Middle English Dictionary Entry
dẹ̄re adj.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | dẹ̄re adj.(1) Also deire, deore, deure, diere, digere, dire, duere, duire, dure, (early) dære. Forms: comp. derre, deorre, digere, (late) darre & dẹ̄rer, derrer, darrer; sup. dẹ̄rest, deoreste, durest & derrest. |
Etymology | OE dēore, A dīore, WS dȳre; comp. dēorra; sup. dēorest. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of God, of persons: excellent, noble, honored, valiant; ~ of degre, high in rank; often in direct address; ~ God, ~ ladi, ~ lord, ~ sire; (b) as noun: noble one(s, valiant man, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2127 : Ure deore laffdiȝ wass Þurrh Drihhtin nemmnedd Marȝe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26220 : Þa cleopede þe king forð rihtes his deoreste [Otho: wiseste] cnihtes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)33/348 : Deore leafdi..ich hit am, þe deouel belial.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1369 : Þe deore [vr. deorre] drihtin areaw us.
- a1300 Hayl mari hic (Dgb 2)12 : Mi bon þu her, leuedi der.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2399 : 'Fader derer,' quað pharaon, 'hu fele ger be ðe on?'
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)838 : Madame melior so dere..Me þinkeþ ich se a seg aslepe.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.272 : Solempnely this noble doctour deere Commendeth it.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2260 : Yif me my loue, thow blisful lady deere.
- c1390(1377) Death Edw.III (Vrn)1 : A, dere God, what mai þis be?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2742 : Certes, deere sire, I graunte yow that ye been riche and myghty.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1823 : 'Now, by youre leeue, o deere sire,' quod she.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10483 : Dere god, here preyere myne.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)92 : He watz dere of degre.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)434 : And bisily she gan to fonde To make many a feynt praiere To God, and to his seyntis dere.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)372 : And for to kepe his lordes hir degre..Enhaunsed and honoured and most dere..This shal be don.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1601-2 : Þe dere kynge hym selfen Comaundyd sir Cadore with his dere knyghttes.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1005 : Þarfore, der lord, do þou to me Efter þi grace.
- a1450 St.Etheldr.(Fst B.3)754 : And y sayde anon, 'ȝe, my lady so dure,' For y durst not to hurre say nay.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)45/65 : Dere lord, I pray þe Also me to saue.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)225 : 'Dere ser,' quod þe dede body, 'devyse þe I thenke.'
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)37 : For love of thys lady Deyr..Aventorres gan he take.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1306 : He..hatz..dreped alle þe doȝtyest and derrest in armes.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1394,1399 : Dere droȝen þerto, and upon des metten..non watz dressed upon dece bot þe dere selven, And his clere concubynes.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)777 : And þou con alle þo dere out dryf.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)445 : Toward þe derrest on þe dece, he dressez þe face.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)678 : Warloker to haf wroȝt had more wyt bene, & haf dyȝt ȝonder dere a duk to haue worþed.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)4 : Dukes and..ducheperes..with þat dere [IrBl: deure] duellys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9225 : On suche couenaund to kepe, yf þat dere wold, He shuld procour the prinse.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)265 : He..starid in hire face..ay on þat dere waytis.
2.
(a) Of things, places: excellent, fine, valuable, precious, prized; (b) of abstractions, etc.: excellent, noble, worthy; ~ heste, ~ laue, ~ love, ~ merci, ~ name, ~ wille, etc.; of baptism: effectual; of death: honored as martyrdom, celebrated; of life, words: important, precious.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6733-4 : Forr rihht all swa summ hord of gold Mang menn iss horde deresst, Rihht swa iss allre deresst lac Biforenn Godess ehne.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8176 : All itt wass wundenn wiþþ gold & sett wiþþ deore staness.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14959 : Þer wes idon in þes kinges deoreste [Otho: beste] win.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/278 : For eauer se deorre þing, se is derure to biwitene.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)176 : Among alle oþre ymstone, þes beoþ deorre in vyche place.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3903 : Moyses ðor made a wirme of bras..Digere it was al ðat berem-tem.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)619 : He brohte a riche present That wes preciouse and deore [Add: dure; Auch: dere].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4925 : Serued selcouþli riȝt as hem wolde, of alle dere deintee of metes and of drynkes.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)37 : In þe lond of damas, þe cuntre was dere.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.232 : I..schal do me ar day to þe deore [vr. dere] churche.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.341 : The brydel is..kept among his iewels lief and deere.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)85 : The adubbemente of þo downez dere Garten my goste al greffe forȝete.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)121 : Dayntes dryuen þerwyth of ful dere metes.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)571 : Þe stif mon steppez þeron..Dubbed in a dublet of a dere tars.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4178 : The temperure..Was maad of lycour wonder der.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)76 : Thow shalt not mysse To comen swiftly to that place deere.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3420 : Dauid..endittede..all the dere psalmes.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1557 : Wele welcomed scho þe geste With..Drynkes of þe derreste.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4438 : Quat dewis ȝow þan þire diatis & all þis dere fode.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5180 : Do on þi hede a dyademe, þe derrest at I haue.
