Middle English Dictionary Entry
either pron.
Entry Info
Forms | either pron. Also eider, ethir, euther; (early) æȝþer. |
Etymology | OE ǣghwæþer, ǣgþer. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. outher pron.
1.
(a) Both (of two), both things, both persons;--also as adj.; (b) all (of more than two), one and all, every, any; (c) either..and, ~..ge, ~ge..and, ~ge..ge, both..and; not only..but also.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)10/20 : Ac þe an Hælend, on æȝðer ȝecynde, Godes ant monnes, mihte wæl swa spæcan.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)157 : Eiðer of þisse teres schedde þe apostel.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)439 : At þe furste dunt, he smot out eyþur eyȝen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29164 : Þai sal eiþer for þair foly Bren in þe fier of purgatori.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11060 : So burly þo big brusshit to-gedur Þat backe to þe bent borne were þai aither.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)32/18 : Than eythir lette theire horsys renne as faste as they myght.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)517/24 : And so ayther knyghtes made them redy with two grete spearys.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)1204 : Ayther were armed on a stede.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)830 : Who so winneþ þe turnament al Bi aiþer [Cai: euery] half, þe priis have schal.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)244b/a : Þe roote is moder and welle of eyther herbes and most nedeful substaunce.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)108a/b : In wryþinge, he [the leg] was drawen to eyþer [L quamlibet] partie.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2018 : Euþer buerne all bare, on þere best wise, Soghten to sainttes.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.21/29 : All demaynes of ayther honowr þe which lye to þe Castell of Oxenforde.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1116 : Þa gyld þe se cyng nam, ægðer ge binnan burgan & butan.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1117 : Normandig wearð swiðe gedreht ægðer ge þurh gild ge þurh fyrde.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)26/13 : Feringæ wearð heo bæften al on brune, æȝðer ȝe þet ræȝl þe heo on hæfde ȝe þe lichamæ al wiðæftan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)72/32 : He iseah, þurh Criste, æȝðer mid eaȝan & mid ȝeleafan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)116/31 : Ealle men, æȝþær þa ðe ær forðiwitene wæron ȝe þa ðe þenne on lichame libbende beoð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)120/27 : Þa dude Crist swa þe arfeste larþeow don sceal: æȝþer ȝe heom mid his honden up arærde, & eac mid his worde frofrede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7176 : Tatt iss eȝȝþerr himm & heom Unnhalsumm to þe sawle.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223 : Þa weran boðe deadlice and cuðon ȝeider god and yfel.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)23 : Bute þu heo alle [þine sunne] for-lete, eiðer ȝe þa ane ȝe þa oðer.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)21 : Godalmihtin þe mei fordon eiðer ȝe þine wrecche licome and þine saule.
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)306 : [I]ch can ben aiðer, ȝief isal, lichame and sowle lache.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)62 : Eiðer to lutel and to muchel scal þunchen eft hom baþe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7190 : Romleode..sette ȝeld a þisse londe, æiðer [Otho: boþe] seluer & gold.
- (1455) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers27 : In holy churches and ellswhere in eyther places conuenient and needfull.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)136 : Kepyng, nevyrtheles, in alle maner of eythyr thyngys and lawys, nought makyng subjecte..one of the same realmys on to the othyr.
2a.
(a) Each of two, each one; (b) as adj.: each.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B) : Æȝþer hafeð strang mæȝan.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)116.93/13 : Nim þa wirt & piper, æȝþres ȝelice micel be ȝewyhta.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10335 : Þatt eȝȝþerr inn hiss time Þurrh Drihhtin ȝede upp o þe flumm.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15982 : Æiðer [Otho: aiþer] wende to his hole.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)32/11 : Þet eiðer, of his ahne & of þe oðres ba, treowliche beo trusti.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)433 : He bede hem pens mo, Aiþer ten schilling.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)32 : In þe west cuntre woned tvay kniȝteþ.. & aiþer of hem hadde wedded wiif.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)833 : Eþer munged of þe mater þat þai most louede.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1014 : Þanne told eche til oþer here tenes & here sorwe, þat sadly for eiþers sake hadden suffred long.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16830 : Þe two þei fonde sumdel in lif; Of eiþer [Göt: eþer] þei brake þe þe.
- c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 4568 : To my twey sonys I beqweyth a thwsund pund, eythyr fyf hundryd pund.
- (1413) Will in Bk.Lond.E.217/20 : Ayder of hem to haue for ther trayuayll a gode bow.
- (1415) Will in Bdf.HRS 226 : Item..ij peuter pottis, eyther of a potell.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1033 : Thus necessite in eyther is.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)1505 : Apon þe morwe for eyþeris [Suth: ayther] sake, On boþe half treowenes was y-take.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.348 : He made hir a signe..Tyl eytheres wille waxeth kene.
- (1428) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : At the costes and expenses of both the said craftes, and spended to the use of eithere of thaym.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)21/1 : Tak pulyol & comyn, of ayther ylik mekill.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)74/14 : Twa ymagez.. & the lenthe of aythir of þam was twa cubettis.
