Middle English Dictionary Entry

dēth n.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
Loss of life; dying, death as an event; ~ of the bodi, ~ of lif; dout (dred) of ~, fear of dying; paien the dette of ~, to die as man must die; dethes cares, throes of death.
1b.
lif and (or) ~, life and (or) death, fate; lives and (or) dedes, living and (or) dead; lives or (ne) dethes, for lif or (ne) ~, under all (no) circumstances, in every (no) way, by all means, dead or alive.
2a.
In verb phrases: (a) dreien (drehen, drien) ~, suffren ~, tholen ~, throuen ~, to suffer death, die a martyr's death, be put to death, die; (b) a)fongen ~, cacchen ~, haven ~, nimen ~, taken ~, underfon ~, to receive or suffer death, be put to death, die a martyr's death, die; (c) dien ~, dien of (on, with) ~, to die (a certain) death, die (in a certain manner); (d) escheuen ~, flen ~, forsaken ~, to avoid or escape death; (e) lenen ~, yeven ~, to inflict death; dighten ~, bring about (someone's) death; (f) abiden ~, to await death; acquiten ~, relieve (sb.) of the death penalty; avengen ~, bien ~, delen ~, avenge (someone's) death, exact retribution for death; dreden ~, fear death; felen ~, feel the pangs of death; sweren ~, vow to slay (sb.); wilnen ~, wish for death.
2b.
Hunt. blouen the ~, to sound the horn at the death of the deer.
3a.
In prep. phrases: (a) ben at (on) ~, to be at the point of death, be dying; (b) bringen (dighten, don, idon, putten, withsetten) to ~, to condemn or put (sb.) to death, kill; (c) aquellen (murtheren) to ~, to kill (sb.); dampnen (demen, fordemen) to ~, condemn (sb.) to death; smiten to ~, beat (sb.) to death; dingen to ~, stonen to ~, riden to ~, wounden to ~, etc.; (d) in point of ~, about to die, in mortal danger; (e) up(on peine of ~, on pain of death; (f) bi godes ~, by the death of Christ!; (g) til-to (to) the ~, mortally (afraid, wounded, etc.); (h) haten to ~, to hate (sb.) mortally; (i) riden the storm to ~, to ride out the storm.
3b.
to (the) ~ ward, toward death; to (unto) his ~ ward, toward his death.
4.
Death personified; dethes hond.
5.
(a) The cause or source of death; also fig.; (b) ministre of deth, executioner.
6.
A death-dealing epidemic, the plague; the foule deth, first deth, the Black Death [of 1348-9 in England].
7.
Theol. (a) The state of being mortal or transient, mortality; (b) perdition of sinful souls, damnation to eternal suffering in hell; endeles (eche) ~; saule ~; ~ of helle; dethes mete, stuff for perdition; (c) the state of being without life; lifelessness, death; dethes dimnesse, ~ slep; a)risen of ~, to rise from death; areren, raisen of (fro) ~, raise from death.
8.
Misc. uses: (a) physiol. mortification (of an organ or limb); (b) alch. slaying (of mercury), transformation to a discolored substance; (c) extinction or destruction (of virtue, fame, etc.); (d) agony.
9.
Cpds. & combs.: (a) ~bed [cp. OE dēaþ-bed a grave]; in (on) ~bed, on (one's) deathbed, when (one) is dying or about to die; ben in ~ bed, lien on (in) ~ bed, to be about to die; dighten ~ bed, put (sb.) to death; (b) dethes bale, death; ~ bering [OE dēaþ-berende], lethal; ~ beting, beating to death; ~ bitte, mortal bite; (c) ~ dai [OE dēaþ-dæg], the time or day of (one's) death; -- also pl.; (d) ~ deiinge [cp. deien (a certain) deth], the process or event of dying; deth(es dint, deathblow, lethal blow; dethes drinche, ~ draught, lethal draught; -- used fig.; (e) ~ fal, dying, death; dethes harm, lethal injury; deth(es ivel, fatal illness, death; ~ pine, agony of death; ~ pitte, hell; ~ rentes, deadly payments; (f) shames deth, shameful death; ~ sith, time of death, death; ~ stounde, hour of death; ~ stour, death struggle, throes of death; dethes strenge, death throes, power of death; dethes strif, death struggle; ~ strok, sting of death; ~ swete, dethes swot, sweat of death; ~ swoue, ~ swoun, swoon of death, dying; (g) ~ throue(s, throes of death, death agony; ~ time, hour of death, death; dethes timpe, death's drum or summons; (h) deth(es wounde, lethal wound or injury; ~ wounded, wounded to death; dethes wo, throes of death; ~ wreke, dedes wrech, lethal vengeance, death penalty.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11946 : Þenne seide ihesu, "þou goddes fo; Son of los & of deþ…þat i haue done þou hast spilt.
  • Note: Additional quote(s).
    Note: Belongs to sense 7.(b).--per MJW
  • (1440) Doc.in HMC Rep.3 App.360 : The forseyde Johan to have..suffycyant fuell and fure, metys..and clothynge aftyr here degree, and alle othyr esementys that ys necessary to here persone, wyth oute eny dethseynge of the forseyde John and Roberte, or eny of theym.
  • Note: Context: Johan has granted her entire estate to her sons John and Robert. She is to have freedom of access and all things necessary for life. Perhaps "dethseynge" refers to something which "eny of theym" might say on his or her deathbed, should that case arise (which would not change the terms of this indenture).
    Note: New compound: ~ seiinge, ?testamentary provisions; ?termination. Belongs to sense 9.(f).
    Note: This quot. has been taken back to books.--notes per MLL
  • a1500 *Nicod.(5) (Wor F.172)5a : The priestis and levites..thoughten how bi what deth thei myght slee Joseph.
  • Note: Postdates sense 5.(a).--per MP
  • c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3252 : Þet folc wes…bliðe for dædðen [?read: dæððen] of þon deore.
  • Note: New spelling: (?error) dædðen.--per MLL
  • a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)102a : Alle men shoulde come togedres affter þe saturday and cast to what manere deoþe þey wolde do Ioseph of Aramathye.
  • Note: New spelling: Also..deoþe.
  • c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)161 : Wao wes Brutus…þa þe fader wes on deaðe
  • c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15418 : Brien…dude þan kinge to witen…þat Pelluz wes on deðen.
  • Note: Supplemental material: belongs to sense 3a.(a) for phrase ben on ~.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.68ra (2.9) : Þat is noȝt elles but a hote drye fumosite, brestand out and stiand & walmand so vp, & þerof often tyme folk cachen here deþ.
Note: Additional quot., sense 2a.(b).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Correction: We need to straighten out the confusion between ded n. and the forms of deth spelled with final -d(e. Since both words mean the same thing, it might be more rational to put all the forms with final -d(e in ded n., and leave a note indicating what has been done.--per MJW

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. death.