Middle English Dictionary Entry
dēfaut(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | dēfaut(e n. Also defalt(e, default(e, defaught(e, defawth, defeaute & diffaute, diffaught. |
Etymology | OF |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Lack, insufficiency, absence; short weight [quot.: a1400]; at ~, incomplete (as to antlers), lacking; for ~, for lack of something; in your ~, in your absence, because of your failure to appear; pain ~, scarcity of bread; that non ~ (it) nere, that nothing might be lacking; (b) ~ ayen, lack of (sth.); ~ of, lack of (sth.), absence of (sb.), failure (to do sth.); for ~ of, thurgh ~ of, for lack of; haven ~ of, to have need of (sth.), be deficient in (sth.); in ~ of, in the absence of (sb.), in lieu of (payment), short of (the legal weight), without (correction); (c) need, poverty; famine; (d) for ~, of necessity, necessarily; withouten ~, without fail, assuredly; (e) astron. & geog. ebb (of the sea); eclipse (of the sun); waning (of the moon); (f) cook. of ~ of, for ~ of, in the absence of, as a substitute for; in ~, as a substitute; (g) gram. lack or incompleteness (of gender), defect (in gender); (h) law failure to plead one's case, failure to appear in court; bi ~, in the absence of one party to a suit, by default; maken ~, to be absent from court, fail to appear for a trial.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)418 : In his riȝt half one sege he made; his o sone he sette þere In stude ase þei it were godes sone; þat non defaute it nere, In his leoft half he made an oþur.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1668 : Þou woldest þat we were clene ybouȝt, þat no deffaute nere.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)977 : Þe picars founde ese inou & defaute none, To libbe in plente inou, bote of wimmen one.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.9 : Thus schul the persons shep For defaute [Auch: for lac of lore] spylle.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.113 : Schal no greyn..gladen ow..And þauh ȝe dyen for defaute [vr. doel], þe deuel haue þat Recche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326b/a : Þe nombre of sixe..passeþ nouȝt in superfluite, nouþer fayleþ in lak and defaute.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.64 : And for euerych defawte by-þynne þe amountaunce of þre shyllynges, as vp-on þe quantyte of þe trespace.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.260 : May no blyssyng done vs bote..Tyl pruyde be purelich fordo, and þat þourgh payn defaute.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)78 : If he be fourched on þe ryghte side and lak nouȝt of his ryghtes bineth and on þe righte side auntelere and Rialle and susrial and nouȝt fourthe but only þe beme he shall say it is an hert of x at defaute.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)30/7 : In peyne of Adames syne, in þis world we suffre defauȝt.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)301/1 : Whan they sawe..þat þey had no þing amonge hem forto ete..þey weste wel þat þey must deie for defaute.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9376 : Þen hit auntred in the ost..Þat hom failed the fode, and defaute hade.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)5/19 : A book..shalle fulfille myn absence and my defaut.
- (?1462) Stonor1.56 : Also tenentes of Modbury..have made an ende with Ric. Fortescu in your defaute, understondyng to them that ye wold have come, and kepe not your promise at no tyme.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)270 : It were synne to suffre hym to dye for defaute here in the feilde.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)13/39 : And yef þe seyd towell be to shorte, þen þat þer be ij short towelles to fullfille þer defautes bore in þe handes of ij squyres.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)229 : Miseyse huy hadden..For defaute of heore sustinaunce, and for defaute of bokes more.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)268/247 : 'Alas,' he seide, 'þe defaute of schip [Corp-C: wiþoute ssip]! hou schulle we togadere wende?'
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6209 : Þe englisse adde ybe aboue, ȝif it nadde ybe uor niȝte; Ac hii departede as hii nede moste as uor defaute of siȝte [B: lyght].
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)202 : Tho he this ilke bathe made, Ant he eny defaute hade Of thinges that ther schulde to..From Bathe to Londone he wolde fleo.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)73/20 : Þer þou sselt yzy..defaute of alle guode, ynoȝ of alle kueade.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1185 : Oure folk ginneþ to falle for defaute of help.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.329 : Me schall telle..where of þat lond haþ plente [L sufficit] and where of he haþ defaute [L deficit].
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.6 : Forþer miht i not a-fote for defaute of Sleep [B: slepynge].