- (1453) Wars France in RS 22.2479 : For eithre of the said banerettes iiij s. by day, for euerie of the said knichtes ij s. by day.
- (1474) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)11.819 : For ii of the said Yomen either of them xii d. by the Day, and for every of the Remanent vi d. by the day.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1410 : Eythers stede went forthe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)190/27 : Þen þe Emperoures maden to eyþur of hom [Peter and Paul] a gret chyrch yn Rome, and wold haue borne eyþur bones to hys chirch.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)44/8 : Take the ius of tansy and hony y-puyryd, of ayþer y-lyche moche.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1101 : Þis þa mid aðe gefestnodan xii þa hihste of ægðre healfe.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)102.67/4 : Nim..of æȝre handen ðreora peneȝa ȝewyhta.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10590 : Eȝȝþerr off þa tweȝȝenn wass Beþania ȝehatenn..þurrh þe name of eȝȝþerr tun Iss herrsummnesse tacnedd.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)81/7 : Wa ȝeu..ðe spekeð an aiðer half, swilche ȝie here beire friend wære.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)51/555 : He dude on eiðer half hire fowre of hise cnihtes.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1229 : Harde boffetes hi him ȝeue vnder eyþer ere.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)34 : Hire chyn is chosen, & eyþer cheke whit ynoh.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)815 : On aiþer half maidene: fiue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.125 : In eyþer Galilea is good lond.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1684 : This strete..was free, and open at eyther [vr. euery] ende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1662 : God bad the rede See divide, Which stod upriht on either side And yaf unto his poeple a weie.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)112a/a : Wiþ his eiþir qualite, coold & drye, he byndiþ & sleeþ þe childe.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)110/11 : Þer ben iiij boonys, ij on eiþir side.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2180 : Hit hade a hole on þe ende & on ayþer syde.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)3108 : Twa faces..With lang noses..And vgly eres on aiþer syde.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)2a/b : Arnold de noua villa floured in ayther faculte [i.e. Phisic & Cirurgie].
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)1058 : Byfore þe emperoure þe childe was broghte, A kyng one aythir syde.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)12/39 : Englysshe men and walsshe dwellyn medelyd to-gedur on eyþur syde of þe fosse.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)4/24 : He schall haue accusars..on aythyr syde hym.
2b.
(a) her ~, their ~, each of them, each of the two; our ~, each of us two; unker ~, your ~, each of you two; ereither = her either or?ever either; (b) ever ~, each, either, both (emphatic).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12874 : Eȝȝþerr þeȝȝre wass Off soþfasst lufe filledd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)119 : Forr eȝȝþerr here ȝede swa Rihht affterr Godess lare.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Eour eyþer sunegað bi-foran drihten.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)141 : Hur eiðer alumð..þis woreld.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)32170 : Ich inc halsi beien..þat unker æiðer oðer luuie swa his broðer.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1892 : Heora eiþer wilnada oðer to wælden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)185 : & mai hure eiþer wat hi wile Mid riȝte segge.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1151 : He haueð ðe dede wrogt And on eiðer here a knaue bi-geten.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1882 : Gripeth eþer unker a god tre, And late we nouth þise doges fle.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1720 : Tueie kinges..hor eiþer vp oþer worrede vaste.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)62/1753 : Ȝyf hy boþe by assent Þe þrydde treuþe leyde, Her eyþer oþer for to haue.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4659 : Seue fet of lengþe hur ayþer was told.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)8360 : Þe king..did þair ether [Trin-C: boþe] dun for to sitt.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.188 : Excitynge oure aiþer oþer til oure olde synne.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)13.137,138 : Here aiþeres wil hasteliche god a-soilede, And aiþeres werkes..he alowede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.351 : That lyf þorw his lore shal..acorde with conscience and kisse her either other.
- (1426) EEWills75/21 : Iohn Biderenden..and Iohn Carpynter..and her either successours.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)82/19 : Þei spokyn be an jnterpretowr, a man þat telde her eyþyr what oþer seyde.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.808 : So shal ereither [BodAdd: her eitheres] werk ben ouerblowe.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.880 : Ereithir wol be wortwormys bane.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.397 : He seyd ereithe [BodAdd: her either] sappe wol condescende Vnto that mene.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)122 : Prayinge her of pleasaunce To God be first, by Harry Kyng of Fraunce and Englond, and thenne ereither londe Peasibilly that God putte in his honde.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1085 : Her eyder oþer for to slo Swerdes droghe.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4308 : Þet æuere eiþer oðer luuede alse is broþer.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Prov.27.3 : A stoon is heuy, and grauel is chariouse; but the ire of a fool is heuyere than euer eithir.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.15.10 : Which took alle these thingis..and settide euer eithir partis ech aȝens other.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)2/6 : Þerfore..is maad þis litil present book and anoþir book..and euer eiþir in foorme of a dialog.
2c.