- c1450 Brut-1431(1) (Eg 650)447/26 : Carpe dere..Turbutt..Tenche.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)37/4 : There may no ryches be to dere for them.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.41 : Coloure þe past with safroune dere.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)47/131 : A derere sacryfice may no man nempne.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1018 : Here-self hys woundys gan dyȝt, And ȝaf hym drynkes der.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)134/22 : Ic bidde þe þæt ðu hure læte þe ði lif deorre þenne þine sceos.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18221 : Þatt teȝȝre Bapptisstess fulluhht Wass bettre & hehre & derre þann þatt tatt wass bigunnen þa þurrh Crist.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)31/328 : Ȝef þi deore wil is, do me to understonden..ȝef he beo þi sonde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)632 : Al þet ha drehen for þi deore luue.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)651 : Þeo..beoð icumene aȝeines þi deore [vr. deorewurðe] nome.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)42/25 : Mi deað is deorewurðe & dure into eche liue.
- c1300 Iesu cristes milde moder (Arun 248)57 : Neue blisse he us broute..and for us ȝaf is dere lif.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3483-4 : His word gu wurðe digere al-so lif, Digere or eiðer child or wif.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)79/32 : Charite ne is non oþer þing þanne dyere onhede.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)80/407 : The third vertu..is charite, The whilk is a dere loue [Wycl.: fulnesse of loue] that us augh to haue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3588 : Ne clepe, ne crye, but been in his preyere, For it is godes owene heste deere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.237 : And in encrees of Cristes lawe deere, They been acorded, so as ye shal heere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.827 : I pray to god..So blesse his soule, for his mercy deere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)683 : I ne dyscovered to his corse my counsayl so dere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1604 : He devysed his dremes to þe dere trawþe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1208 : I hit bytaȝte in Krystez dere blessyng.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)32 : The good knyght shulde be ware..that his eye be not takyn away, that is to seye, the eye of his vndirstondynge in his worchip, in his gettyng, or in that the which is derrer to hym.
- a1450 That ilke man (Dgb 102)190 : Mannys loue was hym so dere.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5349 : So sall his maistir, & I may, be my dire saule!
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)273/16 : On is to thynke on þing þat is dary.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3703 : Our haly faders statutes dere, Stryues to kepe and als to lere.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/30 : His dere blyssyng he graunt þe.
3.
(a) Of things: costly, expensive, high-priced; of workmanship: costly; also fig.; (b) at the derrest, to the highest bidder; ~ forward, a costly agreement, a hard bargain; ~ pris, a high price; (c) ~ sesoun, ~ time, a period of scarcity or high prices; ~ somer, a summer of scarcity; ~ yer(es, year (s) of famine or scarcity; ~ yer, a scarcity, dearth [quot. Lydg.BC]; (d) in proverbs and proverbial expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þa was corn dære, & flec & cæse & butere, for nan ne wæs o þe land.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.35 : Bestes beth i-storve, And corne waxeth dere.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) Corp.Chr.(Vrn)52 : He buggeþ Corn aȝeyn þe ȝere, And kepeþ hit til hit beo dere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1518 : Chaffare is so deere That nedes moste he make a cheuyssaunce.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.416 : Superfluitee of clothynge..maketh it so deere, to harm of the peple.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1241 : Hire Sone goth amonges ous And makth the corn good chep or dere, Riht as hire list fro yer to yeere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1359 : It is ful deere, I seye..Ye shul paye fourty pound, so god me saue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14004 : A smerl þat was o pris ful dere..wit hir sco bere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1118 : Perle praysed is..þaȝ hym not derrest be demed to dele for penies.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)269 : Thow supportist..Thy lordes wordes..Al thogh þat they a myte be to deere.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)4050 : Þan so bifell þat corn was dere.
