Middle English Dictionary Entry
drǒunen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | drǒunen v.(1) Also drun(en, druen, drouenen, drone. Forms: p. drǒuned, drǒunet, drǒuened, drūnd; ppl. drǒuned, drǒunde, drǒunet, drǒunt, drūned, drūnd, drọ̄̆nt & adrǒuned, idrǒuned. |
Etymology | Prob. ON *drugna, *drunna, *drunkna; cp. OI drukna. See Björkman, Scand.Loan-Words, p.176. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To drown (sb.), kill by drowning; -- also refl.; (b) to be drowned, die by drowning; (c) ppl. drouned, drowned; ben drouned, to be drowned, drown.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14411 : God..drund [Frf: drounned] þe king, wit all his her.
- (1425) RParl.4.298b : Ye said Erle lete sakke hym forthwith and drounyd hym in Thamyse.
- (1433) RParl.4.475b : The said Duk..lete take the said Servant..and drowened hym.
- a1450(1411) Many man (Dgb 102)46 : Alle ȝoure enemys y drowned to dede.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2582 : Ouyr þe bord lopen he, And drownyd hemself in þe see.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)319 : The watur..drownyd the pepyll.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)39b : To Drowne: mergere, con-, de-, di-, e-, in-, mersare, mersitare.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)7/26 : Þe justyce commaundet to..cast hym yn a watyr forto drowne hym.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.45 : Pharao bad alle the Jewes, yr childere male forto drovne.
b
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)736 : En mer noe [glossed:] drounes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1848 : Noe and his loked ai don And weited ai quen þai suld drun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11793 : Al þai drund [Göt: drouned] in þe se.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24867 : All mon we drun [Phys-E: druen], sa wailawai!
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)372 : For when þe water of þe welkyn wyth þe worlde mette, Alle þat deth moȝt dryȝe drowned þerinne.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)245 : Now is Jonas þe Jwe jugged to drowne.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)57/17 : He..was in poynt to drowne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12694 : All drownet with dole, dukis & othir.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3032 : Fyfty of þe firste þat in þe flode drouned.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3850 : Narcisus For hys shadwe fille a-swovne, Whan he dyde in the water drovne.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5892 : Þai wer..in poynt forto droune.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)34/372 : Into ship..will I hy ffor drede that I drone here.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)77/414 : Help!..we drowne!
c
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.110 : If he be drowned in water, he sal be soughte vj myle about.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1886 : A druned beist þar lai flettand.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4249 : Ypomedoun..as he faught At the brigge..casuelly was drownyd.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)30/8 : He and all his oste ware drouned.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3318 : Ryȝt þere y-drownyd y fonde my page.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)7025 : What þere were drownyd and what were slawe.
- (?a1450) Rec.Norwich 1129 : Qwere any persone..is founden ded, þat is to seye drowned, slayne [etc.].
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.43 : Thay were drounet on the see, With wild waturs slone.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3712 : The bordes all to brast..The Dukes were drounet & oþer dere folke.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)8501 : He was nere-hand a-drownyd theryn.
1b.
To smother (sb.), stifle.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11899 : Þar-in þai hang him be þe fete, And drund [Frf: drouned] him in pike and terr.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)154/269 : Þe deueles of helle ȝou droune!
1c.
Fig. (a) To overwhelm (sb. or sth.), destroy; do away with (virtue), blot out (sin); (b) to plunge (sb. into death, damnation, etc.), plunge (oneself into vice, torment); (c) to plunge (into sth.), be engulfed; (d) ppl. drouned in teres, weeping profusely; drouned of win, very drunk.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18361 : Þou slockens al vr sin; þou has þam drund and don forfare.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22694 : Þan sal þar cum bath thoner and leuin, And drone [Frf: droune] al that es vnder heuin.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)35 : Qwenne the bely is not restreynyd by abstynence, all vertues ben drouned togedir.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)656 : Þat waschez away þe gyltez felle, Þat Adam wyth inne deth vus drounde.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)40/18 : Þei drowenen hem in erþeli couetise.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3446 : Ȝoure-silf to drowne in torment..Is gret foly.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Tim.6.9 : Desyres vnprofitable and noyouse þe whyche drowne [L mergunt] men in to death and dampnacyoun.
