Middle English Dictionary Entry
endūren v.
Entry Info
| Forms | endūren v. Also endeuren, -douren, in-. |
| Etymology | OF endurer; L indūrāre make hard or strong. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. duren.
1.
(a) To harden (something); to strengthen (the body), fortify (the spirit); (b) to make (someone) stubborn, unyielding, obdurate; endured in sin, hardened in sin.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)175b/a : Medicynez conglutynyng & induring þe pore.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)53a/b : A bityng colde indureþ.i. hardneþ þe skyn.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)169a/a : When þe materie is endured..þan it is to passe to medicinez mollificatiuez.
- (1445) ?Bokenham Claudian CS (Add 11814)267/111 : Pacience the techith tendure thi body, that it laboure love.
- ?a1500 Job (Hnt HM 140)142 : So to indure hym with the spyrite of resistence.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 19.9 : Summe weren endurid, or maad hard [WB(2): hardid], and bileuyden not.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.9.18 : Therfore of whom God wole, he hath mercy; and whom he wole, he endurith, or hardeneth.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)133 : An heretike endured in errour.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)8/32 : Þou obstinat man! þou endurid man in synne!
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.9.18 : To whom he wyle he has mercy; and whom he wyle he endures [L indurat].
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)25 : Þei stynken bifore god for old endured synne.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)90 : Stonen prelatis are þey, endurid in temporal þingis.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)14 : Whi god Pharaos hert wald in malice indure And mavdelenes hert make soft.
2.
(a) Of an action, condition, life, emotion: to continue, to last; of the spiritual world: to last forever; (b) of an organization, law, bequest, contract, etc.: to remain in force, continue to exist; without ende to enduren, to remain in force forever; (c) of living creatures: to live, remain alive; to stay or dwell (somewhere); (d) to persist (in a course of action, a way of living); (e) of things: to be sufficient or adequate; to remain serviceable, unimpaired, unspoiled; also proverbial [quot. c1450(c1396) Chaucer]; of persons: to remain unspoiled (by good fortune).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.890 : Hope..endureth bot a throwe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1062 : And lat this flood endure yeres twayne.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.91 : The while my lyf dureþ [vr. endureth].
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)293/371 : Then the warr endured [vr. laste] long.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)24/388 : Þat ioy hit schal neuer sesse Bot euer endoyre and ȝeuer encrese.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)146/6 : Þis chastisyng schal enduryn xij days.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)205/26 : Þi labour of preising and of preiyng..forto endure oon hour or ij houris.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)26 : The flood of Nyle, The which endurith but a certeyn whyle.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.2.90b : Mundus is materual [read: material] worlde, but seculum is take for the induryng world.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)86 : Here loue þus endure may nouȝte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)34.205 : A storm Endurede vppon the se.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)622 : While that hem endured the light.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)30/25 : Whyll oure lyf may indure.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.1078 : His blisfull lyffe, Longe tendure without noyeaunce or striffe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)135/4 : The turnemente hadde longe indured.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/148 : It shall begyn full sone to rayn..and induyr dayes fourty.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3664 : While þe trewe dide þus endure.
- a1422 Gild St.Geo.Nrw.(Rwl D.913)444 : To haue the name of Fraternite and Gilde of bretheren and susteren of Seynt George..euermore with-oute ende to enduren.
- (1433) RParl.4.476a : From Yere to Yere from this tyme forth and so ever to endure.
- (1450) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.321 : These ordinaunces here following, perpetually to endure.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)97/36 : [St. Gilbert] mad hem to be write and kept in his Congregaciones, with-oute ende to endewre.
- (1451-2) Doc.in Rec.B.Nottingham 2363 : In wittenesse of which thinges perpetuelment to endure.
- (1453) Will York in Sur.Soc.30190 : I yeve and bequeeth..xx l. ..yeerly, for xij yeer, enduryng at ye fredome of myne executours.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.152 : I will and ordeyne that the pryour..observe and kepe yeerly and perpetualy to endure an annversary.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.404 : This enacte so to endure by force of this present yelde.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)2.265 : That realme indurede by a m ccc ij yere.
c
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3014 : Speces of thynges and progressiouns Shullen enduren by successiouns And noght eterne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.753 : That in the castel noon so hardy was That any while dorste ther endure.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.258 : Every lifissh creature The which schal upon erthe endure.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1317 : A wyf wol laste and in thyn hous endure Wel lenger than thee list, parauenture.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)221/34 : Þe herte & þe spiritual lymes ne mowe not longe endure wiþouten eir.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)476 : He..Þat hade endured in worlde stronge.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4125 : And better it wer..Manly to deye..Than lik a coward with the lyf endure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)125/11 : [Merlin] scholde nat endure longe, but..he scholde be putte into the erthe quyk.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.28 : Tho God soffyre the never so long to indure.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1152 : For grace pleyntuus Ye yeff to man, euer to Induyr.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)746 : How schall i from þe endure!
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4444 : Hir nature, Selde or neuer stable to endure.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1518 : Down in thi bed the leye, And sey, thow mayst no lenger up endure.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3786 : Now he hurteth and now he cureth, For selde in oo poynt Love endureth.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2033 : But in youre servise thus I wol endure.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)402/317 : Euer enduryng in ther fals cruelte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3142 : But ay this Iabyn bi contynuaunce Endured foorth in his cursidnesse.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10114 : Mony day he endurit in his depe thoght.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)124 : Sche aftir þat tyme lyued a ful solitary lyf, plesing god with fastyng and prayer, and so endewred al hir lyf.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)49/16 : Eld men..whech haue..endewred in holy exercise.
