and poudre of gyngeuere, etc.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)16 : Take ryse..Temper hom with almonde mylke..Fors hit with fryude almondes.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)101 : Fors it with clowes and galingale.
- a1485 *Hrl.1735 Cook.Recipes (Hrl 1735)115 (f.17v) : Browet of Almayne: Tak almonde melk ..; colour it with saffron; force it with good pouder of ginger & canel & galingale.