- (1437) RParl.4.509 : And ye more quantitee of Merchandis yai bringe into yis Roialme, ye darrer it is.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)112b : Þe nailes of þi schip is better to ben of Bras þan of Iren þogh hit be more costious or more dere, ffor nayles of bras ne schulle not rote ne ruste in water..Wherfore þogh nayles of braas be derrer, þei beeþ by al the cost better þen Iren.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)55/21 : Idele wordes..beþ wel dere and ful of harm.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)721 : In the secunde monthe the secunde yeer when vitaile was dere.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.169 : Þei for þe pesinge paieth pens ten duble That þe cloþe costened, þe craft is so dere.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)9/18 : When hit schall be dere, hit walleth scarce.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)106a : He bohte us wið his heorte blod; deorre [Pep: derrer] pris nes neauer.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2247 : Fruit and spices of dere pris Bereð ðat man.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.8 : Þei..left þe Inglis þe lond on a forward dere, To pay ilk a hede a peny to þam bi ȝere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.13 : Hir fyngres were fretted with golde wyre..And diamantz of derrest pris.
- (1422) Proc.Privy C.3.18 : Þat all manere wardes..and oþer casualtees þat longeth to þe coroune..be leeten, sold, & disposed..and þat indifferently atte þe derrest with oute favore.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.85 : No man schulde byen no coorn til his corn were soold, and that at a grevous dere prys.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)25 : A deore ȝer þare cam; his bokes he solde and al is guod.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)36/21 : Þe oþre..wilneþ þane dyere time uor to zelle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)68/17 : Yef me him zent aduersete..dyere time.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)5419 : He..amended þe nedi..þe quilest ham lasted þat sesoun dere.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)4053 : He fled fra hir in þat dere tyme.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.82 : The kyng of Gothes, in a dere yeer, hadde his gerneeris ful of corn.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)28/2 : And þerfore is þere dere tyme [Eg: grete derth of corne; F chier temps] in þat contree.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)34/3 : Gerneres..he leet make for to kepe the greynes for the perile of the dere ȝeres [F les chierz ans].
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)12 : Ther was a grete derthe off alle manere Vytaylles in Somer tyme, the which was called the Dere Somer.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.BC (Trin-C R.3.20)92 : I trowe þer beo a dere yeere Of pacyent wymmen nowe þeos dayes.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)66/7 : He sent hym anger and teene, pouerte, siknesse, deere ȝeres.
- ?a1450 Add.Mir.Virg.(Add 39996)354/4 : In a tyme fel a caas Þat a dere ȝere hit was.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)46 : This yere was called the grete dere yere, and that same yere was a quarter of whete at iiij nobles.
d
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)228 : Hit shal be dere on a lek.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.19 : Hit schal be dere i-now a leke.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2286 : Eke som men han seyd that the conseilyng of wommen is outher to deere or elles to litel of pris.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.522 : Greet prees at market maketh deere ware.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.999 : O stormy peple..Ay ful of clappyng, deere ynow a iane.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.795 : Cucurbites and alembikes eek And othere swiche deere ynogh a leek.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1161 : He seyde hire..Moot I nought what, al deere ynough a rysshe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.684 : And with hire tales, deere ynough a myte, Thise wommen..sette hem down.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)741 : It nas nat sene, deere ynogh a myte.
4.
(a) Of persons: beloved, dear (to sb.); (b) ~ herte, dear heart, sweetheart; lef and ~, dear and beloved; (c) as noun: dear one; (d) as noun in direct address; mi ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2206 : Þin Godd arrt tu full deore.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2963 : Swiðe dure [Otho: deore] þeo eart me.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3081 : Of mine dohtren þu were me durest [Otho: leouest].
