Middle English Dictionary Entry
fẹ̄rthe num.
Entry Info
Forms | fẹ̄rthe num. Also feorþe, feerthe, fe(e)rde, feird(e, veorðe, voerþe, verþe, furþe, fuyrthe, furde, fierþe, firþe, fyrde; (late) fourthe, fourt(e, forð(e, ford(e, fort(e. |
Etymology | OE fēorþa; late ME fourthe is newly formed on the cardinal four. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Ordinal as adj.: fourth.
Associated quotations
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1130 : Ðes feorðe dæges þær æfter wæs se king Heanri on Roueceastre.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)90/30 : Þæt feorðe mæȝen is Fortitudo.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5786 : Þe ferþe Goddspellwrihhte wass Johan.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)237 : Þis is si fierðe lage.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)62a : Þe feorðe [Nero: ueorðe] froure is sikernesse of godes help.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)610 : Þe feorþe [Hrl:Wright: furde] dai heo iseiȝen ane yle.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)8 : For euer þe furþe peni mot to þe kynge.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)8 : Þe uerþe heste is þellich.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1466 : Þou schalt ben..my furþe Messager.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.19 : Abias..was þe fourþe [vr. feurþe] kyng of Iuda.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.231 : The fourthe poynt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.604 : Þe fourte gate hiȝt also Cethas.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.29.35 : The ferth [WB(2): fourthe] tyme she conseyuede and bare a sone.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)206 : The fferth worde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1199 : In this forde chapitill Þou sall witt [etc.].
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)94b : Þe veorþe yeer of þe Olympias.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)21/14 : At the fourthe passage there mette two for two.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)219/18 : Boneface, þe ferþe pope fro grete Gregorie.
1b.
In titles of kings and popes: Henry the ~, the ~ Henry, etc.
Associated quotations
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)1 : O worthi noble kyng, Henry the ferthe!
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.96 : Henri the firþe, of knyȝthood welle & spryng.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)454 : Kyng Harry þe furþe.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)359/23 : Of Ser Henry of Bolingbroke..þe which was þe fourth Henry after þe Conqueste.
- (1461) RParl.5.464a : Oure seid Liege and Soverayne Lord, Kyng Edward the fourth.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)22 : He appellid..fro þe court of Innocent þe ferþe.
- a1500 Lydg.KEng.(1) (Lamb 306)p.30 : Harry the fourthe..xiiij yere regned.
1c.
~ del, ~ part, ~ parti: (a) fourth part, one fourth, a quarter; sethen to ~ del, boil away to one fourth of the original volume; (b) fourth piece or segment; fourth division or section of a book.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)125.113/1 : Nim þissa wyrt wurtruman..seoð on wætere to feorþan dæle.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)24/9 : Heoræ ælc hæfde feorðen dæl þæs rices on Iudea londe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9180 : Ȝerrsalæmess kinedom Wass..Todæledd..O fowwre feorþenn daless.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3311 : Ale þa feorðe dale lete we for fuse.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1284 : Þe furþe del of a furlong.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.3 : The brighte sonne The ark of his artificial day hath ronne The ferthe part.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)64/6 : Frere menours..appropreþ to hem þe þre ferþe deles of profites þat comeþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2770 : Þe ferþe parte Of þe mone was schad with new liȝt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.35 : Of this world, the ferthe partye is enhabited with lyvynge beestes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)121/5 : The fourthe partie of the firmament.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)946 : The fourtedele a furlange betwene þus he walkes.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)9 : Þe þridde or þe fourt part of penaunce.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)4b : Þe feorðe dale [Nero: veorðe dole; Recl.: fierþe deel] is of fleschliche fondunges.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)356 : Þe ferthe part es of purgatory.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)141 : There was he occupied in prayere into the ferthe part of the nyȝt.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.100 : The fourthe partie shal ben a theorike to declare the moevyng of the celestiall bodies.
1d.
(a) at thrid and ~ degre (kne), in the third and the fourth generations from a common ancestor (not including the ancestor as a degree); cousines in thrid and ~ degre, two persons of whom one is the offspring of the other's first cousin; ~ degre of kin, the fourth generation from a common ancestor (counting the ancestor as one degree), a second cousin; mariage in thrid and ~ degre, marriage between a person and the offspring of a first cousin; (b) ~ degre (of heat), the hottest of the four degrees of bodily heat; (c) ~ degre, fourth step in a series, a flight of steps, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9254 : Ioseph and sco, sa mai man se, Bot att thrid and ferith kne [Frf: ar atte þe þrid & firþe degree].
- (1440) Let.Hen.IV in RS 18.1 (Vsp F.7)24 : I am bot of the feirde degre of kyn tyll yhow, the quhilk in alde tyme was callit neir.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)70 : Mariage mad in þrid and ferd degre, aȝen þe ordinaunce of þe kirk, is rate and stable.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)71 : Matrimoyn of cosyns in þrid and ford degre is not forbiden, not but bi þe kirk.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)12/3 : Þilke is in þe fourþe degree, þat is hot of vnkyndely heete, distroieþ þe bodi openliche.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)187a/a : Euforbe is a gumme hote & drye in þe fourþe degree and clensynge.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)186a/a : Garlik is a rote hote & drie in þe fourþe degree wiþ brennynge and wiþ drawynge.
c
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)299 : Þe fortt degre ȝit es..Of sum þat er in order fals.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)923 : The fourt degre of mekenes clere Es of al þai þat suffers here.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3344 : Þe ferd degre, a Granate, a gracious gemme.
