Middle English Dictionary Entry
dū(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | dū(e adj. Also duwe, duewe, duhe & deu(e, dieu(e, diue & doe. Sup. deuest. |
Etymology | OF dëu, du, p.ppl. of devoir. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Of actions: proper, just, morally right; also, conscientious, careful.
Associated quotations
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)924 : The king..Bad me in hast, as hym thoghte dewe, To sle the childe.
- (1426) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.4252 : Þe which þe forseid lorde shall fynde..by dewe and diligent serche.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)17 : Þei failen in dwe chastisynge of synne.
- a1440 Fasc.Zizan.(BodeMus 86)439 : It is nedeful to every man..to do duhe penaunce for synne.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)64 : Thanne is it dewe That he be partenere in peyne.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.202 : The true, due and effectuall diligence of him in ministring the saide deuine seruice.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)6 : Meintenyng of werre is a cursid deede, not dew to be meyntened.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)901 : Serge ȝour condicyons with dew examinnacion!
2.
(a) Prescribed by law or custom; legal, customary, regular; ~ to, rightfully due to (sb. or sth.); (b) in ~ form, in accordance with prescribed usage; in ~ manere, according to established custom or tradition; in ~ time, at a set time, at a time established by the Church or by a monastic order; bi ~ manere, regularly, justly; (c) of a duty or service: to be fulfilled, obligatory; ~ to (unto), due to (sb.); (d) incumbent upon (sb.); ~ to, incumbent upon; (e) of a debt, tax, fine, tribute, alms, offering: payable, owed; also fig.; ~ to, owed to (sb.); (f) of an ability, a quality, etc.: that belongs to one, one's own; ~ to, belonging to, appropriate to; ~ nightes, respective nights.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.561 : [Ire] bynymeth eek goddes due lordshipe, and that is mannes soule and the loue of his neighebores.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)14a/b : A Jerarchie is..resonable holdinge of dewe principate ouer subiectes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1173 : Horestes..was eke kept..With attendaunce convenient & due To his estat.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1022 : To do [ho]nur and dieu [vrr. dew, diwe] reuerence To fader [and] moder.
- (1436) RParl.4.498a : Ye said Isabell may have and pursue by Attourney an effectuel Appell..of ye said ravyshement agayns ye seid William..and theruppon to have due and lawefull execution.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.900 : To fadir & moodir that we do dieu honour.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)273/61 : Madame, I do but þat diewe is.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)53/7 : His customable guerdon, þe whiche is dewe of olde antiquite to be ȝevyn to conquerours.
- (1457) LRed Bk.Bristol2.185 : Euery man of the seid crafte that will nott appere after dew warnyng to the chesyng of the Maister.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30223 : To make playn restitucon and dieu satisfaccon of any extorcion or injuriez doone.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)272/29 : Yeldyng..to the lordis of the fee dewe and wonyd seruyce.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)4/121 : Þe tende pagent..comaundyth men to be war and brynge here douterys to dew weddyng.
b
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.23 : Knytes schuld were clothes I-schape in dewe manere, As his order wold aske.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.407 : Assentiþ to me and holdeþ þe Ester day in dewe tyme [L debito tempore].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2928 : Whan that lawe was confermed In due forme and al affermed, This innocent..His Papacie anon hath weyved.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.37 : O thou governour, governynge alle thynges by certein ende, whi refusestow oonly to governe the werkes of men by duwe manere?
- (?1430) Paston2.33 : Your ministre..to professe in dwe forme the seyd monkes of Bromholm.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)141 : In the toun, where the ballyves mown in due maner makyn deliveraunce by wed and borgh.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)10 : The Kyng lete so ordeyne his parliament yn due forme at Edenbourghe.
- (1463) in Lyte Cat.Mus.PRO40 : Yff ye thynke ye schult have a warrant..ye may have on made in dew forme.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)99/23 : Þat þey schal ȝeelde acounte..of all maner resseytis & expensis & of all oþer þinges in diew maner.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)51/17 : If they say not in dewe tymes, they muste sey iij Pater noster.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.764 : Skile is that men do hir deuoir ther as it is due.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.510 : With besy herte to poursuie Thing which that is to love due.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)21/6 : He þat holdiþ of anoþer & doþ nouȝt his due office & seruise, he schal lese his fee.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)704 : Of one ligeaunce dewe unto the kynge.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)367/326 : Alle creaturys therto owyn dew obeschaunce.
d
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)124 : Now is non so vnkuynde a beeste Þat lasse doþ þat weore him duwe.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)603 : Hym thoughte there nas nothyng to hym so due As Cleopatras for to love and serve.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.30147 : I John Nevill..remembryng ye uncertante of this worlde, and as it due [?read: is due] to every creatur to dispose and ordeyne for the helthe of his saule, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)69 : Esperus afforcid hir corage..To syng hir complyn & than gon to reste, And at the risyng of the Queene Alceste, To syng ageyn, as it was to his [read: hir] dewe.
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1452 : They sholde..yelde hir dette whan that it is due.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)894 : Þay arn boȝt fro þe vrþe aloynte As newe fryt to God ful due.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)32/9 : Ȝeldeþ & payeþ to alle men what is dewe; to hem to whom tribute is dewe, payeþ tribute.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6638 : Almessis that be Dewe to folk..Lame, feble.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)312 : Ȝif tiþes weren dewe bi Goddis comaundement.