- ?c1250 I-blessed beo þu (Eg 613)6 : Þi deore swete sunnes loue þu lere me to winnen.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.4 : Beo þi child þe no so dere [Hrl: duere], And hit wille ounþewes lere, Bet hit oþerwile.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2170 : Dere sone, wel is me.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3375 : Mi dere frende Gij, oȝain þou go.
- 1372 Leorne to loue (Adv 18.7.21)7 : Ihesu, suete sone dere, In porful bed þu list nou here.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1636 : Þe worþi william..was here lemman dere.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)282 : Dure frend, say þy wille.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1234 : 'O deere cosyn Palamon,' quod he.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.90 : Mi wyf schal..dele Among..my deore [C: dere; vr. leue] children.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.250 : Bot this which I you telle hiere Is only for my lady diere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15592 : Þer thre him derrest [Trin-C: derest] wer.
- (c1402) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.2.114 : Dure frende, i do ȝow to wetyn that Oweyn Glyndour..Res Gethin han ywon the town of Kermerdyn.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3068 : Her is alle..That I wol seyn myn owne suster dere.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)1243,1246 : Þis is my dere son..No thynge is to me darre.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)701 : She hire deth receyveth..For love of Antony that was hire so dere.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1216 : Luke it be..delte to my dere pople.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.81 : And this to þe ben derrer þan þi lyf.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)277 : Therfer, my dere son, here schall þou lye.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)223/11 : My dere sonne, I ȝef vp my sowle.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Eust.(LdMisc 108)208 : Þe Mariner..ore moder ladde awey, þat us was leof and duyre.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1538 : Sweting, welcome, Mi derworþe derling an my dere hert!
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2338 : Meliors, my dere hert, be marie in heuene..al þis harde þow hast al for my gelt.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.383 : Now, Cristes owene knyghtes, leue and deere, Cast al awey the werkes of derknesse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3501 : Iohn, myn hoost, lief and deere, Thou shalt..swere me heere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4079 : Herte deere, What eyleth yow?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23936 : For þaa þat ar me lijfe [Göt: leue] and dere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.535 : O mercy, dere herte, and help me.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.843 : Why doth my deere herte thus, allas?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.218 : Wher is myn owene lady, lief and deere?
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)868 : It was Piramus, hire herte deere.
- 1448 Rich.(Arms 58)p.380 : His quene..was hym leof and der.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1234 : We be þeym neuere lef ne dere.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)326 : Iwys, my dere herte, ye Knowen ful wel.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)138 : When shal I mete yow, herte dere?
- a1475 Friar & B.(Brog 2.1)p.57 : Thy sone, that is the lyffe and deyre, Had all-most slayn this swet freyr.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)208/1748b : Þow slow..Troyell, broder lefe and dere.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)58 : My dere herte and best beloved fo.
- a1500 Euer yn (Cmb Ff.1.6)7 : And þer-of be ye sure, Myn owne dyre herte.
c
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)26a : Hwa haueð ihurt mi deore?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1839 : Þe self niȝt..william went wiþ his leef dere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1915 : He such love hath to you cast, That ye schul ben his oghne diere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5030 : On flod þou sauued noe here And tempted abraham, þi dere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10055 : Godd gaf his grace til all his dere.
- c1400 Ihesu my lefe (BodDon c.13)7 : Ay to dwelle with my louynge & play me with my dere, It thirlis fast in my thynking.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2823 : To kyng dary þe derfe, þe derrest of my childire.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)23 : A doȝter þou hast, Tyb, þe dere.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)246/423 : Lazar, my Brother, thy owne dere, had not bene dead.
d
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)43/8 : Hwo haueð ihurt te, mi deore?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1643 : Þurȝth destine my deþ is diȝt, dere, for þi sake.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.241 : Ȝif þou Conne Eny lyf of leche Craft, lere hit me, my deore [Hrl 875 omits: my; B: my dere].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1492 : 'Do way,' quoþ þat derf mon, 'my dere, þat speche.'
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4377 : A, Bialacoil, myn owne deer [F biaus dous amis]!