1e.
In combinations: ~ aǧe, ~ eld, the fourth age of the world [see quots.]; ~ best, fourth in value or excellence; ~ daies fever, a quartan fever; ~ ester dai, fourth day after Easter; ~ finger, ?the index finger, ?the little finger; ~ half yer, half ~ yer, three and one-half years; ~ hour, ~ tide, the fourth hour (of daylight, of the night); ~ prime, fourth morning; half ~ eln, three and one-half ells.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)80.23/2 : Gif man si þæs ðrindan [!] dæȝes fefer, oþþar þas feorðan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)14/26 : He reinscyræs forwærnde feorþe healf ȝeare.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8621 : & ta wass wel hallf feorþe ȝer Þatt comm na reȝȝn onn eorþe.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)184 : Þare he bilefde þo fulle furthþe-half ȝer; Þo he hadde þre ȝer þare ibe, and an half ȝer more, Into is owene londe alongued he was sore.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)51 : Lat ȝarki al þi folk þe bataille for-to done, þat ȝe to-day þare-Inne beon riȝt atþe feorþe tyde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)195 : Seuene ages þer habbeþ ibe..Þe verþe was fram moyses to dauid þes kinedom.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.856 : This is that oother hand of the deuel..The firste fynger is the fool lookynge..The ferthe fynger is the kissynge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9223 : O werld þe fourth [Göt: ferd; Trin-C: ferþe; Frf: firþe] eild es nu tald.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16599 : Half feirth of eln [Göt: Half feird ellen; Trin-C: Foure ellen & an half] was þe length.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)7861 title : Here biginnys ful witterli þe feird [Trin-C: ferþe; Frf: iiij] elde, at e king daui.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)224 : On Paske day within þe niȝt Aboute þe fourþe houre fulle ryȝt.
- (1438) Will Dixton in BGAS 11159 : To Richard of the Warderobe the fourthe best hors that I have.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.444 : The first hour xxix fote is fixe..the firthe [BodAdd: fourthe] is twies sixe.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.12.27 : The firste houre inequal of every Saturday is to Saturne..the fourthe to the sonne.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)186 : In Apprile, whan the firthe prime Hath broght in ver ful fair of syght.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)229 : Whyþ þy furthe finger medle hyt to geder.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)134/15 : He put hym to saylle at Melyford, a ferth estre day [Rwl: the iiije day aftyr Estyr].
2.
Ordinal as noun: (a) The fourth (person or thing); (b) math. bi fourthes, in groups of four figures.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)40/21 : An is andetnys; oþer is reowsung..feorþe is fæsten.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)530 : Illc an hird wel wisste inoh Wheþþr..Prest senndenn i þe firrste lott..oþþr i Þe ferþe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)39 : Þat forðe is þet þu scalt wakien for þines drihtenes luue.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)9a : Þe feorðe. Domine non est exaltatum.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)11 : Þe uerste belongeþ to þe uader..the uerþe to þe holi gost.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)66/316 : The ferthe is the sacrement of the auter.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.67 : The ffeerde schal ben the soneday nexte aftyr the feste of seynt mychelle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.927 : 'Nay,' quod the ferthe, 'stynte and herkne me.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21299 : Þe foerth [Göt: feird; Trin-C: ferþe; Frf: firþ] sauurs als aromat.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2376 : And þe fourþe..Hadde Meneste, þe duk of Athene.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)151 : Þe forth it is a wise lernynge Of thynge þat may plece god to pay.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)31/20 : Þe þird of solitary conuersacion..Þe fowrt of desyr of endeles blystnes.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)72/25 : Þe ferd is þer þe holy cros was berijd.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)70 : Himseluun wold þe fuyrthe be.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)167/165 : I xal take þe fowrte to me.
b
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)49/22 : First thow most compt the figures by fourthes, that is to sey in the place of thousandes.
3.
As adverb: in the fourth place, fourthly.
Associated quotations
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)29/28 : Ferte, Marie muste haue fyr to make her gestes hote & warme.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1742 : God send the faurt veniance for thye.
Note: New spelling
Note: New comb.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)141/497 : Pulsus serrinus (pouce serrin) is when it smytys up hegh under ony fynger & undyr þe toþer not, undyr þe 3[rd] fyngyr eftsones heye & undyr þe ferd not sa.
Note: New obj. for sense 3.
- ?a1400 Numer.Algorism (Hal)30 : In the ferye place, he [the number 1] tokeneth a thousand..In the fyftye place..ten thousand.
Note: New spelling
Note: In this, the numeral defines a specific position, which seems different from a general xth order.--per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Sense 3., since there is an OE etymon diff. from that used for 1. and 2., should be a separate entry--per REL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 28/17 : Take þe ferþe partye of a pynte of whijt wyne.
- ?a1525 Dc.54 Artist.Recipes (Dc 54) 269/15 : [T]ake a potell of rede venegyr..and the forte parte of .j. vnce of vermeylon small grond, and put..in a pot of erthe.
Note: Additional quotes, sense 1c.(a); need dates.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Sln.122 Artist.Recipes (Sln 122) 117/20 : Take a potel of reed vynegre..and þe fourthedeel of an vnce of vermelon, and seethe hem with vynegre in an erthen pot.
Note: Additional quote, sense 1c.(a); need date.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(e)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. fourth finger.