Middle English Dictionary Entry
alma(u)nde n.
Entry Info
| Forms | alma(u)nde n. Also almo(u)nde, al(l)ema(u)nde, amounde, (in comb. with -butere or -milk) almaun-, almon-. |
| Etymology | OF al(e)mande, amande. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The fruit of the almond tree; (b) bitter ~; swete ~; jardin ~, Jordan almond.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.632 : Fykes, reisyn, dates, Almaund.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester8 : For j c lb. Almandes ijd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6895 : Almandes [Frf: almondes; Göt: almaundes] was groun þar-on.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.43.11 : Almaundis [WB(2): alemaundis; L amygdalarum].
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)352 : Treen..ffulle off ffruytes lade..Orenges, almondis, and the pome-gernade.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)189 : Such maner merchaundyse that be seld and weyen by the c, as..almondys.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)10 : Sette þer-on..Allemaundys blaunchid.
- (1471) Paston (Gairdner)5.119 : Sende me word qwat price a li. of..almannys [read: almaunys].
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.15 : Take almondes unblanched and grynd hom smalle.
- c1475 St.Anne(2) (Trin-C R.3.21)163 : Seynt Mary..The hygh almond of the most dyuyne floure Hath brought forth.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)99 : I hawe..In my shyppes..Almundis and reys.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213a/b : Swete almoundes beþ goode to mete and bitter almondes to medicyne..Þe swete amounde helpeþ þe stomak..Neih al þe tre þat bereþ bitter amoundes is medicynal.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)257 : Iardyne almaunde: Amigdalum jardinum.
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57328 : Paid..for..almundys jardens.
- a1500 Travel Instruc.(CotApp 8)281 : Almandes, bothe bitter and swete, ben byndyng.
2.
The almond tree; ~ tre.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.303 : Iacob took grene ȝerdes of populers, of almand trees [Higd.(2): roddes of almonde trees; L virgas..amygdalinas].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)149a/b : He [the locust]..is I-fattid wiþ floures of almaundes [L floribus amigdalinis].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)209b/b : By craft of tilyenge bitter almond trees beþ y made swete in sauour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213a/b : An almound tree bereþ double fruyt, swete and bitter.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213b/a : Gomme of almand trees helpeþ hem þat casteþ blood..Litel oþir nought is in þe almound tree þat acordeþ nouȝt to medicyne.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6893 : For it was an almaunde wand [Trin-C: almounde wonde].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.30.37 : Jacob took greene ȝerdis..of almoundis [WB(1): almanders].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Eccl.12.5 : An alemaunde tre [WB(1): the almaunder; L amygdalus] schal floure.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)4a/b : Amigdalus: an almaund tre.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.769 : Graffyng in trees seer, As melo, almaunde & thorn.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)11.200 : He [Pistace] may be graffed in an almauntre [L amygdalo].
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1341 : The Alamand tree wyth jardyns fructuos, Distillyng gom from hys boolle precios.
3.
almaund butere, butere of ~, almond butter; creme of ~, a substance of creamy consistency made from thickened almond milk; gruel of ~; ~ milk, milk of ~; oil of ~; water of ~, a liquor obtained by distilling ground almonds.
Associated quotations
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)95 : Seth hem in almand mylk or in kyne mylke.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)103 : Temper it up wyth..the crem of Almaundys.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)85b/a : Bittir oyle of bittir almaundes schal be droppiþ in þe ere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213a/b : Oyle of almoundes sleþ longe wormes in þe wombe.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)32 : Make gode thik Almaund mylke as tofore.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)44 : Creme of Almandes: Take Almandes blanched, grynde hem and drawe hem up thykke..boile hem..spryng hem with Vynegar, cast hem abrode uppon a cloth and cast uppon hem sugar.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)45 : Grewel of Almandes: Take Almandes blanched, bray hem with oot meel, and draw hem up with water.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)56 : Take the secunde mylk of Almandes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)75/5 : He muste holde him content wiþ ius of barli..wiþ almaunde mylk.
- (1575) Acc.Kytson in Nicolas PPExp.[OD col.]173 : A dish of almon butter presented on Good Friday.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)95/22,35 : [O]ile of almandez is made þus: Recipe amigdal dulcis..Brisse þam lang..Be þai putte in a..bagge..and hyng þat bag..ouer a potte ful of boilyng water..Presse þe bag strongly and receyfe þe oile þat comeþ out..[W]atre of almandez is made þus: Recipe almandes dulces..brisse þam in a morter without medlyng of any oþer liquour and after distille þam as þou distilleþ rose watre.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)447 : Botyr of Almondes..Crem of Almonde Mylk. Take almonde mylke, and boyle hit..springe theron a lytel vynegur.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)30 : In a Fysshe day, take Almaunde mylke.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)744 : Creme of almond Iardyne.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)25 : Tak almonde mylk mad with brothe of freshe beef.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)56 : Almond mylk mad with wyne.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)76 : To mak hot mylk of almonds tak blanched almonds and grind them and draw them with faire water and sugur or Hony clarified then salt it and boile it and serue it furthe hoot.
- a1500 Platearius CInstans (Cmb Ee.1.13)7/16 : Amidun .. sethe hit in water of barlech and almon [vr. almond] mylke & kast penides þerto.
4.
Something of the shape or size of an almond; ?the operculum (of the whelk).
Associated quotations
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)301/27 : Enpostyms þat ben as it were almaundis.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)625 : Þe whelke looke þat þe hed and tayle awey be kytt, his pyntill & gutt, almond & mantille, awey þer fro ye pitt.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.15 : Take þer þy ioutes made dalmone.
Note: New spelling: almone.
Note: Belongs to sense 1.(a). (The form 'almone' appears to be singular, but may convey a plural sense, with 'dalmone' meaning 'of almonds.')--per MLL
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes in Nicolas PPExp.[OD col.](Arun 334)173 : Botyr of Almones. Take almonde mylk and let hit boyle.
Note: New spelling: plural almones.
Note: Belongs to sense 3. in phrase butere of almaundes).--per MLL
Note: Correction: there are phrases in sense 3. which require a plural form, instead of the singular given in the bold-faced phrases. The bold-faced phrases for sense 3. (and their glosses) should read: ~ butere, butere of almaundes, a buttery substance made by boiling almond milk, almond butter; creme of ~ jardin (milk), creme of almaundes, a substance of creamy consistency made from thickened almond milk; gruel of almaundes; ~ milk, milk of almaundes; oil of almaundes; water of almaundes, a liquor obtained by distilling ground almonds.--per MLL
Note: List of variant spellings in the form section may not be complete.--per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. almonds (pl.).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. oil of almonds.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. water of almonds.