- (1431) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.12063 : All the forfetes that heraftre shall falle and be due shalbe employed..to the craft to the supporting of their pageant.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)78/3 : If in stide of a peny dew to man, he wolde ȝeue to þe same man a groot or a noble.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)37/16 : All the arreragis dew to them of the yerely rente.
f
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)17a/a : He [angel] fongiþ al þat is dewe to a creature, Suffisaunt strengþe [etc.].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3162 : To a wysman only is nat dewe To se þe gynnynge and þe endynge noȝt, But boþe attonis peisen in his þouȝt.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12491 : Foure dayes..& hor du nyghtis, ffull soundly þai sailed.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)103/3 : Be þe inobediens of..Adam, mankynd lost þe dew dominacion of hymself and of oþir þingis.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)6.239 : Lyke as hit is a signe of pride to covette thynges that be not dewe [Trev.: noȝt riȝtful; L indebita], so hit scholde appere a signe of slawthe to despise thynges that were dewe.
3.
(a) Proper, right, appropriate; also, adequate, sufficient; of proportion, quantity, shape, etc.: correct, right; (b) in ~ manere, in the correct manner, properly; in ~ time, at a ~ hour, at an appropriate time; (c) true, correct; genuine, real, rightful.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3247 : Of due constellacion Thou..dost that children ben begete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)34b/b : If it is I holde ouer dewe tymes it is cause & occasioun of ful gret greues.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/b : [Impure gold] is vnobedient to fonge dewe shappe by betyng of hamour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)227b/b : It rypeþ nought for defaute of dewe hete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)333b/a : Armonia..cometh of due proporcioun in diuers voice.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)112/16 : Þese veynes..bryngen lijf & dewe [Add: dywe] norischinge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)60a/b : A profound wounde..is often tymez cured with suture & dwe ligature.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)10b/a : Compownede of many þinges..with dewe quantite and qualite.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)19b/b : The Innatural humours ben..sente to dewe places for some manere helpynges.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)231 : Þat þe deede haue dewe mater, dewe eende, dew maner, dew tyme, dew place, dewe meenys, þat is to seie such as þe doom of resoun wole deeme to be had of þilk deede.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1355 : Which demension is thought to be right a goode, conuenient, and due proporcion.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)66 : Leue dewe deuocioun ȝow byhynde.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)2811 : I ha no konnyng dywe To declare the walywe So ryche of stonys and tresour.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)51 : Aristotel..wrote alle the philosophi and sette it in dew forme.
- (1464) Paston (Gairdner)4.90 : Plesyth your goodnesse..to have compassion upon us, ye havynge dooe swerte both in obligacions and pleggs.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)24/12 : Meenys han a dewe ordre forto go bifore þe þingis into whiche þei ben meenys.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)26/4 : To hem þat askyth hit mekely wyth dew reuerence.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2444 : Ye han erred also for ye han nat examyned youre conseil..in due manere, as the cas requireth.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)228a/a : Euerich maner fruyt be take in due manere and acordyng drynk be take þerafter in couenable oþer in due tyme.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)364 : Hym oweth..wel to heren here excusacyouns..In duewe tyme.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1274 : Þou mos hym asaye..not eche day to egge hym, but in a deue tyme.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Eliz.Spalb.(Dc 114)118/7 : Onees atte a dewe oure, and, as me meniþ, bytwix sexte & noon, hir moder broghte hir a litil mylke.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)268 : Thenne þou may norissh þe childe in a dewe maner.
c
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)390 : This word meede..is takun vnpropirly and out of his dewist signifying.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11612 : Amphimac the fre, for his fell wordes, Was dampnet in-dede, þof þai du were.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12925 : The lady by lettur þan louely send ffor Dyamede þe derfe, þat was hir du lorde.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)352 : Now es no wighte in þis werlde so dewe ne so dere, No kyng ne no kayser, þof þay bere crown.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.60 : Þe dewe dame dineth hem swythe And fostrith hem forthe till þey fle kunne.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)393 : Whiche places bene to thair deue kyng vnkynde.
4.
Of honor, reverence, courtesy, thanks: merited; of punishment: deserved; ~ to (unto), deserved by, merited by, owing to.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.189 : He axede þe worschippe þat was due [L honores..debitos] for so grete victories.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.457 : Thei sein ther is an helle Which unto mannes sinne is due.
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)196 : For defalte of help..Unethe hath Crist his dewe reverence.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)16/13 : To hem þat..mynistres sacramentes..me schal mynistre necessaries & dewe worschipe.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2734 : To owr immortal goddys yif deu þankyng.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3309 : Late Mankynde haue dew dystresse, In helle fere to be brent.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.47 : Paynes þat by rightwys iugement Been dewe to caytifs for þaire cursednesse.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)14/31 : To grete ye make curtesie of right, the whiche is dew to hem.
5.
Obligated (to do sth.); ~ to, in duty bound to serve or obey (sb.); vassal or subordinate to (a kingdom).
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4195 : Every governance is due To Pite..Pite is the foundement Of every kinges regiment, If it be medled with justice.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.102v : He was slayne for he chalanged Estangle as dewe to Merchenerich fro tyme of kyng Offe.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.7.59b : Thei be dewe to pay this dette.
6.
Of death, destiny: inevitable, predestined; for ~, as inevitable, for certain.
Associated quotations
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3044 : Thanne is it wysdom..To maken vertu of necessitee, And take it wel that we may nat eschue, And nameliche tha to vs alle is due.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)49 : Ȝif me be dyȝt a destyne due to haue, What dowes me þe dedayn, oþer dispit make?
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2673 : It was desteynid by dome & for due holdyn.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2723 : Men demyn hit for destyny, & for due holdyn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1418) Proc.Privy C.2.240 : Ye see that theer be taaken dewe accompte of the said John how many dayes he haath stande in oure said ambassiat and service.
Note: Belongs to sense 3.(a).
Note: Gloss: accurate, exact.--notes per MLL