Middle English Dictionary Entry
ē̆nden v.
Entry Info
Forms | ē̆nden v. Also endi(e)n, andin. Forms: p. ended(e, ende; ppl. i-)ended, ent. |
Etymology | OE endian. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. ienden v.
1a.
To come to an end, have an end, stop, cease: (a) of a period of time or existence: to end;--also pass.; (b) of an activity, a state, a meeting, a festival, a ceremony: to end, stop, cease; (c) of anything having life: to reach the end of life or existence, die;--also pass.; (d) enden lif, to die; (e) of a book, chapter, etc.: to end; to have as a final part;--also pass. and refl; (f) of gram. forms: to have as a final part, to end (in an affix or inflection).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)18/25 : On þam life is an dæȝ, þe næfre ne endæþ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)68/3 : Þes weoruldlice dæȝ..bið iendod mid þan onsiȝendum æfne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26817 : And þe dæi ende.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)166 : And forð endede ðat fifte nigt.
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)2283 : Þus ended his time. Y wis he hadde an euel fine.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)121b/a : Whanne meovinge failiþ, þanne tyme endiþ, and þerfore tyme schal nouȝt leste alwey.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2175 : Þe toþer eild endis [Ld: endiþ; Trin-C: endeþ] in thare, þe quilk began at lel noe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.164 : Whan þe day was ent, to rest men wer alle laid.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.305 : When þe dede ys ydo and þe day yendyd.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1770 : When his lif sal here ende, He what never whider he sal wende.
- (1446) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.32 : Fro the fest of allehalwyn..on-to the terme of teen yeer þan nexte folwyng fully endyd.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.12.19 : The day..endith in the next strike of the plate under the forseide west orisonte.
- a1475 I beleue on god (Rwl B.408)133 : Graunt us þe life þat neuer ende.
b
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)17359 : Þus was þe king isend [Clg: iscænd], and þus eandede his ȝealp.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)540 : Allas! i trowe þis bitter bale botlesse wol hende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/b : Al þe office of þe day is endid vndir compendiousnesse of most schort euensong.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.226 : Right als þis werre was ent..þe pape his bulle sent hider.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1315 : The daunces thanne eended were.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2543 : And whanne thi speche is eendid all.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4930 : Youthe gynneth ofte sich bargeyn That may not eende withouten peyn.
- a1425 Ordin.Nuns(1) (Lnsd 378)143/28 : And when þis salme es endit, þan þe preste sall cume fra þe hee awter.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)1512 : Þus con ende þeo seouenþe bataile.
- a1450 Ordin.Nuns(2) (Vsp A.25)148/25 : When 'veni, creator' es endyd, þe prelete sal say.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8:Kingsf.)302 : The whiche parlement endid aboute the puryfication of oure lady thanne nexte.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)1987 : But at the last ther parlement yendyd ys.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)82/11 : Summe isceaftæ..endæð & to nohte iwurðæþ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)82/19 : Ðæh ðes monnes lichame swælte..ne mæȝ næfre his sawle endiæn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8348 : Herode king Wass endedd inn hiss sinne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5988 : Brennes walde Rome fulle fiftene ȝere; þa endede Brennes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16230 : Þus ændede þer mid muchele ærme Vortiger.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)294 : Engles ant sawlen..mahten endin þurh cunde.
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)11 : In slepe ne wende ich endie nocht.
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.45 : Wrothelich endit þat liþir doth.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3167 : Tragedie is to seyn a certeyn storie..Of hym that stood in greet prosperitee And is yfallen out of heigh degree In to myserie and endeth wrecchedly.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)841 : Þy body, ȝyf it þan smartly endes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6724 : Þe beist þan sal wit staning end.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)402 : Luf lokez to luf & his leue takez, For to ende alle at onez & for ever twynne.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)209 : How our lady endet [Vsp: endid; Trin-C: endede] and ȝalde hir blesset saule, hit sal be talde.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4622 : Þus sal þai enden sodanly.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.129 : Ac þo þat worche wel..And enden..in treuthe, þat is þe best.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13919 : All feblit þe freike, fainted of strenght..in point for to end.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)55 : He ended wel.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1387 : I yeve..To thy dough ter all my lond Yf that I end thore.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)176/7 : Sche was made a blessid lyver and fayre endyd.
