Middle English Dictionary Entry
drast n.
Entry Info
| Forms | drast n. Also darst, dreste. Pl. drastes, drasten, darstes & drestes, (?) dristes, derstes, dersten. |
| Etymology | OE; cp. WS dærst, Merc. derste; pl. dærstan, derstan, dresten. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Dregs, lees; sediment, scum; -- usually pl.; (b) the refuse of grapes after the juice has been pressed out; drastes of honi, wax; (c) dirt, refuse; also, garbage (?or mast) fed to hogs; (d) fig. the worst or poorest of anything; clei of drastes, slough of iniquity; resten in drastes, to be inert or sluggish. [See also oil ~, wax ~, win ~.]
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)549/22 : Amurca, i. fex olei: dersten.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.51.17 : Thou drunke it vp vnto the drestes [WB(2): drastes; L fæces].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.74.9 : The dreste [vr. drestes; WB(2): drast] of it [i.e. wine] is not wastid out; ther shul drinke of it alle the synneres of erthe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)36a/b : Þe kyndeliche malencolie..is I-bred in blood as drastes [L fex] in wyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)310b/b : Drastes of blak wyne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)232/24 : Summe is as it were drastis of oile [L fex olei].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)27a/b : Fecula: a lytel darst. Feculentus: fulle of darstes.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)27b/b : Fex: dartes [read: darstes] of ale or of wyne.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)43a/a : Muria: þe ouerest darstes of oyle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)177b/b : Fex cere..Dreste [Sln: Drestez] of We [Sln: wex]..Fex olei..Dreste [Sln: Drestez of] oile.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)471 : Take ale driftes [?read: dristes] and lies.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)174a/b : Oyle and waxe is an ensample þat þe drastes and filþe [L fex et sordities] be done awaye.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.944 : Sour lupyne, in drestis Of oil commyxt, wol dryue away this beestis.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)214/2 : Put it in þe drestis of oyle.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)282/918 : Tak drestis of ale.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)31/4 : Fylle a potte of drestys of good ale.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)33/12 : Take þe drestys of good wyn.
- a1500 PParv.(KC 8)131 : Drestys, drestys of oyle, drestys or lyys of wyne, supra in Dreggys.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)422 : Seth hem in red wyne or in drestes for a mane.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.3.1 : Thei..louen the darstis of grapis [L vinacea uvarum].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)317b/b : Wex is þe drastes of hony [L fex mellis]..been gadereþ þe liquour of hony medled wiþ þe drastes of wexe.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)184 : Troubel herte..thinketh it is streyned in a pressour shet with a vys..as drestes defouled.
- a1500 12 PTrib.(2) (Rwl C.894)397 : A pressoure pressith the grapis to departe the..wyne fro draffe & drastis [vr. drystes].
c
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)176b/a : Þe drastes of behyues.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)189b/a : Take..of wexe of þe drastes of bee hyves [*Ch.(1): filth of hyuez; L sorditiei alueorum].
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)369 : The wolf fownde a swyne..Etyng draffe and drestes.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.49.6 : That thou be to me a seruaunt..the drestus [L fæces] of Irael to be conuerted.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.48.11 : Moab..restede in his drestis [L in fæcibus suis], ne is ouerheld fro vessel in to vessel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.39.3 : The Lord..broȝte out me..fro the clei of drestis [L de luto fæcis].
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)340 : While I myght serve god I wold not, and now dwellen in me the drestes of all goodnesse.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)369 : There be many..that desyren and seken but draffe and drestes, that is, lecherie and lustes of this worlde.
2.
Phys. Impurities.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29a/a : Hete..clensith metal..Ȝif he findeþ ony þing of drastes oþir of rust, he departiþ & distroyeþ it.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206b/a : Brymstone is som tyme..boistous and ful of drastes and som tyme pure white and cleere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)308a/a : Þe material cause of white colour is clere and pure, wiþ oute medlyng of eorþy drastes.
3.
Physiol. (a) Impurities in a humor; (b) waste products of digestion, fecal matter; hard drastes; (c) the sediment of a humor, the poorest part.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)57b/b : Þe mylte helpiþ to fulfille þe defaute of þe body..to saue þe stomak to drawe to þe drestes of blood.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/a : Humours..in þe whiche symple qualitees of elementes haue þe maistry..ben clene ypurged & y-clensed of drastes of eorþe by kynde.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)36a/a : Þis kyndeliche colera..comfortiþ digestioun & clensiþ drasten & corrupcioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)75b/b : Hote watir wasschiþ þe fastinge stomak & purgiþ & clensith hit of derstes of mete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)260a/a : The guttes beeþ nedefulle to bere þe drastes & dritte to voyde it oute of þe body.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)99a/a : Þe feces i. drastes purgeþ ham & clenseþ ham, when þat the hole [of the fistula] is stopped or closed togidre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)151a/a : If..þe guttes schulde falle in to þe codde wiþ harde drestes [*Ch.(1): fecez indurate].
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)114 : This passione of the ilyke cometh often tymes..of harde drestys.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)33b/a : Malencolia..is more erþi & þe drestis of þe oþir [humors].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475 Yale-BA.Artist.Recipes (Yale-BA R486.M43 1450) 93/7 : Strayne hit thorogh a bagge of canvas so that all the drastes be lefte þerin.
Note: Need date, sense 1.(a).
- a1500 Rwl.C.506 Artist.Recipes (Rwl C.506) 165/15 : Put all þese togedir in a pott of erthe with all þe drastis and keuyr it.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(a). New spelling (pl.) = drastis.
- a1500 Sln.122 Artist.Recipes (Sln 122) 86/37 : Take fyne chalk, and loke þat þer be non of drest or of soonde þerin.
Note: Clarke's gloss = 'grit'. Additional quot., sense 2. New spelling (drest).