(a) either..other, each..the other; (b) either other, each other, both, one another, each the other; (c) either after other, in turn, in succession; (d) either in other, mutually.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)336 : Eȝȝþerr sibb wiþþ oþerr.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31677 : Let þu þa hundes..eiðer freten oðer, swa hund deð his broðer.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3932 : Eiþer hateden oþer.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1958 : Þet te twa turnden, eiðer wiðward oðer.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)73/74 : Eyþur of oþeres Men al-to grounde a slouȝ.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2665 : Þer mouthe men se to knithes bete Ayþer on oþer dintes grete.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)65/1827 : And ayþer folȝy oþer.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)66 : Chidinge is huanne eyder lyexneþ oþren.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1240 : Grimly wiþ gret cours eiȝþer gerdeþ oþer.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)603 : Ayþer gan oþer harde assayl.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.105 : Þey fil into kissinges aiþer of oþer [L oscula mutua].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)800 : Aieþer thoght of oþere scham.
- a1400 Floris (Eg 2862)105/957 : Ayther bemeneþ oþeris woo.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)7/7 : Þei spekiþ eiþer to oþer.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)11/22 : Þe stiȝe hauis tua tres, bitakins þe body and te saul, ayþar at helpe oþir.
- (1448) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.44 : Iche of the seid parties to theise endentures either to other theire seales han set.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)126 : For ethir-is þouȝt & tent was, othir to begile.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)27/28 : Whan aythir oste saw othir, they of the Northe were well comforted.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1789 : Eythyr spared other lyte.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1507 : Whan ayðer ost gan oþer asayle, þer began a strong batayle.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)168/162j : Ether gave oder grysly wonde.
b
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)97/509 : Eiþer oþer sone ikneu.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)605 : Nas non of hem wiþ oþer wroþ, Bote clippe & kusse eyþer oþer.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)135/161 : Ȝef acord hem hedde yfaylled, Ar ayder oþer hedde a-saylled Wyþ wykked word.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1613 : Eiþer of þemperoures, er þei wold stint, eiþer oþer keste kindeliche þat time.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.163 : Þerfore it is þat Mercii..vnderstondeþ bettre þe side langages, norþerne and souþerne, þan norþerne and souþerne vnderstondeþ eiþer oþer.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.127 : Þe Prest and Perkin þo Apposeden eiþer oþer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)37a/b : Membris helpiþ eiþir oþir.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)708 : Þe Queene he meteþ; fful hendely either [Hrl: ether] other gretiþ.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)338 : And ay þou meng..Uche payre by payre to plese ayþer oþer.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)11.282 : Wydewers and wydewes weddeþ ayþer oþere.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)49/12 : Þese laste tweyne wiþsiggeþ nouȝt eiþer oþer.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Cor.7.5 : Defraude ȝee not eyþer oþer [L inuicem].
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)135 : We shalle travayle for owre power, to the effecte and to the avyse and a-sent of thys [read: three] estatys of eythyr othyr realmys of Fraunce and of Inglonde.
c
- (1439) EEWills124/22 : If he die withoute heires of his body comyng, than the same maners..forto remayne to Iohn and Henry, his brether, aither aftir othir in the taile.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)939 : Seyn sall ȝe offyre, aythyre aftyre oþer, Menskfully at Saynt Mighell.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)713 : Twey sones he had in hys lyffe..þey Regneden eyther after oþer.
d
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.14.19 : Þo thynges þat ben of edificacyoun, kepe we þem eyþer in oþer [L inuicem].
- a1450(1412) Glade in god þis (Dgb 102)78 : Ȝe haue resceyued ȝoure god of myȝt, Ayþer in oþer, ȝoure wille is on.
3.
(a) Either (of two), either (alternative); (b) as emphatic adv.: also, too.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2212 : With luytel aise he miȝte..ligge also opon eþur.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)357 : Chese on aiþer hand, Wheþer þe leuer ware Sink or stille stand.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1274 : Bot with þe world comes dam fortone, Þat ayther hand may chaung sone.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1004 : How goddes gonne stellifye Bridd, fissh, best..As the Raven or eyther Bere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10930 : Two nomys had þat noble..Knowen in his cuntre kyndly by aither.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.288 : Þe schippes..þat þere flete In ayther of these ryueres [Tigris & Euphrates] doun along.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)102 : An ablatyf case of eyther noumbre.
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)527 : Þo ton in reyd, þo todur in blacke: Had eydur of hom byn to lacke, Full evyll we had ben steyd.
b
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)344 : & mad Adam, & hys wyf eyþer, a cote of leþer.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)89 : Thai found ȝou werse than harlotes, Or jogulours ether.
- (1445) ?Bokenham Claudian CS (Add 11814)271/154 : Who myght the see vnoccupied, or dissolute eithir, in soule As thogh no thing were charge to the?
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)129/24 : Þu art holdyn þe grettest loller in al þis cuntre, er a-bowte London eythyr.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)123.8 (v.2:p.312) : Martha and hyre sustyr possedid by hyre modrys ryht the enheritaunce of thre grete lordshypys, as the castel clepyd Magdalun, eythir Bethanye, and a part of the cyte of Ierusalem.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1479 : The secund..was parys, Or Alisaunder ewther was his other name.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section are incomplete and / or may need revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--notes per MLL