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)239 : Þorw defaute of knoweleching Þou maiȝt i-greued be.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.186 : Ther [in hell] ben three maneres of defautes agayn [vrr. agayns, aȝen, aȝeinst, aȝeynes] three thynges that folk of this world han..honours, delices, and richesses.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.502 : Often for defalte of bondes..A Tonne..Tobrekth.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.271 : I am the more agast That in defaulte of ladischipe, Per chance in such a drunkeschipe, I mai be ded er I be war.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4601 : Sli defaut [Göt: suilk diffaute] sal be o bred.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.64 : Ȝif þe ferþinglofe is in defawte [Win-HRO W/A3/2: in þe faute] of wyȝte ouer twelf pans, þe bakere is in þe amercy.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.16 : Suffre vs nouht to lese for defeaute of þe.
- (1411) EEWills20/19 : Y wille þat Thomas Rawfe..haue ij Marces ȝhely durynge ys lyfe, takynge yt of þe..rentes in deuen-schyre beynge in fefees handes, takynge a distresse in defawte of payment.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)280 : Þat es thurgh defaut of knawyng.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)194 : Þat þai ben not constreyned..to peiere here owen soule for defaute of wis deuocion.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.782 : Lak of discrecioun bleendith so the siht Of comouneres for diffaute of liht.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)937 : And all þat shalle be for couetys And also for defauuȝte of grace.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10657 : In defaute of tho fuerse, the fyne Duke Paris ffore to the fight with a fell pouer.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.54 : For defawte of a goode man, me settus a shrew on benche.
- (1461) LRed Bk.Bristol2.128 : Through the contynuance thereof in defaute of correccion, hit hath caused that suche Straungiers and Allions beth gretely multeplied.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)118 : His creauncers shul alway grucche ffor lake of thair paymente, and defame his highnes off mysgouernance, and defaute of kepynge of days.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.2.90b : In Latyn the worlde hath..two names, for it is called seculum and also mundus..thow we, for defaute of Engelich, take al for one.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)848 : Syr Gye, haste þou any defawte Of golde, of syluyr or of ryche clothe?
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)261/16 : For þulke dede heo ne tok of no man mede ne wunne, for non ne scholde for defaute bileue þe foule sunne.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.148 : For defaute we schulle, I my-self and my sones, seche þe for neode.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6 : Bysynesse, care and sorouȝ Js myd man vche morowȝe, Somme for sekenesse, for smert, Somme for defaut oiþer pouert.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)8.306 : Thauh ich care suffre, Famyn and defaute, folwen ich wolle peers.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)111/7 : Þise wole be..pore wiþouten defauȝt..diligatli fedde wiþouten traueile.
- a1425(a1400) Ihesu þat hast (Wht)117 : For thi loue pouert is ryches..Defaute for thy loue is plente.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)30/34 : Bot þase þat suffirs hunngere, thryste, caulde and defaute, and oþer wrechidnes and mysese, calles oure Lorde Ihesu Criste Hym-selfe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1286 : When the kyng can vnderstand þat swylke defawt suld aftur fall, he mad hym stewerd.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)137/35 : A kynge owyth to enserche the defaute and the nede of Pouere men.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)141 : He..put hir oute of the palyse, in so muche that for defavte she beggid hir brede.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)400 : To þe Abbeye of stanle he wende..And suiourned þare for defaute for-to is crop him come.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)40/1107 : Many for defaute deiþe Of þer anelyynge.
- a1350 SLeg.Cross (Ashm 43)53 : Þer-by þou myȝt wiþþoute defaute [Ld: faille] to parays euene gon.
- c1440 Treat.PN(2) (Thrn)264 : Amen, þat es to say, 'witterly forsothe, with-owttene any defaute'..with-owttene defaute Suffere noghte þe deuelle to assaye vs.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)157a/b : [The sea] abateþ..eueryche day anone to þe seueneþ day and þanne þe see [is] in his laste defaute, grounde ebbe [L in vetimo defectu].
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)30/6 : Þe world is lickned to þe moone, þat is to seie, vanisching or defauȝt.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)33b : A Defawt:..Eclipsis.
f
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)22 : And caste þer-to tesyd brawn (of defaute of Pertriche or Capoun).