- a1450 Methodius(2) (Add 37049)109/27 : In-to helle þow sal be drowned [Hrl: drenchid; L demergeris].
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4710 : In herte is a dispeiryng hope..A swete perell in to droun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5022 : Youthe hir made In vanite to droune and wade.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3274 : In-to þe dike of debonerte, droune bud him nede.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4922 : Amphimacus..In teris drownid, gan to hym compleyne On Anthenor.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)3 Esd.3.23 : Whanne thei han be drowned of wyn..thei han no mynde what thinges thei diden.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.90 : Drownid in teres..she dide hym enbrace.
2.
(a) To sink (a ship); throw (books) into the sea; (b) of a ship: to sink, founder; of goods: be lost (at sea); (c) ben drouned, to sink or be sunk; be lost (at sea); (d) ben drouned, to be covered (with snow); of an arrow: be embedded in the flesh.
Associated quotations
a
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)71 : He tooke off hem iij carrykes..and drovned a grete hulke.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)476/2 : A company of fals men..slewe all þat were there..and after drowned theire shippes.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)579/28 : vj old shippes were lade with hard ston..to droune hem in þe haven..þat no shippis shuld come þer-in.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)209/35 : He..toke his bokis..to þe see, and drownot hom þer.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)259/33 : Þay reryn wyndys..and drowne schyppys yn þe see.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)121/9 : Water comeþ in and drowneþ the schippe.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24858 : Þair scip ai redi for to drun [Frf: droun], þai wandred waful on þat flod.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2477 : Ther shippis drownyd among the wawes rude, That non abod off al that multitude.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2597 : Off tresour he hadde nouȝt half þe mounde þat in þe drowmound was jffounde, For it drownyd in þe flood.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)96/7 : Sho lepe oute of þe ship into þe watir and, with strenthe of hur lowpyng, þe bote drownyd.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.949 : Som tyme his good is drowned in the see, And som tyme comth it sauf vn to the londe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.663 : Whan is shippes wer almost drowned.
- a1450 Rich.(Cai 175/96:Weber)2583 : Off tresour he hadde nought half the mounde..For it was drownyd in the flood.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13794 : Tyl hys vessel by som cost Be ydrownyd and ylost.
- a1500 Pennyw.Wit(2) (Cmb Ff.2.38)83 : Thy schyp ys drownyd in the fom.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)54a/a : If þe arwe forsoþ be immersed or drowned and may not be drawen oute bi þe partie bi which it entred.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.113 : They dawncede, beynge drownede in snawe unto the myddes of theire body.
3.
(a) To inundate or flood (land, a building, the world); (b) to become flooded or deluged; (c) to make (a medicine) penetrate or soak in.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1532 : Þat þis werld suld cum til end, Or drund wit watur or wit fir brend.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2228 : How to wer þam fra þe flode, þat drunand al þe werld ouer-yode.
- (1419) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8514 : The water myght noght hafe issue, for the whilk defaute a close of the erchebisshope was drowned yerly.
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7307 : The moste parte of this londe is charged with..water..and drownde, so that it may nother be tillyd.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107:Horst.)447 : Drownt [Vrn: Nis þer nout in world bi-leued þat nis destrued..And dreynt].
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)579/24 : Þei of þe toune had letten in the see and drownet al þe cuntre about hem.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)137/19 : If..þe fore-seide mille be drownid, brennid, or distruid.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Lamb 633)193/20 : At Noes flod, whan all the world was dront.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1532 : Hit ran ham..in þoȝt, at þis werlde sulde come til ende, to droun or wiþ fire be brende.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)122b/b : It [medicine for baldness]..oweþ to be dipped or drowned [L mergi; *Ch.(2): be drenchede] to þe profound in which is bigynnyng of rotez of þe herbes [read: heeres].