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.313 : 'Moost dere,' he seiþ, 'ȝif God haþ loued us, we shulden love us silf togidere.'
- c1440 Ihesu cryste saynte (Thrn)65 : Ihesu, my dere & my drewrye, Delyte þou arte to synge.
- a1500(?1447) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)92 : Dere and welbeloved in God, we grete you well.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)339/65 : My lefe deres, there I stand in this sted, sich sorow my hart sheres.
5.
(a) Pleasing, pleasurable; expressing joy, joyous, festive; ~ dai, festive day, holiday; ~ holidai, a high festival; ~ time, holiday season; (b) of bodily organs: ?pleasurable, giving (sb.) pleasure; ?beloved, prized (by sb.), precious; (c) ben loth or ~, to be hateful or pleasing (to sb.); me were derre, I would rather; thinken ~, seem pleasing (to sb.), seem fitting or desirable; -- with dat. obj.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)400 : Now þy speche is to me dere.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)880 : A note..I herde..þat watz ful lufly dere.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)47 : Þe fest watz ilyche ful fiften dayes..Dere dyn vpon day, daunsyng on nyȝtes.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)92 : He wolde neuer ete Vpon such a dere day er hym deuised were..an vncouþe tale.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1012 : Wawen & þe wale burde Such comfort..caȝten togeder þurȝ her dere dalyaunce.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1047 : Quat derue dede had hym dryuen at þat dere tyme..fro þe kyngez kourt.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)728 : That sighte was to me ful dere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6916 : And for to han the first chaieris In synagogis, to hem full deere is.
- (?1443) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125181 : Every maister of the said craftes shal com..to thair devyne service of Seint Loy..and kepe it dere haliday.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)10 : It befel in Totenham on a dere day.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)5/47 : Heo wulleþ..Todelen þine þermes, þeo þe deore weren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25634 : He sculden leosen his leomen þat weoren him deore.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1268 : William..profered him þat prisoner..to do þan wiþ þe duk what him dere þouȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4352 : I haue serued þe deþ ȝif ȝou dere þinkes.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.808 : He which that nothing undertaketh, Nothyng n'acheveth, be hym looth or deere.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)1133 : Alixandre..lettrus..Endited to Dindimus, as him dere þoute.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2391 : Þre prise goddes..haue put hom..in þi pure wit, To deme as þe dere thinke.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)540 : Me ware dere to be dede.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1638 : I hope me..To do with Darius..how so me dere thinke.
6.
In phr.: haven ~, holden (for) ~, to hold (sb. or sth.) in high esteem, have great respect for; to love (sb.), prize (sth.).
Associated quotations
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)34 : Þis is þe furste bode here þet we aȝen to habben deore.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3468 : Ech of hem hadde oother lief and deere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1448 : He..bar hym so in pees, and eek in werre, Ther was no man that Theseus hath derre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4433 : Son was ioseph halden dere Wit þe maister jailere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20133 : Saint iohn hir keped & had [Trin-C: helde] ful dere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.412 : Ech for his vertu holden is for deere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1180 : And whoso wole have freendis heere, He may not holde his tresour deere.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)293 : Compleyneth her that evere hath had yow dere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)385 : Þo mighty to meite meuit..With all deintes on dese þat were dere holden.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1683 : Dubbed ouer with dyamondes þat were dere holdyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4421 : Þe dedis of ȝour domesmen ȝe for dere halde.
7.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1176) in Pipe R.Soc.2553 : Hugo Dierechild de Craneford.
- (1224) Pat.R.Hen.III492 : Stephen Dereman.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2145 : Alicia Derman.
- (1312) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.559 : Johannes Dereday.
- (1332) Sub.R.War.in Dugd.Soc.68 : Juliana Derloue.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)17/1861 : Ȝef ȝe doð me to deað hit bið deore to godd.
Note: Antedates sense 5.(a).--per MJW
- c1440(a1401) Life Bridlington in NM 71 (Yale 331)p.142 : He lerned…To spende his tyme in Goddis seruice When o dir slepe ful oft he woke, prayand to God ful besily.
Note: New spelling: dir. (Change dire in form section to dir(e.)--per MLL
Note: Belongs to sense 5.(a).--per MLL