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)29 : Take Sugre y-now an putte þer-to, or hony in defaute.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)41 : Caste þer-to..grapis..& for defawte of grapis, Oynons.
g
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)99 : The secunde acorde is by twene the adiectyf and the substantyf..In how many maners may they be lette?..by defaute of gender, as a grete stryf is of a poure kyngdam, magna lis est de paupere regno.
h
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.58 : Þerfor Godwyn & his fro London went away; He stode vntille no more, defaute he mad [F fet defaute] þat day; þerfore was þe dome gyuen..To exile þe erle Godwyn.
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7308 : John ffordham, late bisshop of Ely, arrayned an assise of novel disseisin ayenst..tenaunts of the said Duchie..and processe of the said assize was prively takyn ayenst the said tenaunts by defaut and so passid ayenst them.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.65 : Ȝiff eany maner persone be arrested..atte the sieut of eany partie..and there uppon fyndyth sieurtee to appere by-fore the Maire and Sherreff..atte eany Court dai..and there uppon makith defaute, that than the partie playntyff or playntees declare and..be a Iuggyd by the seid Maire and Sherref.
2.
(a) A defect, fault, flaw; damage; blemish, disfigurement; ben in ~, to be defective; cacchen ~, be damaged or disfigured; finden ~ in, find a defect in; (b) an error, a blunder; ~ in the leche, an error of the physician; fallen on a ~, of hounds: to be checked by loss of the scent; finden ~, find an error; maken ~, make a mistake; (c) faintness, weakness; (d) ?delay; (e) ?injury; (f) in proverbs.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)108/10 : Þanne wyndeþ hi zuo uele defautes, and of motes, and of doust.
- (1345-6) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)120/14 : That the maystres..goon and asseyen weyghtys, powdrez..And all othyr thyngs..they takynge in euery schope that they fyndyn defectyue, the same defawt to be redressid be hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Job (Dc 369(1))670 : The bod shortid, and to-torn and to-bite, sheweth openli to the rederes his foule defaute [L foeditatem]..Also forsothe al the boc anent the Ebrues is seid derc and slidery, and that the cheef spekeris of Grekis clepen defaute of comun maner of speche, whil other thing is spoken and other thing is don.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.954 : Ther was defaute in som what, wel I woot.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)103b/a : Ȝif þe matiere or humour þat is in defaute be I-voyded, it helpiþ moche þe seke man.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)116a/b : A man in whoos complexioun..þe mone haþ maistrie schal nouȝt be wiþoute defaute oþir a wem in his eiȝe.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)29/13 : Þe senewe haþ ij oþere defautis [L defectus]: neischenesse and liȝtnesse.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)75/30 : As ȝif oon..haþ a wemme and a defaute in his body þat is vnknowe.
- (1419) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8514 : The kynge's dyke betwix Bouthumbarr and Munkbarr was so stopped, that the water myght noght hafe issue, for the whilk defaute a close of the erchebisshope was drowned yerly..thay went bathe the partys to gyder to se the defautes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1814 : Þat no defaute outward be espied.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.153/390 : Item, to þe forseid Robert, Dawber, for v dayes yn Amendyng of diuerse defawtes, as of dawbyng & oþer labor, yn dyuerse places of þe same Almasse hous.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)11/2 : Þei comen aȝen & founden the same lettres & figures, the whiche þei hadde writen the ȝeer before, withouten ony defaute.
- (1432) Will York in Sur.Soc.3020 : I ordeyne yat if any chaunce or defaute in werkemanshyp fall, als God forebede yat it do, unto Catryk brigg, Kexby brigg, Thornton brigg, or Skete brygg..to amend ye defawtes in ye said brigges.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55643 : The whiche mees..is full ruynus in mony defautes.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.44 : Yet al though these in watris feire appere, An hid defaut is sumtyme in nature Vndir couert.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)244/14 : Yf þe flux comme of defawte of þe nethyr guttis, make hym receyue it þrow a clystory be-neþe.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)252/23 : In wyche basun þou fyndyste wormys, in hym or yn her, þat pyst yn þat basun ys in defawte.
- (1463) Statutes Ireland 3114 : Yf suche defaulte be founden in eny of the said poundes..then it shall be chalanged.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)7/27 : A litil leerned man in carpentrie kanne..fynde a defaute in a kingis palice.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)438 : Ȝif a curat falle a caas þat he be lettid of þis preching bi hap or defaute of kynde, whanne he prechide bifore wel, teche he his floc bi hooly lif.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)148 : His colour and his clothe has caȝt no defaute.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.9 : Suche men..willeþ liȝtliche blame defauȝtes of oþere men.