d
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/30 : Þonne biþ þet wræcche lif iended al mid sori siþ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3254 : Uss birrþ endenn ure lif Inn ure gode dede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6210 : Ȝiff þatt ȝitt endenn ȝunnkerr lif.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)85 : Sein[t] Martin, þe bigan on his guwuðe þe clene lif..faire it endede.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2308 : He sholde in pes endy his lif.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)223/12 : Þe place þat he endede in his lif.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1813 : Her endenn þuss Goddspelless twa.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1528 : For þus him endeþ hornes song.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.74 : Whan the prologe is so despended, This bok schal afterward ben ended Of love.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258b/a : Þe tretys is y-ended and complete of þe fayrnesse of þe erþe.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)8/15 : Here eendith þe prolog of þis book.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15145 : The best Mas boke, begynnyng with the Kalender and endyng with the general prayer.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)41a : It is Endit: Explicit.
- c1450 Surge mea (Clg A.2)71 : Thus enþeth þys songe of gret swettenesse.
f
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)79/14 : Þe comparatif degre..endyth in englych j[n] er.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)103 : Whenne the posityf endyth not in r but in an othyr letter.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)115 : How knowyst a partyciple of the tyme that is nowe? Whenne myn Englysh endyth in ynge.
1b.
(a) To put an end to (something), stop (something); (b) to kill (someone); (c) enden from (of), desist from, come to the end of.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.259 : Crist toke flesche and blood and endede his fastynge.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)843/76 : King stephne..huld þer his feste.. & sone þer after þo he hadde yended þis.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)93/202 : Ah! welcome, Balaam, my frend! for all myne anguish thou shalt end.
b
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)1062 : Hit is riht þat þe rink be reufully ended And smite to þe smeþe ground.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)453 : A dragon aperis..And all his enmys in þat erd he endid in a stounde.
c
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)36.8 : Ende fram ire, and forsak wodeship.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)5459 : Quan he endid of his saue, His sonis blissed he on a rau.
2.
To carry out, complete, or finish (something): (a) to complete (an action) satisfactorily or successfully, to finish or win (a battle), to consummate (an intention or plan), to make a final disposition of (something); (b) to complete construction of, or build (a building, city, etc.); (c) to finish (a story, sermon, prayer, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3251 : Forr mann ne maȝȝ nohht borrȝhenn ben..Þohh mann biginne god to don, Butt iff mann wel itt ende.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)149/23 : For ði sume deden michel mare þan hie mihtin wel andin.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4199 : Þo eode he to me, olde wrecche, to endi þis foule cas.. & dude bi me is lecherye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)113 : He ne heþ miȝte to hit endi.
- (1345-6) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)124 : The Wardeynes and þe Feleshepe associed haue fully determyned, concluded, and endyd..That who so euer [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.87 : In þis manere þe secounde bataille Punicum was i-doo and endede in his tyme.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7374 : A woman..Þat sum of hys kyn haþ endyd ynne, Þat ys to sey, haþ ley here by.
- a1400 Crist made to man (Htrn 512)36 : And loue haþ endid þe strong fiȝt.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5885 : Ector..myght that day the batayl haue ent.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)139 : Eendyn, or makyn a(n) ende: Finio, consummo, desino.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1486 : Quen all þe cite was on-slepe & sacrifis endid [vr. endytt].