- a1500 Brut-1419 (Rwl B.173)393/16 : Owen..robbed and slewe the Kingys peple..thus he endured xij yere large.
e
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.51 : Also longe as her catel myghte endure.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)225 : I hope no tong moȝt endure No sauerly saghe say of þat syȝt, So watz hit clene & cler & pure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3466 : Noon armvre Ageyn his schot pleinly myȝt endure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3368 : No venym may lasten nor endure In þe presence of þis rich stoon.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.816 : Of peris wyne is maade..Yet somer wol hit soure, & so confounde, And wynter wol endure & kepe hit longe.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.524 : Longe on the tre they wol endure.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30105 : I will my best coverd pece unto ye Mare of Hull..and so fro Mare to Mare whils it may indore.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)351 : And thynges wyth whiche they fetely blere oure eye, Wyth thynges not endurynge that we bye.
- c1450(c1396) Chaucer Buk.(Benson-Robinson)27 : Unwys is he that kan no wele endure. If thow be siker, put the nat in drede.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.159 : Þe febilnesse and þe infirmytee Of mennes yen wiche mowe noght endure What þat þou art wiþ-ynne forþ for to see.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)27 : Thei enqwyred of uirgile who longe þis werk schuld endewre.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.302 : The monye that I hadde of yowe att Londun maye not indur with me tyll that the Kyng..kome ageyn.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4919 : To make plvmbys of leed and newe lynes..substancyaly wrought to endure.
- c1475(?a1449) ?Lydg.Pag.Knowl.(Trin-C R.3.21)84 : Tubalcaym of stele founde þe temprure, Forgyd plates, long to endure.
3.
(a) To resist or hold out against (an enemy, an attack); (b) to bear up under or stand (danger, pain, hardship, emotional stress); (c) to tolerate (something), to put up with (annoyance or insult); (d) to suffer; to undergo or experience (suffering); enduren deth, to die.
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3217 : Þys frenschemen ne andurieþ ous noȝt.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)293/374 : Vortiger had not power Against them longer to endure.
- a1450 Glo.Chron.B (Lond-U 278)4598 fn. : Endure [A: Þe saxons sette aȝen him þe wule hii miȝte dure.]
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3289 : Þe Sarazynes myȝte nouȝt endour [vr. no lenger dure].
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)404 : Yolde youe here to me; Ye may not longe endure.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.394 : The Melle & the peple there was so strong, That Enduren Seraphe ne myht nat long.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)2410 : The Almaignes on theim pursewe so stronge, That it endure they might not longe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)134 : Noon myght his strokes endure.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.27 : No man may endure forto stonde to fore þat den.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)298/17 : Take kepe þat þou lete no man blood but if he mowe endure itt.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1082 : Anvnder mone so gret merwayle No fleschly hert ne myȝt endeure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.299 : And after þat he moste also endure With a serpent of huge and gret stature.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6858 : How myȝt his cruel herte endure, Merciles to done so foule a dede!
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.864 : What! Is the sonne wers, of kynde right, Though that a man, for feeblesse of his yen, May nought endure on it to see for bright?
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6865 : For-why na witt of man may endure To se a devel in his propre figure.
- (1443) Paston2.56 : Yf your sor be hol, and so that ȝe may indur to ryde.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)428 : Thees good grey freres..For þe loue of oure lord harde life induren.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.52 : Thow myght no myghti medicyne endure.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)103/15 : If I shuld be prisonner, itt behoves me to endur.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)356/7 : Thou art wake & werie & may not endure to fight with me!
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)256 : In that place fulle besyly I walked whyle I myȝt enduer.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)440 : Ther ys no more; I must enduer!
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4758 : Raþer þan we shulde þis endure, Twenty þousand shal with spere & sheld Vp-on a day be slayn in þe feld.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1925 : Euerich of ȝow paciently tendure Thenterchaungyng of his Auenture.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.224 : Yit am I but an hors, and horses lawe I moot endure, and with my feres drawe.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)145/15 : Soffre and endure what languege and wordes that shal be said vnto you.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.259 : And am the more glad withinne Of that I wot him sorwe endure.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.785 : I graunte wel that thow endurest wo.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2645 : And thus enduryng shalt thou ly.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.1558 : Thou shalt endure this punycioun, Been al to-torn and rent off a leoun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2770 : Woundid peeple that languisshe & endure.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)37.8 : In what Manner his deth he gan to Endure, be the fals Coniettyng Of his wyf.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11498 : Þan nemmyt he what noy the noble men of troy Enduret on dayes.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)70 : So gret greevaunce was it not..as it is to endure these harmes.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)prol.22 : The myssecheff & þe mysserule þat men þo in endurid.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)110 : For lyke a mon deth he most endure.
- a1500(c1450) Idley Instr.(Arun 20)2.S.363 : And þus þei induryd in þat woffull peyn.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)64 : And so endured the kynge in grete mysese for love of Ygerne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)155/1792 : In ther hertis the fervence did adawe Off parfit love for tendur long, As Salomon seith how love as deth is strong.
Note: New form: Also.. (in contraction) tendur.
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 2.(a).
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)157/1848 : This prince, stable in his entent, Maad strong in god for liff or deth tendur The lordis sonde [read: honde] & take his aventur.
Note: Additional quot.
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 3.(d).
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section may be incomplete and / or may need revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED. Provisional revised form section: Also endur(e, endour, enduer, endeure, endoire, andurien, indur(e, indore, induir & (in contractions) tendur(e; p.sg.3 endured, etc. & endurit; pl. endured, etc. & enduret.--notes per MLL