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Hnt EL 26.A.17)5.7095* : He can so wel hise wordes slyke..That in his excusacioun, Ther schal noman defalte finde.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)218/5 : In þis maner manie men dieþ, & þe deeþ comeþ not of þe sijknes, saue it is defaute in þe leche [L medico imputatur].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)342/29 : A[vicen] in diuers placis taketh diuersli þese names of medicyns, & I suppose þat it were for defaute of men þat translatid þe science [L propter errorem translatoris].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.301 : So is it a goky..þat in his gospel failleth Or in masse or in matynes maketh any defaute.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1796 : So prey I God that non myswrite the, Ne the mysmetre for defaute of tonge.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)152/23 : Euery man ȝeueth so gode hede & so gode attendance to his seruyse, þat noman fyndeth no defaute.
- (1426) Paston2.27 : Hem semyth, by the sight of the instrument and by the defautes ye espied in the same and other..that the processe, in gret part ther of, is fal[se and un]trewe.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)6 : That what euer Cristen man..be meke in spirit..schal without fail and defaut fynde the trewe vndirstonding of Holi Scripture.
- a1450(?c1400) Wycl.LFCatech.AM (Bod 789)112 : Oþir mooten men..seie þat heer was first a defaute, kep unto popis to amende.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)384 : The houndes had overshote hym alle, And were on a defaute yfalle.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)252/16 : He sayd it was ane vndiscrete defawte.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)430 : Wel y woot defaute may be in vntrewe translating, as myȝten haue be many defautis in turnyng fro ebreu in-to greu.
c
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)118.53 : Defaut [L Defectio] held me for þe synȝers for-sakand þi lawe.
- a1400 Primer (1891) [OD col.] (StJ-C G.24)p.98 : Defaute [vr. Failyng; L Defectio] heeld me; for synfulmen forsakynge thi lawe.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)29a/b : The tokenes of antrax ben þe tokenes of carbuncle..encresed..wiþ betynge of þe herte wiþ greet defaute [*Ch.(1): defailyng; L defectione].
d
- c1300 SLeg.Theoph.(LdMisc 108)74 : Þe bischop after teofle sende, Þat he to him wel hasteliche with-oute ani defaute [Hrl: demoere] wende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.282 : And natheles of mi lachesse, Ther hath be no defalte, I gesse, Of time lost.
e
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1590 : The chyld in ermys sone hath scho hent ffor no defawt to hym suld fall.
f
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1810 : Quod he,'..Yet saugh I nat..so fair a wyf..' 'Ye, god amende defautes [vrr. all fautes, þe fautis], sire,' quod she.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)73b/a : Telle a wise man hise defautes & he wol loue þe, & tell a fool his defautes and he schal hate þee.
3.
(a) An offense, a crime, a sin; (b) ben in ~, to be guilty of a crime; don ~, fallen in ~, haven ~, maken ~, commit an offense, be guilty of a sin or crime; finden ~, discover or suspect an offense, observe a violation of the law; taken in ~, make (sb.) commit an offense; taken with ~, detect (sb.) in an offense or a sin; ~ making, commission of a crime; (c) guilt, sinfulness, unfaithfulness; ben in ~ ayen, to be sinning against (sb.); finden in ~, finden ~ with, find (sb.) guilty or faithless; (d) blame, discredit; an accusation; bringen in ~, to bring (sb.) into disrepute, bring discredit upon (sb.); finden in ~, blame (sb.), find fault with; leien ~ on (upon), putten ~ in (on, to), accuse (sb.), blame.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)60/18 : Ant beon i-cnowen ofte to god of his muchele godleic touward hire ant hire defautes [Corp-C: fawtes; Recl.: trespas] touward him.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)108/9 : Þe holy gost..him sseweþ his zennes and his defautes.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3718 : The peple roos vp on hym on a nyght For his defaute [vr. defautes].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.143 : But in holy chirche among ȝour self treteþ of ȝour errours and ȝour deffautes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.165 : Oure defautes [vrr. defaute, fawtes] shullen be iuged.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2388 : Ȝyf þou..begyle þy mayster be-hynde hys bak..Shryve þy defaute.