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)30/28 : But whan kynge Arthure saw the batayle wolde nat be ended by no maner, he fared woode as a lyon.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)41a : To Ende: Conficere, complere, consummare, diffinire, finire, finitare, ad effectum deducere, determinare & -ri, efferre, terminare, sepire.
b
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)8709 : In one nihte þat worch was ihended [Clg: iforðed].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)568 : An hundred winter..welken or it [the ark] was ended wel.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8310 : Þin sun sal end it [the temple], salamon.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.758 : Swa yt ye brigg be endede Ande mad be yat tyme.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)161/611 : And on þe temple fast þai wroght, And endid it of masonry.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)77/10 : By cause þat Ninus endid it, þerfore is it called Niniue.
- (1425) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.163 : The wheche werkes sholen be truly doon, ended, and perfourmed.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)272 : A wright þat was wise þis werke for to ende.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)43/470 : Hu wult tu þet ich endi þe þe tale þe waxeð aa as ich telle.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)11b : Wið þe miserere, gað biuoren ower weoueð & endið þear þe graces.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)28/6 : Whan Jesus hadde hended his sarmoun, he ȝede adoun.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)198 : Whene he had Endide his Sermone.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)23/16 : Macmurgh hadd his tale y-endyd in his speche.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4927 : Tyl the messe of Requiem be endyd.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)56/28 : At þe sermon endyd, þe kyng shal sitte.
3.
To lead (to an action); to end or result (in a certain state).
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8187 : Swa endede þæ pleowe þat Herigal læi of-sloȝen.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)27a : Ga sech wið uten þe worldes frakele froure þe schal endin eauer i sar & i sorhe.
- c1275 Mon may longe (Clg A.9)39 : In deð schal þi lif endi.
- a1375 Al oþer loue (Eton 36)4 : Al oþer loue is lych..as day þat scwret and endt in rein.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.194 : For every joie bodily Schal ende in wo.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1781 : Which endeth al his joie in wo.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328a/b : A gret quantite may be dyvyded and wexe lasse and lasse and be ended litil.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9699 : Pes endes al [Ld: In pees all endiþ] þat wel es wroght, Qua has na pes he has als noght.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.849 : A comdie hath in his gynnyng, At prime face, a maner compleynyng, And afterward endeth in gladnes.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.834 : Endeth thanne love in wo? Ye, or men lieth.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.2.80 : Tragedye is to seyn a dite of a prosperite for a tyme, that endeth in wrecchidnesse.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)6.1 : The seuen psalmes..end in certaynte of pardoun.
- a1500 While þu hast (UC 33)40 : For al is gode which endeis gode.
4.
To have an end-point, limit, or boundary.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.47 : Asia..endeþ westwarde at þe grete see.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)177a/b : Þees londes eenden estward atte cleues of Asia.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)178a/a : The este and southe partie þere of..eendeþ at þe Ilondes of gades.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)107b/b : Þe cercle to þe whiche þe siȝt strecchiþ and endiþ hatte Orisoun.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)94a/a : In þe towel forsoþ ar terminate or ended 5 veynez which ar called emoraidez.
5.
Phil. & rel. (a) To be supreme over (something else), to be the final cause of (something), to be the fulfillment of (something); ending cause, final cause; ending joi, supreme joy; (b) to have an end, to be temporary.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)39 : Þet seofeðe [duty of a Christian] is cherite: heo fulled alle þa oðre þing and endeð.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)189 : Þis es full Ioy, þis is endyng [Thrn: Endles] Ioy.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.8.8 : Lo, þe dayes schal come..and I endende schal gyne [L consummabo] a newe testament.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)234 : Þou [God] art þe cheef principal final and ending cause of þe same lawe and service.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)68 : Þi [God's] kynde is..forto be þe eende of oþere þingis, and þerynne þou haste abilte to receive and to eende and profitee and reste hem.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)61 : He [God] is end of þe oolde lawe, filling and ending and avoyding after þat riȝtwisnes axiþ.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25863 : To ending [Frf: clensing] fir sal þou be send.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)84/14 : Thes er tho þat out soght, an[d] disputyd of þinges þat er ouer kynde, of full, of voyde, of endyd, of vnendyd [L de finito et de infinito].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Add to gloss in sense 5.(b): ppl. ended as noun: things that are limited or finite.--per MLL