- (1418) Grocer Lond.in Bk.Lond.E.196/61 : He that is than warnyd by the Bedel, and comyth nouȝt, shall been amersyd for that defaut.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)80/9 : Only to god schall a man knouleche his defautes.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.853 : He had mykyll with in hym of dross..and tharfor he gart forge yt in shapp of osmundes..and for this defaute he submit hym to abyde and fulfill ye jugement of ye Mayr and ye Counsell.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)7/11 : Sche was not schreuyn of þat defawt.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)372 : Alle þo consenten þat done not her power to amende syche defawtis.
- (1454) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.50 : What burgeyse taketh a pon hym to be Ooste to eny suche Straunger..shall paie to the vse of the said Chambre att euery defaunte [read: defauute] xx s.
- (1468) Lin.DDoc.128/10 : Thomas Wortley..there confessed playnely his said defaute and trespasse.
- (1474) RParl.6.112b : Then the same Collectour, for his defaulte, shuld be charged to pay to your Highnes.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5549 : Nature hath me hyder sent To declare yow..Your dyffautes.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)422 : O defaute þat is contynued wolle bringe in a more defaute.
- a1525(?1475) Cov.Leet Bk.417 : The Meire..shall rere of the seid Sherreffes..so beyng laches, at euery defalt vj d.
b
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)51/36 : Þis schal be peyne for alle maner defautes þat þe breþeren falle inne.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.35 : And who-so make defaut þat day, and be warned, he ssal paye to pound of wax.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.537 : The Jelous..cast his staf, as doth the blinde, And fint defaulte where is non.
- (1422) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.126/149 : These be þe defautes and noisaunces founden withinne þe warde of Bredstret, þe yere aboue said.
- (1439) LRed Bk.Bristol2.155 : They may be sworne atte that tyme..to surveye all the ordynaunces and defautes of the seid Crafte, and the same defautes to presente to fore the Meire..as oftentymes as eny defaute schall be made.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2298 : I may hym off foryeuenes pray Off þo defautys wych I dyd ying.
- (1450) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.324 : Ȝef eny default, ranker, or discord be hadd..the said Maisters and Wardeins shall sett theim at rest.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)108/21 : They had a sone that hadde do a defauute ayenst hem bothe.
- (1457) LRed Bk.Bristol2.185 : A Maistur of the craft..to areest and presentt to the Mayre and Chambreleyns all such defautez as thei can fynde contrary to eny poyntt of the ordinaunce.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3520 : Beryn is redy in al thing hym to quyte; So ho be in defaute, must pay for the wite.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)64 : There coude be founde no defaute in hem, but that thei worchiped no ydolis.
- (1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.12 : If ye had labored in his tyme as ye have do sith, ye had be thurgh in your materis; be ware be that, and lete slauth nomor take you in such diffaught.
- (?1470) Paston (Gairdner)5.93 : Outher she hath displeased hym, or ell[es] he hath takyn her with diffaught.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)140.4 : It is the manere of vnquaynt men, when thai ere takyn with a defaute, to excuse thaim with falshede.
- (a1450) Code Laws in Willmore Hist.Walsall167 : They that so be founden in defaute to be taken and put in pryson, and to make his fyne..for his defaute-makyng.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)132/5 : Þe uerste stape of mildenesse is to knawe his pourehede and his defaute [Vices & V.(2): defautes].
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)352 : And fast þai loked omang þam all, On wham þis foule defaut suld fall.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.370 : And neuere shal he moore his wyf mystriste, Thogh he the soothe of hir defaute wiste -- Al hadde she taken preestes two or thre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.790 : And she to hym ful wisly gan to swere That neuere sholde ther be defaut in here.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.139 : If he fynde ȝow in defaute and with þe fals holde, It shal bisitte ȝowre soules ful soure.
- c1400 Prep.Euch.(Ashm 1286)126/4 : He is continuelly in defaute aȝen þat myȝtteful lord.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)345 : And so greet defaute was in prestis bifore þat þes newe ordris camen in.
- c1440 Gaytr.LFCatech.(Thrn)2/8 : Perawnter þe defaute [Yk-M: defaitor] may be in thaym þat hase þair saules for to kepe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)281/288 : The lawe wele in no conclusyon With-owte defawth he xuld be spylt.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)71/236 : Greatt defawte with hym youre fader fand.
d
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.145 : Þise possessioneres preche and depraue freres, And freres fyndeth hem in defaute.
- c1400 PPl.A(1) (Hrl 875)5.75 : Defaut [Vrn: I haue..Ablamed him be-hynde his bak to bringe him in disclaundre].
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8510 : I put na defaute in nane yat langes to yis wirshipfull citee..bot neveryeles ye charge is to me full hevy and grevous forto bere.
- (1432) Paston2.34 : Eschuyng of eny thing that mighte..cause eny charge, defaulte, or blame to be leyd upon the Erle of Warrewyk..withouten his desert.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.42 : Also my wyf..And oþere frendes..Fro suche defautes mowe defenden me.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)160/31 : But for as moche as she is not blamed of her worshipe..she is putte before your..for to be know as she is withoute defauute.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8968 : And thys defautys on me ye layde; And yet ye sayde to me no wrong.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)119 : He shal bi necessite be arted to fynde exquysite meanes of geytinge of good, as to putt defaute in some of his subgettes þat bith innocentes.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)875 : To putte in me the defaute, ye are to blame.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)133 : The Emperoure..put a defaute to this forsaide servaunt.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)93/16 : Þe Sustris whoche wole nat knowe here trespace & þe defauhtes whoche been putte on hem.
4.
(a) Responsibility for evil or failure, fault; for thi ~, through a fault of yours, because of you; in ~ of, through the fault of (sb.); mi (our, thi, your, his, their) ~, my (our, your, his, their) fault; in (of, thurgh) ~, through (someone's) fault, because of (someone); owen ~, (one's) own fault; (b) al in mi ~ it is, it is all my fault; in him was al the ~, it was all his fault; in whom is ~, whose fault is it; no ~ in us, through no fault of ours; who is ~ of, who is to blame for; (c) aretten to ~ of, to attribute (sth.) to (sth.); in ~ of, what for ~ of, because of (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)214 : Þat we forlorn at þis asaut, Al we wite it þi defaut.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9206 : He miȝt wite it our defaunt [read: defauut].
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)307 : I beo-take þe..soules to kepe; ȝif eni þorw þi defaute falle fro my riche, At þe day of Iuggement þou beost ioyned harde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3739 : For þy defaute þan synneþ he; Þe more perel þyn shal be.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9646 : Yn þy defaute a soule ys lore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26241 : If þi barne For þi defaut be for-farne, Sum sais þou sal to biscop ga.
- (1419) Let.War France in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)78/11 : And forasmoch as our aduerse partie..haue refused al meenes of pees, We be compelled ayein to werre thorough þair default.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.213 : To wylne schrewydnesse -- that cometh peraventure of our defaute.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)2/24 : Euery man is saued but it be his owne defaute.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.ALM (Hnt HM 744)12 : In your deffaute I deye.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)4898 : Ye wote wele that dede ys Marres, And, God wote, not thorow oure defaute.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6711 : For [vr. Thurgh] þy deffawte, j am adred, My goode barouns beþ harde bested.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3548 : Who had of gold plente..& it myȝt wel be do; But, þat is nat our defaute, he hath no tresour to.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)107/30 : Hit ys youre owne defaute..for ye have done passynge foule.
- (1471) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)11.711 : It shall be ayenst our Will and Entent, and in their owne Frowardness, Obstinacye, and Defaute.
- (1474) RParl.6.112b : The same Collectour..to pay..such somme and sommes as in his defaute were not levied.
- (1476-78) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.3234 : Where that a Chalyce with a patent weying togider xviij ounces..hit is so now the patent of the said Chalyce was lost in defaut of Richard now Clerk of the said Chirch and a new patent ordeyned.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3482 : Al in mi defalte it is.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.89 : Neiþer þe see ne þe sande ne þe seed ȝeldeþ..in wham is defaute?
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)186 : Þat chaunce neo hadde neuer byfalle, Þat we lore þis asauȝt; For soþe, in him was al þeo defauȝt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1144 : Thamar, the trewth bus heyr be told; who is defawt of all þis fare?
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.1477 : Wurshipe and rychesse shal she ful soone lese, No defaute in vs, ffor we may not chese.
c
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)66 : Ȝef thu findest eni led uppon the stikkes undefiȝet, hit is in defaute of to lutel vinegre.
- (a1400) Chaucer CT.Rt.(Manly-Rickert)I.1082 : I preye hem also that they arrette it to the defaute [vr. favte] of myn vnkonnynge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.61 : And what for defaute of unusage and entrecomunynge of marchandise, nat oonly the names of synguler men ne may nat strecchen, but eek the fame of citees ne may nat strecchen.